randomWalk3D.py

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import random as ra
import time


# Timing formatting function; strictly for logging/debugging purposes.
def timelapse(secs):
    minutes = int(secs/60)
    seconds = format((secs % 60), "0.2f")

    tlist = [minutes, seconds]

    return tlist


def abs1(num):
    if num >= 0:
        return num
    elif num < 0:
        return num*(0-1)


def maxmin(ls):
    high = -35000000
    low = 35000000
    for i in range(len(ls)):
        if ls[i] > high:
            high = ls[i]
        if ls[i] < low:
            low = ls[i]
    res = [high, low]
    return res


def rand():
    ra.seed()
    dire = ra.randrange(1, 7)
    if dire == 1:
        dire = 'e'
    elif dire == 2:
        dire = 'n'
    elif dire == 3:
        dire = 'w'
    elif dire == 4:
        dire = 's'
    elif dire == 5:
        dire = 'u'
    elif dire == 6:
        dire = 'd'
    else:
        dire = None
        return 0
    return dire


sd = 'N'
while 1:
    try:
        sd = str(input("Generate Random Walk? [Y/N]: "))
    except Exception as e:
        print(f'Invlaid entry; Error message: \n{e}.')
        exit()

    if sd == 'Y' or sd == 'y':
        ls1 = []
        xcoor = []
        ycoor = []
        zcoor = []

        xcoor.append(0)
        ycoor.append(0)
        zcoor.append(0)

        try:
            n = int(input("Enter the number of steps: "))
        except Exception as e2:
            print(f'Invlaid entry; Error message: \n{e2}.')
            exit()

        time_stamp_01 = time.time()  # Timer starts.
        n_copy = n

        while n > 0:
            ls1.append(rand())
            n = n-1
        print(f'Directions Taken: {ls1}')
        i = 0
        while i < len(ls1):
            if ls1[i] == 'e':
                xcoor.append(xcoor[i] + 1)
                ycoor.append(ycoor[i] + 0)
                zcoor.append(zcoor[i] + 0)
            elif ls1[i] == 'n':
                xcoor.append(xcoor[i] + 0)
                ycoor.append(ycoor[i] + 1)
                zcoor.append(zcoor[i] + 0)
            elif ls1[i] == 'w':
                xcoor.append(xcoor[i] - 1)
                ycoor.append(ycoor[i] + 0)
                zcoor.append(zcoor[i] + 0)
            elif ls1[i] == 's':
                xcoor.append(xcoor[i] + 0)
                ycoor.append(ycoor[i] - 1)
                zcoor.append(zcoor[i] + 0)
            elif ls1[i] == 'u':
                xcoor.append(xcoor[i] + 0)
                ycoor.append(ycoor[i] + 0)
                zcoor.append(zcoor[i] + 1)
            elif ls1[i] == 'd':
                xcoor.append(xcoor[i] + 0)
                ycoor.append(ycoor[i] + 0)
                zcoor.append(zcoor[i] - 1)
            i = i+1

        xorig = []
        yorig = []
        zorig = []
        null_list_1 = []
        null_list_2 = []

        ##Checking max. values of coordinate range.
        resx = maxmin(xcoor)
        resy = maxmin(ycoor)
        resz = maxmin(zcoor)
        res_all = maxmin([abs1(resx[0]), abs1(resx[1]), abs1(
            resy[0]), abs1(resy[1]), abs1(resz[0]), abs1(resz[1])])
        high = res_all[0]

        ##Constructing coordinate set for origins of all axes.
        for j in range((0-high), (0+high+1), 1):
            xorig.append(j)
            yorig.append(j)
            zorig.append(j)
            null_list_1.append(0)
            null_list_2.append(0)

        # Timer ends.
        time_stamp_02 = time.time() - time_stamp_01
        # Basic formatting of timing information.
        dur = timelapse(time_stamp_02)

    elif sd == 'N' or sd == 'n':
        print(f'"{sd}" chosen; exiting application.')
        exit()
    else:
        print(f'Invalid input: "{sd}"; exiting application.')
        exit()

    print(f'Highest coordinate value: {high}')
    print(f'X-Axis Graduation: {xorig}')
    print(f'Y-Axis Graduation: {yorig}')
    print(f'Z-Axis Graduation: {zorig}')
    print(f'X-Axis Coordinates: {xcoor}')
    print(f'Y-Axis Coordinates: {ycoor}')
    print(f'Z-Axis Coordinates: {zcoor}')

    ##Block V: Logging/Debugging Information
    if dur[0] == 1:
        print(
            f'This operation took  {dur[0]}  minute and {dur[1]}  seconds to complete.')
    elif dur[0] == 0 or dur[0] > 1:
        print(
            f'This operation  took {dur[0]} minutes and {dur[1]} seconds to complete.')

    plt.axes(projection="3d")
    plt.xlabel("X-Axis")
    plt.ylabel("Y-Axis")

    ##Drawing Origin
    plt.plot(
        0,
        0,
        0,
        color='#5d9c25',
        linewidth=0,
        marker='o',
        markerfacecolor='#6be302',
        markersize=7
    )
    ##Drawing X-Axis:
    plt.plot(
        xorig,
        null_list_1,
        null_list_2,
        color='#c41818',
        linewidth=1,
        marker=',',
        markerfacecolor='blue',
        markersize=0,
        label='X-Axis'
    )
    ##Drawing Y-Axis:
    plt.plot(
        null_list_1,
        yorig,
        null_list_2,
        color='#18c431',
        linewidth=1,
        marker=',',
        markerfacecolor='blue',
        markersize=0,
        label='Y-Axis'
    )
    ##Drawing Z-Axis:
    plt.plot(
        null_list_1,
        null_list_2,
        zorig, color='#185ac4',
        linewidth=1,
        marker=',',
        markerfacecolor='blue',
        markersize=0,
        label='Z-Axis'
    )

    ##Drawing random walk in three dimensions:
    plt.plot(
        xcoor,
        ycoor,
        zcoor,
        color='#1a1515',
        linewidth=1,
        marker='o',
        markerfacecolor='#ff0000',
        markersize=3,
        label=f'User-specified 3D walk of {n_copy} steps.'
    )
    ##Drawing final position:
    plt.plot(
        xcoor[len(xcoor)-1],
        ycoor[len(ycoor)-1],
        zcoor[len(zcoor)-1],
        color='#050505',
        linewidth=1,
        marker='o',
        markerfacecolor='#ffffff',
        markersize=7,
        label='Final Position'
    )
    plt.plot(
        0,
        0,
        0,
        color='#5d9c25',
        linewidth=0,
        marker='o',
        markerfacecolor='#6be302',
        markersize=7,
        label='Initial Position'
    )
    ##Drawing initial position:
    plt.title(f'3-Dimensional Unitary Walk after {n_copy} steps.')

   ##Plot features:
    plt.legend()
    plt.grid(True)
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.show()

    ##Calculation of net displacement of particle after 'n' steps.
    displacement = (
        (
            xcoor[len(xcoor)-1]**2
        )
        + (
            ycoor[len(ycoor)-1]**2
        )
        + (
            zcoor[len(zcoor)-1]**2)
    )**0.5
    print(f'Net Displacement: {format(displacement, "0.2f")} units.')