3.6. Analysis_Q6.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 3. Analysis\n",
    "##  3.6. Q6: Comparison of a duration of news coverage on Ukraine with Russians attitudes towards Ukraine \n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import re\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import altair as alt\n",
    "from altair import datum\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%run \"Functions to use in analysis.ipynb\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Data Loading"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# path = \"G:/My Drive/01.MADS Courses/SIADS 593 Milestone I/02.Data Collection and Cleaning/df_tokenized.csv\"\n",
    "path = \"data/df_tokenized.csv\"\n",
    "df_scraped = pd.read_csv(path)\n",
    "df_scraped.drop(columns=[\"Unnamed: 0\"], inplace=True)\n",
    "df_scraped = df_scraped[df_scraped[\"whole newscast\"] == False]\n",
    "df_scraped[\"date\"] = pd.to_datetime(df_scraped[\"date\"])\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'The scraped dataframe contains 350719 rows'"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\"The scraped dataframe contains {} rows\".format(df_scraped.shape[0])\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Setting all the text columns to lower case\n",
    "for col in [\n",
    "    \"tags_top\",\n",
    "    \"title\",\n",
    "    \"body\",\n",
    "    \"tags_bottom\",\n",
    "    \"body_token_final\",\n",
    "    \"title_token_final\",\n",
    "]:\n",
    "    df_scraped[col] = df_scraped[col].str.lower()\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Adjusting video duration for some cases\n",
    "df_scraped.iloc[348394, 7] = 8\n",
    "df_scraped.iloc[347534, 7] = 24\n",
    "df_scraped.iloc[342323, 7] = 51\n",
    "df_scraped.iloc[337016, 7] = 181\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Dictiornary Russian to English used in the following charts but also for documentation\n",
    "dict_ru_en = {\n",
    "    \"специальная военная операция\": \"Special Military Operation\",\n",
    "    \"националистическ\": \"Nationalist\",\n",
    "    \"националистические\": \"Nationalist\",\n",
    "    \"националистическому\": \"Nationalist\",\n",
    "    \"украин\": \"Ukraine\",\n",
    "    \"киев\": \"Ukraine\",\n",
    "    \"мы вместе\": \"We are all together\",\n",
    "    \"все для победы\": \"Everything for victory\",\n",
    "    \"своих не бросаем\": \"Never abandon our people\",\n",
    "    \"родина\": \"Motherland\",\n",
    "    \"отчизна\": \"Motherland\",\n",
    "    \"коллективный запад\": \"Collective West\",\n",
    "    \"нацисты\": \"Nazist\",\n",
    "}\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Creating variabels** to find words in the news broadcast leveraging the function *find_tokens* in the notebook *\"Functions to use in analysis.ipynb\"*. These variables represent the *catchy slogans* as well as *words* related to Ukraine"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# SMO: Special Military Operation\n",
    "smo = \"специальная военная операция\"\n",
    "\n",
    "# Ukraine\n",
    "token_dict_ukraine = {\n",
    "    \"tags_bottom\": [\"украин\", \"киев\"],\n",
    "    \"body_token_final\": [\"украин\", \"киев\"],\n",
    "    \"title_token_final\": [\"украин\", \"киев\"],\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "#nationalists\n",
    "token_dict_nationalist = {\n",
    "    \"tags_bottom\": [\"националистическ\", \"националистические\", \"националистическому\"],\n",
    "    \"body_token_final\": [\n",
    "        \"националистическ\",\n",
    "        \"националистические\",\n",
    "        \"националистическому\",\n",
    "    ],\n",
    "    \"title_token_final\": [\n",
    "        \"националистическ\",\n",
    "        \"националистические\",\n",
    "        \"националистическому\",\n",
    "    ],\n",
    "}\n",
    "# We are all together\n",
    "together = \"мы вместе\"\n",
    "# Everything for victory\n",
    "victory = \"все для победы|всё для победы|все для победы|всё для победы\"\n",
    "# Collective West\n",
    "collective_west = \"коллективный запад|коллективный запад|коллективному западу|коллективному западу|коллективном западе\"\n",
    "# Never abandond our people\n",
    "people = \"своих не бросаем|своих не бросаем\"\n",
    "motherland = {\n",
    "    \"tags_bottom\": [\"родина\", \"отчизна\"],\n",
    "    \"body_token_final\": [\"родина\", \"отчизна\"],\n",
    "    \"title_token_final\": [\"родина\", \"отчизна\"],\n",
    "}\n",
    "nazi = {\n",
    "    \"tags_bottom\": [\"нацисты\", \"нацизм\"],\n",
    "    \"body_token_final\": [\"нацисты\", \"нацизм\"],\n",
    "    \"title_token_final\": [\"нацисты\", \"нацизм\"],\n",
    "}\n",
    "# 10065 rows\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def masking_df_with_word(df, slogan1, slogan2=None):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Filtering the scraped dataframe with one or two catchy slogans. When two slogans are selected,\n",
    "    the fucnction the number of co-occurences in a same news\n",
    "    Args:\n",
    "    df - dataframe originating from the web scraping script e.g. df_scraped\n",
    "    slogan1 - dictionary or string that represents a catchy slogan used to filter the scraped dataframe\n",
    "    slogan2 - dictionary that represents a catchy slogan used to filter the scraped dataframe.\n",
    "    It can be used for co-occurence with slogan1\n",
    "\n",
    "    Returns\n",
    "    df - dataframe filtered with slogan1 and optionally slogan2\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "\n",
    "    # check if slogan1 is a string\n",
    "    if isinstance(slogan1, str):\n",
    "        df = df[df[\"body\"].str.contains(slogan1, na=False)]\n",
    "\n",
    "    if isinstance(slogan1, dict):\n",
    "        df2 = df.copy()  # used only if there are two conditions\n",
    "        df = find_tokens(df, slogan1)\n",
    "        df = df[df[\"contain_token\"] == 1]\n",
    "\n",
    "        if slogan2 != None:\n",
    "            df2 = find_tokens(df2, slogan2)\n",
    "            df2 = df2[df2[\"contain_token\"] == 1]\n",
    "            df = df.merge(df2, left_index=True, right_index=True)\n",
    "            df[\"contain_token_merge\"] = df.apply(\n",
    "                lambda row: 1\n",
    "                if (row[\"contain_token_x\"] == 1 and row[\"contain_token_y\"] == 1)\n",
    "                else 0,\n",
    "                axis=1,\n",
    "            )\n",
    "            df.drop(\n",
    "                [col for col in df.columns if col.endswith(\"_y\")], inplace=True, axis=1\n",
    "            )\n",
    "            df = df.rename(mapper=lambda x: x.replace(\"_x\", \"\"), axis=1)\n",
    "            df.rename({\"contain_token_merge\": \"contain_token\"})\n",
    "            df = df[df[\"contain_token\"] == 1]\n",
    "\n",
    "    return df\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Before building the data vizualizations to answer the question of this notebook, let's understand **what is the share of news that talk about Ukraine in the last 10 years?**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Share of News featuring Ukraine since 2013 is 17.8%'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_ukr = masking_df_with_word(df_scraped, token_dict_ukraine)\n",
    "df_ukr = df_ukr.copy()\n",
    "df_ukr[\"date\"] = pd.to_datetime(df_ukr[\"date\"])\n",
    "\"Share of News featuring Ukraine since 2013 is {:.1%}\".format(len(df_ukr[df_ukr.date > \"2013\"]) \n",
    "                                                / len(df_scraped[df_scraped.date > \"2013\"]))\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def grouping(df, x_axis):\n",
    "    \"\"\"grouping the df by the chosen x_axis e.g. year_month\n",
    "    Args\n",
    "    df - dataframe to be grouped\n",
    "    x_axis - string representing the column to be grouped by e.g. year_month\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    df = (\n",
    "        df.groupby(x_axis)\n",
    "        .agg(\n",
    "            {\"id_in_source_file\": np.count_nonzero, \"video_duration_seconds\": np.nansum}\n",
    "        )\n",
    "        .reset_index()\n",
    "        .rename({\"id_in_source_file\": \"Count of News Articles\"}, axis=1)\n",
    "    )\n",
    "    df[\"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\"] = df[\"video_duration_seconds\"] / 3600\n",
    "    df.drop(\"video_duration_seconds\", axis=1, inplace=True)\n",
    "    df[x_axis] = pd.to_datetime(df[x_axis])\n",
    "    return df\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def get_chart(df, slogan1, x_axis, y_axis, date_from='2006', width_chart=800, height_chart=300, slogan2=None):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Build an area chart from a df, filtered for slogan1 and optionally for slogan2 for co-occurrences.\n",
    "    The chart is built by providing the x_axis (e.g. year_month) which is encoded in x axis of the position channel and\n",
    "    the y_axis whichi is econded in the other vertical axis (e.g. Count of News Articles Featuring)\n",
    "    Args\n",
    "    df - dataframe originating from the web scraping script e.g. df_scraped\n",
    "    x_axis -  grouping column to be encoded in the x axis e.g. year_month\n",
    "    y_axis - measure to be encoded in the y axis e.g. # Broadcasting News\n",
    "    slogan1 - dictionary or string that represents a catchy slogan used to filter the scraped dataframe\n",
    "    slogan2 - dictionary that represents a catchy slogan used to filter the scraped dataframe.\n",
    "    It can be used for co-occurence with slogan1\n",
    "    date_from - string in a date format that specify the starting period of the chart\n",
    "    width_chart - float representing the width of the chart. Default=800\n",
    "    height_chart - float representing the height of the chart. Default=300\n",
    "\n",
    "    Returns\n",
    "    layered chart - area chart with the above encodings and area as mark overlayed by a line chart and a scatter plot\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    df = masking_df_with_word(df, slogan1, slogan2)\n",
    "    df = grouping(df, x_axis)\n",
    "    # filtering from the input date\n",
    "    df = df[df[x_axis]>=date_from]\n",
    "    # formatting the axis depending on the type of grouping column\n",
    "    if x_axis == \"year\":\n",
    "        format_x = \"%Y\"\n",
    "    elif x_axis == \"year_month\":\n",
    "        format_x = \"%Y-%m\"\n",
    "\n",
    "    area = (\n",
    "        alt.Chart(df)\n",
    "        .mark_area(color=\"#3C8689\", fillOpacity=0.7)\n",
    "        .encode(\n",
    "            alt.X(\n",
    "                x_axis,\n",
    "                type=\"temporal\",\n",
    "                axis=alt.Axis(\n",
    "                    labelColor=\"#897C57\",\n",
    "                    labelFont=\"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\",\n",
    "                    labelFontSize=18,\n",
    "                    grid=False,\n",
    "                    ticks=True,\n",
    "                    labelAngle=-45,\n",
    "                    format=format_x,\n",
    "                    title=None,\n",
    "                ),\n",
    "            ),\n",
    "            alt.Y(\n",
    "                y_axis,\n",
    "                type=\"quantitative\",\n",
    "                axis=alt.Axis(\n",
    "                    domain=False,\n",
    "                    labelColor=\"#897C57\",\n",
    "                    labelFont=\"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\",\n",
    "                    labelFontSize=18,\n",
    "                    grid=False,\n",
    "                    gridWidth=0.5,\n",
    "                    ticks=True,\n",
    "                    titleFontStyle=\"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\",\n",
    "                    titleColor=\"#897C57\",\n",
    "                    titleFontSize=35\n",
    "                    \n",
    "                )\n",
    "            ),\n",
    "        )\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "    # overlaying a line chart over the area chart\n",
    "    line = (\n",
    "        alt.Chart(df)\n",
    "        .mark_line(color=\"#897C57\")\n",
    "        .encode(\n",
    "            alt.X(x_axis, type=\"temporal\"),\n",
    "            alt.Y(y_axis, type=\"quantitative\"),\n",
    "        )\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "    # overlaying a scatter plot over the area chart to highlight the points\n",
    "    point = (\n",
    "        alt.Chart(df)\n",
    "        .mark_point(color=\"#897C57\", filled=True, opacity=1, size=60)\n",
    "        .encode(\n",
    "            alt.X(x_axis, type=\"temporal\"),\n",
    "            alt.Y(y_axis, type=\"quantitative\"),\n",
    "        )\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "    if slogan2 == None:\n",
    "        if isinstance(slogan1, dict):\n",
    "            title_txt = (\n",
    "                y_axis\n",
    "                + \" featuring \"\n",
    "                + dict_ru_en[slogan1[\"tags_bottom\"][0]]\n",
    "                + \" in Title, Tags, or Description\"\n",
    "            )\n",
    "        # using regex to extract  until '|' e.g. victory = \"все для победы|всё для победы|\"\n",
    "        # --> все для победы and then translated with the dictiornary dict_ru_en to\n",
    "        # Everything for victory\n",
    "        elif isinstance(slogan1, str):\n",
    "            title_txt = (\n",
    "                y_axis\n",
    "                + \" featuring \"\n",
    "                + dict_ru_en[re.match(\"[\\w\\s]+\", slogan1).group()]\n",
    "                + \" in Title, Tags, or Description\"\n",
    "            )\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        title_txt = (\n",
    "            y_axis\n",
    "            + \" featuring \"\n",
    "            + dict_ru_en[slogan1[\"tags_bottom\"][0]]\n",
    "            + \" & \"\n",
    "            + dict_ru_en[slogan2[\"tags_bottom\"][0]]\n",
    "            + \" in Title, Tags, or Description\"\n",
    "        )\n",
    "\n",
    "    chart = (area + line + point).properties(\n",
    "        title={\n",
    "            \"text\": [title_txt],\n",
    "            \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\",\n",
    "            \"fontSize\": 24,\n",
    "            \"color\": \"#897C57\",\n",
    "        },\n",
    "        width=width_chart,\n",
    "        height=height_chart\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "    return chart\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Frequent use of Catchy Slogans: *Special Military Operation*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 400, \"continuousHeight\": 300, \"stroke\": \"#897C57\", \"strokeWidth\": 1.2}}, \"layer\": [{\"mark\": {\"type\": \"area\", \"color\": \"#3C8689\", \"fillOpacity\": 0.7}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"axis\": {\"format\": \"%Y-%m\", \"grid\": false, \"labelAngle\": -45, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"title\": null}, \"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"domain\": false, \"grid\": false, \"gridWidth\": 0.5, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"titleColor\": \"#897C57\", \"titleFontSize\": 35, \"titleFontStyle\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\"}, \"field\": \"Count of News Articles\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"line\", \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Count of News Articles\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"point\", \"color\": \"#897C57\", \"filled\": true, \"opacity\": 1, \"size\": 60}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Count of News Articles\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}], \"data\": {\"name\": \"data-9bc0274982cbdfe896ed292dc8f53a7e\"}, \"height\": 300, \"title\": {\"text\": [\"Count of News Articles featuring Special Military Operation in Title, Tags, or Description\"], \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\", \"fontSize\": 24, \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"width\": 800, \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v4.17.0.json\", \"datasets\": {\"data-9bc0274982cbdfe896ed292dc8f53a7e\": [{\"year_month\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 10, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6311111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 25, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.9761111111111112}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.23722222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.17555555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.06916666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.06416666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.37527777777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.050833333333333335}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 15, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.275}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.05472222222222222}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 68,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "get_chart(\n",
    "    df_scraped, smo, \"year_month\", \"Count of News Articles\",\n",
    ").configure_view(strokeWidth=1.2, stroke=\"#897C57\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
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       "      \"vega-lib\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lib?noext\",\n",
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       "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
       "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"4.17.0\"))\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
       "        .catch(showError)\n",
       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 400, \"continuousHeight\": 300}}, \"layer\": [{\"mark\": {\"type\": \"area\", \"color\": \"#3C8689\", \"fillOpacity\": 0.7}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"axis\": {\"format\": \"%Y-%m\", \"grid\": false, \"labelAngle\": -45, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"title\": null}, \"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"domain\": false, \"grid\": false, \"gridWidth\": 0.5, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"titleColor\": \"#897C57\", \"titleFontSize\": 35, \"titleFontStyle\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\"}, \"field\": \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"line\", \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"point\", \"color\": \"#897C57\", \"filled\": true, \"opacity\": 1, \"size\": 60}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}], \"data\": {\"name\": \"data-02009cca92134e0073cc5ad2bf4b7330\"}, \"height\": 300, \"title\": {\"text\": [\"Sum of Video Duration (hours) featuring Special Military Operation in Title, Tags, or Description\"], \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\", \"fontSize\": 24, \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"width\": 800, \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v4.17.0.json\", \"datasets\": {\"data-02009cca92134e0073cc5ad2bf4b7330\": [{\"year_month\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 311, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 11.344722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1609, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 63.363055555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1134, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 41.0775}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 976, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 33.64277777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 826, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 30.28527777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 784, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 27.90277777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 804, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 28.808611111111112}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 622, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 27.181944444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 601, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 23.177222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 592, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 21.12472222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 557, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 20.540277777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 453, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 17.04388888888889}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
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      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "get_chart(\n",
    "    df_scraped,\n",
    "    smo,\n",
    "    \"year_month\",\n",
    "    \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\",\n",
    ")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Frequent use of Words: *Ukraine*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "<div id=\"altair-viz-de51158b4a5a49b9ac77bfbd08290ddb\"></div>\n",
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       "    const paths = {\n",
       "      \"vega\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega@5?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lib\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lib?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lite\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lite@4.17.0?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-embed\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-embed@6?noext\",\n",
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       "\n",
       "    function maybeLoadScript(lib, version) {\n",
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       "        Promise.resolve(paths[lib]) :\n",
       "        new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n",
       "          var s = document.createElement('script');\n",
       "          document.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0].appendChild(s);\n",
       "          s.async = true;\n",
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       "          };\n",
       "          s.onerror = () => reject(`Error loading script: ${paths[lib]}`);\n",
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       "    function showError(err) {\n",
       "      outputDiv.innerHTML = `<div class=\"error\" style=\"color:red;\">${err}</div>`;\n",
       "      throw err;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
       "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
       "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
       "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
       "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"4.17.0\"))\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
       "        .catch(showError)\n",
       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 400, \"continuousHeight\": 300}}, \"layer\": [{\"mark\": {\"type\": \"area\", \"color\": \"#3C8689\", \"fillOpacity\": 0.7}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"axis\": {\"format\": \"%Y-%m\", \"grid\": false, \"labelAngle\": -45, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"title\": null}, \"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"domain\": false, \"grid\": false, \"gridWidth\": 0.5, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"titleColor\": \"#897C57\", \"titleFontSize\": 35, \"titleFontStyle\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\"}, \"field\": \"Count of News Articles\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"line\", \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Count of News 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\"2006-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 49, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.9413888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2006-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 49, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.2802777777777776}, {\"year_month\": \"2007-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 44, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.8227777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2007-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 31, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.5083333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2007-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 41, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.3844444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2007-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 132, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.9430555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2007-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 103, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.018888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2007-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 66, \"Sum of Video Duration 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{\"year_month\": \"2016-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 190, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.308333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 169, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.528333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 153, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.398055555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 222, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 10.696388888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 197, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.229722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 171, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.758333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 117, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.108055555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 342, \"Sum of Video 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\"Count of News Articles\": 166, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.877222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 125, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.012777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 171, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.1930555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 118, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.514444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 129, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.804444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 112, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.416666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 114, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.808611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 181, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.896944444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 118, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.343333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 105, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.731944444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 113, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.9344444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 102, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.2825}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 132, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.833055555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 241, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 17.66611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 200, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 17.316388888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 137, \"Sum of Video Duration 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\"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.744166666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 182, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.792222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 156, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.757777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 191, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 11.309166666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 123, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.510277777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 122, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.916666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 113, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.49}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 38, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.5238888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 53, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.7241666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 53, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.1638888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 82, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.8030555555555554}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 76, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.902222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 78, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.4863888888888885}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 71, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.4191666666666665}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 44, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.6330555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 51, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.5516666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 67, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.443611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 69, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.966388888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 54, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.983611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 109, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.789444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 90, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.301944444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 129, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.8}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 106, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.979722222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 61, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.7680555555555557}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 98, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.206111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 105, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.833333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 100, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.448888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 139, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.20138888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 192, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 10.402222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 737, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 36.992777777777775}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1944, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 75.41361111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1340, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 47.04638888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1163, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 39.57944444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 946, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 34.19}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 926, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 33.27527777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 917, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 32.41777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 735, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 33.128055555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 790, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 30.088333333333335}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 789, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 28.842777777777776}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 711, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 25.822777777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 599, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 21.497777777777777}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "get_chart(\n",
    "    df_scraped,\n",
    "    token_dict_ukraine,\n",
    "    \"year_month\",\n",
    "    \"Count of News Articles\",\n",
    ")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Let's see how is the trend of video duration featuring Ukraine"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"4.17.0\"))\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
       "        .catch(showError)\n",
       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
       "    }\n",
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\"Count of News Articles\": 53, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.7241666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 53, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.1638888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 82, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.8030555555555554}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 76, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.902222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 78, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.4863888888888885}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 71, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.4191666666666665}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 44, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.6330555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 51, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.5516666666666667}, 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3.7680555555555557}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 98, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.206111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 105, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.833333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 100, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.448888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 139, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.20138888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 192, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 10.402222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 737, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 36.992777777777775}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1944, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 75.41361111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1340, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 47.04638888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1163, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 39.57944444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 946, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 34.19}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 926, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 33.27527777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 917, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 32.41777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 735, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 33.128055555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 790, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 30.088333333333335}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 789, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 28.842777777777776}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 711, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 25.822777777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 599, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 21.497777777777777}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "get_chart(\n",
    "    df_scraped,\n",
    "    token_dict_ukraine,\n",
    "    \"year_month\",\n",
    "    \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\",\n",
    "    width_chart=1000,\n",
    ")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "From the two above charts two periods stood out:\n",
    "1. Before the annexation of Crimea (February 2014), the trend started to increase reaching the peak during the event (February 2014)\n",
    "2. Similary, before the invasion of Ukraine (February 2022) the trend started to increase reaching the peak during the event (February 2022)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Frequent use of Catchy Slogans and Words: *Nationalist and Ukraine*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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0.415}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6477777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.8975}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 11, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.0125}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.16805555555555557}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.7211111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.0661111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.43694444444444447}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.06472222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.3630555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.017777777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.09111111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.013888888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.22305555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.010833333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.021944444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.09638888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.23833333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.013055555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.37222222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.3186111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.8286111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.10722222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.03972222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.15916666666666668}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.1436111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.12111111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.30444444444444446}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 42, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.935277777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 102, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.9325}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 46, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.2922222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 27, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.825}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 16, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.47444444444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 23, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5583333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 8, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.19111111111111112}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 23, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5691666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.02388888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.02666666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.04111111111111111}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "get_chart(\n",
    "    df_scraped,\n",
    "    token_dict_nationalist,\n",
    "    \"year_month\",\n",
    "    \"Count of News Articles\",\n",
    "    slogan2=token_dict_ukraine,\n",
    ")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "      \"vega-lib\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lib?noext\",\n",
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       "\n",
       "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
       "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
       "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
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       "\n",
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       "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
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       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
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       "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 400, \"continuousHeight\": 300}}, \"layer\": [{\"mark\": {\"type\": \"area\", \"color\": \"#3C8689\", \"fillOpacity\": 0.7}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"axis\": {\"format\": \"%Y-%m\", \"grid\": false, \"labelAngle\": -45, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"title\": null}, \"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"domain\": false, \"grid\": false, \"gridWidth\": 0.5, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"titleColor\": \"#897C57\", \"titleFontSize\": 35, \"titleFontStyle\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\"}, \"field\": \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"line\", \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Sum of Video 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{\"year_month\": \"2007-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.14833333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2007-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.04861111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2008-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.13777777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2008-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.07333333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2008-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.16527777777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2008-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.1272222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2008-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.05333333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2008-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video 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\"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.03833333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.03361111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.30277777777777776}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 15, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.4075}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 16, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.2541666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 19, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.5644444444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 94, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.215277777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 44, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.7802777777777776}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 28, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.0591666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 13, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5788888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 8, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.7727777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 12, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.7238888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 16, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.8769444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 26, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.6041666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 14, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.7725}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration 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Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.415}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6477777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.8975}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 11, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.0125}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.16805555555555557}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.7211111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.0661111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.43694444444444447}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News 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Articles\": 27, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.825}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 16, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.47444444444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 23, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5583333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 8, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.19111111111111112}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 23, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5691666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.02388888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.02666666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.04111111111111111}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 44,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "get_chart(\n",
    "    df_scraped,\n",
    "    token_dict_nationalist,\n",
    "    \"year_month\",\n",
    "    \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\",\n",
    "    slogan2=token_dict_ukraine,\n",
    ")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Frequent use of Catchy Slogans and Words: *Nazist and Ukraine*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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0.4822222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.9516666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.14527777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.06805555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5113888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.8188888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.13194444444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.31722222222222224}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6416666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2758333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2777777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6433333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 19, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.2666666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.03166666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.17833333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.05722222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.013055555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.02}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 14, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.63}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 36, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.269722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 21, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.815}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 22, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.8830555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.1238888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.3219444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.36527777777777776}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.29333333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 8, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.3838888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.34555555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.23}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5172222222222222}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "get_chart(\n",
    "    df_scraped,\n",
    "    nazi,\n",
    "    \"year_month\",\n",
    "    \"Count of News Articles\",\n",
    "    slogan2=token_dict_ukraine,\n",
    ")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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\"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6416666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2758333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2777777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6433333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 19, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.2666666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.03166666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.17833333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.05722222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.013055555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.02}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 14, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.63}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 36, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.269722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 21, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.815}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 22, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.8830555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.1238888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.3219444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.36527777777777776}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.29333333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 8, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.3838888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.34555555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.23}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5172222222222222}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "get_chart(\n",
    "    df_scraped,\n",
    "    nazi,\n",
    "    \"year_month\",\n",
    "    \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\",\n",
    "    slogan2=token_dict_ukraine,\n",
    ")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The use of words *Nazi* along with *Ukraine* in news' title, tags or description has been used more frequently in the last years as compared to the period from 2006 to 2013. Moreover, it has been used more frequently right before the two major events: **Crimean annexation** and **Russian invasion of Ukraine**. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Frequent use of Catchy Slogans: *Never abandon our people*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "\n",
       "<div id=\"altair-viz-2bbba92acbee43b5871e10ccf69bcaa7\"></div>\n",
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       "  var VEGA_DEBUG = (typeof VEGA_DEBUG == \"undefined\") ? {} : VEGA_DEBUG;\n",
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       "      outputDiv = document.getElementById(\"altair-viz-2bbba92acbee43b5871e10ccf69bcaa7\");\n",
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       "    const paths = {\n",
       "      \"vega\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega@5?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lib\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lib?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lite\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lite@4.17.0?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-embed\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-embed@6?noext\",\n",
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       "\n",
       "    function maybeLoadScript(lib, version) {\n",
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       "      outputDiv.innerHTML = `<div class=\"error\" style=\"color:red;\">${err}</div>`;\n",
       "      throw err;\n",
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       "\n",
       "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
       "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
       "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
       "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
       "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"4.17.0\"))\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
       "        .catch(showError)\n",
       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 400, \"continuousHeight\": 300}}, \"layer\": [{\"mark\": {\"type\": \"area\", \"color\": \"#3C8689\", \"fillOpacity\": 0.7}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"axis\": {\"format\": \"%Y-%m\", \"grid\": false, \"labelAngle\": -45, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"title\": null}, \"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"domain\": false, \"grid\": false, \"gridWidth\": 0.5, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"titleColor\": \"#897C57\", \"titleFontSize\": 35, \"titleFontStyle\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\"}, \"field\": \"Count of News Articles\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"line\", \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Count of News Articles\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"point\", \"color\": \"#897C57\", \"filled\": true, \"opacity\": 1, \"size\": 60}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Count of News Articles\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}], \"data\": {\"name\": \"data-ab3e712e06df212a990a9733261d50da\"}, \"height\": 300, \"title\": {\"text\": [\"Count of News Articles featuring Never abandon our people in Title, Tags, or Description\"], \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\", \"fontSize\": 24, \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"width\": 800, \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v4.17.0.json\", \"datasets\": {\"data-ab3e712e06df212a990a9733261d50da\": [{\"year_month\": \"2010-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.0}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 29, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.0291666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.09361111111111112}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.06194444444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.058333333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.13583333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.18694444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2025}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.05611111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.1938888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.1661111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.37583333333333335}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.14944444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.04416666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.3861111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.09222222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.15611111111111112}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
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       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 47,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "get_chart(df_scraped, people, \"year_month\", \"Count of News Articles\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "\n",
       "<div id=\"altair-viz-eed23ba1b49743e6a52518947e548f60\"></div>\n",
       "<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n",
       "  var VEGA_DEBUG = (typeof VEGA_DEBUG == \"undefined\") ? {} : VEGA_DEBUG;\n",
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       "      outputDiv = document.getElementById(\"altair-viz-eed23ba1b49743e6a52518947e548f60\");\n",
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       "    const paths = {\n",
       "      \"vega\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega@5?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lib\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lib?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lite\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lite@4.17.0?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-embed\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-embed@6?noext\",\n",
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       "\n",
       "    function maybeLoadScript(lib, version) {\n",
       "      var key = `${lib.replace(\"-\", \"\")}_version`;\n",
       "      return (VEGA_DEBUG[key] == version) ?\n",
       "        Promise.resolve(paths[lib]) :\n",
       "        new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n",
       "          var s = document.createElement('script');\n",
       "          document.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0].appendChild(s);\n",
       "          s.async = true;\n",
       "          s.onload = () => {\n",
       "            VEGA_DEBUG[key] = version;\n",
       "            return resolve(paths[lib]);\n",
       "          };\n",
       "          s.onerror = () => reject(`Error loading script: ${paths[lib]}`);\n",
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       "    function showError(err) {\n",
       "      outputDiv.innerHTML = `<div class=\"error\" style=\"color:red;\">${err}</div>`;\n",
       "      throw err;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
       "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
       "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
       "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
       "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"4.17.0\"))\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
       "        .catch(showError)\n",
       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 400, \"continuousHeight\": 300}}, \"layer\": [{\"mark\": {\"type\": \"area\", \"color\": \"#3C8689\", \"fillOpacity\": 0.7}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"axis\": {\"format\": \"%Y-%m\", \"grid\": false, \"labelAngle\": -45, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"title\": null}, \"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"domain\": false, \"grid\": false, \"gridWidth\": 0.5, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"titleColor\": \"#897C57\", \"titleFontSize\": 35, \"titleFontStyle\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\"}, \"field\": \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"line\", \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"point\", \"color\": \"#897C57\", \"filled\": true, \"opacity\": 1, \"size\": 60}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}], \"data\": {\"name\": \"data-ab3e712e06df212a990a9733261d50da\"}, \"height\": 300, \"title\": {\"text\": [\"Sum of Video Duration (hours) featuring Never abandon our people in Title, Tags, or Description\"], \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\", \"fontSize\": 24, \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"width\": 800, \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v4.17.0.json\", \"datasets\": {\"data-ab3e712e06df212a990a9733261d50da\": [{\"year_month\": \"2010-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.0}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 29, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.0291666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.09361111111111112}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.06194444444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.058333333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.13583333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.18694444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2025}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.05611111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.1938888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.1661111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.37583333333333335}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.14944444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.04416666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.3861111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.09222222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.15611111111111112}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
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      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "get_chart(df_scraped, people, \"year_month\", \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Frequent use of Catchy Slogans: *Collective West*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
       "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
       "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"4.17.0\"))\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
       "        .catch(showError)\n",
       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 400, \"continuousHeight\": 300}}, \"layer\": [{\"mark\": {\"type\": \"area\", \"color\": \"#3C8689\", \"fillOpacity\": 0.7}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"axis\": {\"format\": \"%Y-%m\", \"grid\": false, \"labelAngle\": -45, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"title\": null}, \"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"domain\": false, \"grid\": false, \"gridWidth\": 0.5, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"titleColor\": \"#897C57\", \"titleFontSize\": 35, \"titleFontStyle\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\"}, \"field\": \"Count of News Articles\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"line\", \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Count of News Articles\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"point\", \"color\": \"#897C57\", \"filled\": true, \"opacity\": 1, \"size\": 60}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Count of News Articles\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}], \"data\": {\"name\": \"data-f7849f789f2f2080026a3878a58ebaf7\"}, \"height\": 300, \"title\": {\"text\": [\"Count of News Articles featuring Collective West in Title, Tags, or Description\"], \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\", \"fontSize\": 24, \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"width\": 800, \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v4.17.0.json\", \"datasets\": {\"data-f7849f789f2f2080026a3878a58ebaf7\": [{\"year_month\": \"2018-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.43083333333333335}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.07472222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.24972222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.21138888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.18472222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.08361111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.3363888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.24944444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.08833333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.20527777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.7833333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.23777777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6663888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 13, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.5205555555555557}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 11, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.36277777777777775}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.33}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 8, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2802777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.38305555555555554}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2891666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.7697222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.03333333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2927777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.1897222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.155}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
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      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "get_chart(df_scraped, collective_west, \"year_month\", \"Count of News Articles\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
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       "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
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       "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
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       "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 400, \"continuousHeight\": 300}}, \"layer\": [{\"mark\": {\"type\": \"area\", \"color\": \"#3C8689\", \"fillOpacity\": 0.7}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"axis\": {\"format\": \"%Y-%m\", \"grid\": false, \"labelAngle\": -45, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"title\": null}, \"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"domain\": false, \"grid\": false, \"gridWidth\": 0.5, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"titleColor\": \"#897C57\", \"titleFontSize\": 35, \"titleFontStyle\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\"}, \"field\": \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"line\", \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"point\", \"color\": \"#897C57\", \"filled\": true, \"opacity\": 1, \"size\": 60}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}], \"data\": {\"name\": \"data-f7849f789f2f2080026a3878a58ebaf7\"}, \"height\": 300, \"title\": {\"text\": [\"Sum of Video Duration (hours) featuring Collective West in Title, Tags, or Description\"], \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\", \"fontSize\": 24, \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"width\": 800, \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v4.17.0.json\", \"datasets\": {\"data-f7849f789f2f2080026a3878a58ebaf7\": [{\"year_month\": \"2018-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.43083333333333335}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.07472222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.24972222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.21138888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.18472222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.08361111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.3363888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.24944444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.08833333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.20527777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.7833333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.23777777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6663888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 13, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.5205555555555557}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 11, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.36277777777777775}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.33}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 8, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2802777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.38305555555555554}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2891666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.7697222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.03333333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2927777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.1897222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.155}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
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   "source": [
    "get_chart(df_scraped, collective_west, \"year_month\", \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Frequent use of Catchy Slogans: *Everything for Victory*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
       "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
       "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
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       "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
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       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
       "        .catch(showError)\n",
       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 400, \"continuousHeight\": 300}}, \"layer\": [{\"mark\": {\"type\": \"area\", \"color\": \"#3C8689\", \"fillOpacity\": 0.7}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"axis\": {\"format\": \"%Y-%m\", \"grid\": false, \"labelAngle\": -45, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"title\": null}, \"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"domain\": false, \"grid\": false, \"gridWidth\": 0.5, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"titleColor\": \"#897C57\", \"titleFontSize\": 35, \"titleFontStyle\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\"}, \"field\": \"Count of News Articles\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"line\", \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Count of News 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\"2021-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.03777777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.22972222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.050555555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.02722222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5533333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 13, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.63}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 13, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5311111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.17333333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 10, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6444444444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 14, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5738888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 23, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.9130555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.021944444444444444}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
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      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
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     },
     "execution_count": 55,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "get_chart(df_scraped, victory, \"year_month\", \"Count of News Articles\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
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{\"year_month\": \"2021-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.03777777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.22972222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.050555555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.02722222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5533333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 13, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.63}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 13, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5311111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration 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       "</script>"
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      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
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     },
     "execution_count": 61,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "get_chart(df_scraped, victory, \"year_month\", \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Frequent use of Catchy Slogans: *We are all together*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "\n",
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       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
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       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
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{\"year_month\": \"2013-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.40055555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.32805555555555554}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.12777777777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.17694444444444443}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.35638888888888887}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.20527777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.15638888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video 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\"2015-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.10222222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.535}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6619444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2222222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 12, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.8888888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 14, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5625}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.06222222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.425}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 12, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.1044444444444443}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.4988888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.24805555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5958333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 12, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.0180555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 8, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.37222222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2644444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 8, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6091666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.3275}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.051111111111111114}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 18, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.2261111111111112}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 8, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5069444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 10, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.40444444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 10, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5913888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.4125}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 10, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.4333333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2811111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6441666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 10, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.0911111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2427777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.4861111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 10, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5227777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.20722222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of 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\"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5666666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.4186111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.07861111111111112}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.24305555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6244444444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.7277777777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 10, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.9130555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.40555555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.9436111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 14, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.113888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 23, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.0141666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 19, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.1875}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 18, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.388611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 8, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.8416666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 8, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.43722222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 14, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.3372222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 16, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.0666666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 15, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.621388888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 17, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.3747222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.3402777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 10, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5938888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 17, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.2}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6219444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6377777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 11, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.0966666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 15, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.4897222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 12, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.221111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.35583333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 17, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.1027777777777779}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 11, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6775}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 22, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.6583333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 11, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.7825}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 21, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.1158333333333332}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 21, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.0202777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.11944444444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.1597222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.018055555555555554}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.25805555555555554}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 17, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5877777777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.165}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.15388888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 21, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.105}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.1425}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 62,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "get_chart(df_scraped, together, \"year_month\", \"Count of News Articles\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
       "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
       "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"4.17.0\"))\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
       "        .catch(showError)\n",
       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
       "    }\n",
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{\"year_month\": \"2020-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.9436111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 14, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.113888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 23, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.0141666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 19, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.1875}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 18, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.388611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 8, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.8416666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 8, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.43722222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 14, \"Sum of Video Duration 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\"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6377777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 11, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.0966666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 15, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.4897222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 12, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.221111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.35583333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 17, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.1027777777777779}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 11, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6775}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 22, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.6583333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 11, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.7825}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 21, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.1158333333333332}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 21, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.0202777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.11944444444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.1597222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.018055555555555554}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.25805555555555554}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 17, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5877777777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.165}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.15388888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 21, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.105}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.1425}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
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       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
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     },
     "execution_count": 63,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "get_chart(df_scraped, together, \"year_month\", \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Frequent use of Words: *Motherland*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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\"Count of News Articles\": 51, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.203333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 56, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.5183333333333335}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 35, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.4025}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 50, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.4277777777777776}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 78, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.0480555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 66, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.4569444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 55, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.0416666666666665}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 54, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.6030555555555557}, 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\"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.178888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 38, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.2875}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 34, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.8197222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 51, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.2391666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 34, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.036111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 38, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.8455555555555554}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 53, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.4358333333333335}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 51, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.466388888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count 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{\"year_month\": \"2020-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 63, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.54}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 41, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.1430555555555557}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 37, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.026111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 30, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.0775}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 41, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.2222222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 57, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.4683333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 41, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.3847222222222224}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 25, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.89}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 45, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.0641666666666665}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 50, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.090833333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 56, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.8680555555555554}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 48, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.593611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 64, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.888333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 49, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.0675}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 50, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.426111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 57, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.051666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 33, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.908611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 56, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.98}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 54, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.7952777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 42, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.4411111111111112}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 36, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.6655555555555557}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 66, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.528333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 27, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.9230555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 40, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.109166666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 36, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.5802777777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 32, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.6927777777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 38, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.4955555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 48, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.0525}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 28, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.2433333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 28, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.7775}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 49, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.4766666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 29, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.113888888888889}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 64,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "get_chart(df_scraped, motherland, \"year_month\", \"Count of News Articles\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 65,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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\"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.109166666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 36, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.5802777777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 32, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.6927777777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 38, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.4955555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 48, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.0525}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 28, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.2433333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 28, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.7775}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 49, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.4766666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 29, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.113888888888889}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
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      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
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     },
     "execution_count": 65,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "get_chart(df_scraped, motherland, \"year_month\", \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Attitudes of Russians toward Ukraine\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Data Loading\n",
    "In the next section we load the dataset from Levada center containing the survey polls about attitude of Russians toward Ukraine"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "c:\\Users\\riccardoricci\\OneDrive - KPMG\\Documents\\GitHub\\rick0701\\SIADS593_Project_Russian_Propaganda\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%cd .."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>Month.Year</th>\n",
       "      <th>Positive</th>\n",
       "      <th>Negative</th>\n",
       "      <th>Difficult to answer</th>\n",
       "      <th>Month</th>\n",
       "      <th>Year</th>\n",
       "      <th>Date</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.1998</td>\n",
       "      <td>79.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>1998</td>\n",
       "      <td>1998-12-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.1999</td>\n",
       "      <td>78.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>1999</td>\n",
       "      <td>1999-12-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.2000</td>\n",
       "      <td>71.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>2000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2000-07-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.2001</td>\n",
       "      <td>71.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>2001</td>\n",
       "      <td>2001-07-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2001</td>\n",
       "      <td>54.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>2001</td>\n",
       "      <td>2001-10-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   Unnamed: 0  Month.Year  Positive  Negative  Difficult to answer  Month  \\\n",
       "0           0     12.1998      79.0      14.0                  7.0     12   \n",
       "1           1     12.1999      78.0      15.0                  8.0     12   \n",
       "2           2      7.2000      71.0      23.0                  6.0      7   \n",
       "3           3      7.2001      71.0      23.0                  6.0      7   \n",
       "4           4     10.2001      54.0      35.0                 11.0     10   \n",
       "\n",
       "   Year        Date  \n",
       "0  1998  1998-12-01  \n",
       "1  1999  1999-12-01  \n",
       "2  2000  2000-07-01  \n",
       "3  2001  2001-07-01  \n",
       "4  2001  2001-10-01  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "attitude_ukraine = pd.read_csv(\"Levada data set/Ukraine.csv\")\n",
    "attitude_ukraine.head()\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 185,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def read_clean_df_attitude(file_path):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Read and clean the dataframe with attitutes of Russians toward a country (e.g. Ukraine)\n",
    "    Args\n",
    "    file_path - string containing the path of the file with the dataset e.g. \"Levada data set/Ukraine.csv\"\n",
    "    Returns\n",
    "    df - dataframe contanining the attitudes of Russian toward a country by period of time (e.g. year-month)\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    df = pd.read_csv(file_path)\n",
    "    df = df[df[\"Year\"] >= 2006]\n",
    "    df[\"year_month\"] = df[\"Date\"].str.extract(\"(\\d{4}-\\d{2})\", expand=True)\n",
    "    df[\"Positive\"] = df[\"Positive\"] / 100\n",
    "    df[\"Negative\"] = df[\"Negative\"] / 100\n",
    "    df['Date'] = pd.to_datetime(df['Date'])\n",
    "    return df\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 186,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>Month.Year</th>\n",
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       "      <th>Negative</th>\n",
       "      <th>Difficult to answer</th>\n",
       "      <th>Month</th>\n",
       "      <th>Year</th>\n",
       "      <th>Date</th>\n",
       "      <th>year_month</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-02-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-02</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.53</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.37</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-03-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-03</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.56</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.35</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-04-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-04</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.55</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.35</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-05-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-05</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.56</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.33</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-06-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-06</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    Unnamed: 0  Month.Year  Positive  Negative  Difficult to answer  Month  \\\n",
       "25          25      2.2006      0.50      0.40                 10.0      2   \n",
       "26          26      3.2006      0.53      0.37                 10.0      3   \n",
       "27          27      4.2006      0.56      0.35                 10.0      4   \n",
       "28          28      5.2006      0.55      0.35                 10.0      5   \n",
       "29          29      6.2006      0.56      0.33                 11.0      6   \n",
       "\n",
       "    Year       Date year_month  \n",
       "25  2006 2006-02-01    2006-02  \n",
       "26  2006 2006-03-01    2006-03  \n",
       "27  2006 2006-04-01    2006-04  \n",
       "28  2006 2006-05-01    2006-05  \n",
       "29  2006 2006-06-01    2006-06  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 186,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_attitude_ukr = read_clean_df_attitude(\"Levada data set/Ukraine.csv\")\n",
    "df_attitude_ukr.head()\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 429,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def get_attitude_chart(df_attitude, attitude_type, date_from='2006', width_chart=800, height_chart=300):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Return a chart with the trend of attitude_type (i.e. Positive or Negative) toward a country e.g. Ukraine\n",
    "    Args\n",
    "    df_attitude - dataframe contanining the attitudes of Russian toward a country by period of time (e.g. year-month)\n",
    "    width_chart - float representing the width of the chart. Default=600\n",
    "\n",
    "    Returns\n",
    "    attitude_chart - area chart with attitude of Russians toward a country\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    format_x = \"%Y-%m\"\n",
    "\n",
    "    df_attitude=df_attitude[df_attitude['Date']>=date_from]\n",
    "    \n",
    "    attitude_chart = (\n",
    "        alt.Chart(df_attitude)\n",
    "        .mark_area(color=\"#E2BA41\", fillOpacity=1)\n",
    "        .encode(\n",
    "            alt.X(\n",
    "                \"Date\",\n",
    "                type=\"temporal\",\n",
    "                title=None,\n",
    "                axis=alt.Axis(\n",
    "                    labelColor=\"#897C57\",\n",
    "                    labelFont=\"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\",\n",
    "                    labelFontSize=18,\n",
    "                    grid=False,\n",
    "                    ticks=True,\n",
    "                    labelAngle=-45,\n",
    "                    format=format_x\n",
    "                ),\n",
    "            ),\n",
    "            alt.Y(\n",
    "                attitude_type,\n",
    "                type=\"quantitative\",\n",
    "                axis=alt.Axis(\n",
    "                    domain=False,\n",
    "                    labelColor=\"#897C57\",\n",
    "                    labelFont=\"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\",\n",
    "                    labelFontSize=18,\n",
    "                    grid=False,\n",
    "                    gridWidth=0.5,\n",
    "                    ticks=True,\n",
    "                    title=\"Negative Attitude of Russians toward Ukraine\",\n",
    "                    titleFontStyle=\"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\",\n",
    "                    titleColor=\"#897C57\",\n",
    "                    format=(\"%\"),\n",
    "                    titleFontSize=35\n",
    "                ),\n",
    "            ),\n",
    "        )\n",
    "    ).properties(\n",
    "        width=width_chart,\n",
    "        height=height_chart,\n",
    "        title={\n",
    "        \"text\": [\"Negative Attitude of Russians towrad Ukraine, source: Levada Center\"],\n",
    "        \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\",\n",
    "        \"fontSize\": 24,\n",
    "        \"color\": \"#897C57\",\n",
    "    }\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "    return attitude_chart\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 430,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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{\"Unnamed: 0\": 123, \"Month.Year\": 5.2022, \"Positive\": 0.23, \"Negative\": 0.66, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 5, \"Year\": 2022, \"Date\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2022-05\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 124, \"Month.Year\": 8.2022, \"Positive\": 0.23, \"Negative\": 0.66, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 8, \"Year\": 2022, \"Date\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2022-08\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 125, \"Month.Year\": 11.2022, \"Positive\": 0.2, \"Negative\": 0.7, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 11, \"Year\": 2022, \"Date\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2022-11\"}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.Chart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 430,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# ch1: Chart1 Attitude of Russians toward Ukraine\n",
    "ch1 = get_attitude_chart(df_attitude_ukr, \"Negative\", '2011').properties(\n",
    "    \n",
    ")\n",
    "ch1\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 431,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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123, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.9925}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 112, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.7891666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 65, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.3561111111111113}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 65, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.2197222222222224}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 55, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.0569444444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 66, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.323611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 114, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.121388888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 65, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.343611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 71, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.569722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 65, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.367777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 76, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.5269444444444447}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 75, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.948888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 70, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.9897222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 98, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.1955555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 86, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.9908333333333332}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 57, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.104722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 90, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.359722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 161, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.895555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 178, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 10.786111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 145, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.486944444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 276, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 10.534444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1085, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 47.327222222222225}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 915, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 39.78944444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1062, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 42.195}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 887, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 34.67472222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1082, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 43.81861111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 974, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 38.20666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 861, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 34.388333333333335}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 794, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 29.675833333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 633, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 24.85527777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 571, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 21.58972222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 536, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 18.586388888888887}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 869, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 35.543055555555554}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 733, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 27.291944444444443}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 572, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 20.70722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 507, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 16.857777777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 501, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 17.716666666666665}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 466, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 17.183611111111112}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 419, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 15.518611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 268, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 11.335555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 225, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 10.479722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 172, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.12111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 261, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 11.716111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 159, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.128333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 204, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.432777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 192, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.195277777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 198, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 9.708333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 196, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.824166666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 144, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.508611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 190, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.308333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 169, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.528333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 153, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.398055555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 222, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 10.696388888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 197, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.229722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 171, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.758333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 117, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.108055555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 342, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 13.479166666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 291, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 10.907222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 168, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.114722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 185, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.505555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 145, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.347777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 162, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 9.192222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 168, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.298611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 128, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.323611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 166, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.877222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 125, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.012777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 171, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.1930555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 118, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.514444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 129, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.804444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 112, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.416666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 114, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.808611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 181, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.896944444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 118, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.343333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 105, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.731944444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 113, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.9344444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 102, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.2825}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 132, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.833055555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 241, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 17.66611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 200, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 17.316388888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 137, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.883333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 132, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.331666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 161, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.708611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 206, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 11.390555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 181, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.4825}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 183, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 11.143055555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 202, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.979166666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 109, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.2325}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 115, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.744166666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 182, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.792222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 156, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.757777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 191, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 11.309166666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 123, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.510277777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 122, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.916666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 113, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.49}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 38, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.5238888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 53, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.7241666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 53, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.1638888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 82, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.8030555555555554}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 76, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.902222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 78, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.4863888888888885}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 71, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.4191666666666665}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 44, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.6330555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 51, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.5516666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 67, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.443611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 69, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.966388888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 54, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.983611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 109, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.789444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 90, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.301944444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 129, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.8}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 106, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.979722222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 61, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.7680555555555557}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 98, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.206111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 105, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.833333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 100, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.448888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 139, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.20138888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 192, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 10.402222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 737, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 36.992777777777775}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1944, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 75.41361111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1340, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 47.04638888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1163, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 39.57944444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 946, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 34.19}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 926, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 33.27527777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 917, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 32.41777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 735, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 33.128055555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 790, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 30.088333333333335}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 789, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 28.842777777777776}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 711, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 25.822777777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 599, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 21.497777777777777}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 431,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# ch2: Chart2 Video Duration featuring Ukraine\n",
    "\n",
    "ch2 = get_chart(\n",
    "    df_scraped,\n",
    "    token_dict_ukraine,\n",
    "    \"year_month\",\n",
    "    \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\",\n",
    "    '2011',\n",
    ")\n",
    "ch2\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 433,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "<div id=\"altair-viz-05e4f7ab53244e08ae5d5cd71ad848f8\"></div>\n",
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       "  (function(spec, embedOpt){\n",
       "    let outputDiv = document.currentScript.previousElementSibling;\n",
       "    if (outputDiv.id !== \"altair-viz-05e4f7ab53244e08ae5d5cd71ad848f8\") {\n",
       "      outputDiv = document.getElementById(\"altair-viz-05e4f7ab53244e08ae5d5cd71ad848f8\");\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    const paths = {\n",
       "      \"vega\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega@5?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lib\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lib?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lite\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lite@4.17.0?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-embed\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-embed@6?noext\",\n",
       "    };\n",
       "\n",
       "    function maybeLoadScript(lib, version) {\n",
       "      var key = `${lib.replace(\"-\", \"\")}_version`;\n",
       "      return (VEGA_DEBUG[key] == version) ?\n",
       "        Promise.resolve(paths[lib]) :\n",
       "        new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n",
       "          var s = document.createElement('script');\n",
       "          document.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0].appendChild(s);\n",
       "          s.async = true;\n",
       "          s.onload = () => {\n",
       "            VEGA_DEBUG[key] = version;\n",
       "            return resolve(paths[lib]);\n",
       "          };\n",
       "          s.onerror = () => reject(`Error loading script: ${paths[lib]}`);\n",
       "          s.src = paths[lib];\n",
       "        });\n",
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       "\n",
       "    function showError(err) {\n",
       "      outputDiv.innerHTML = `<div class=\"error\" style=\"color:red;\">${err}</div>`;\n",
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       "\n",
       "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
       "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
       "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
       "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
       "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"4.17.0\"))\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
       "        .catch(showError)\n",
       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
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\"2014-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 861, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 34.388333333333335}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 794, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 29.675833333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 633, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 24.85527777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 571, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 21.58972222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 536, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 18.586388888888887}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 869, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 35.543055555555554}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 733, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 27.291944444444443}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 572, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 20.70722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 507, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 16.857777777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 501, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 17.716666666666665}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 466, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 17.183611111111112}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 419, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 15.518611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 268, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 11.335555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 225, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 10.479722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 172, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.12111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 261, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 11.716111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 159, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.128333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 204, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.432777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 192, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.195277777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 198, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 9.708333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 196, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.824166666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 144, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.508611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 190, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.308333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 169, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.528333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 153, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.398055555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 222, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 10.696388888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 197, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.229722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 171, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.758333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 117, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.108055555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 342, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 13.479166666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 291, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 10.907222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 168, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.114722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 185, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.505555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 145, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.347777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 162, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 9.192222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 168, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.298611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 128, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.323611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 166, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.877222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 125, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.012777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 171, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.1930555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 118, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.514444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 129, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.804444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 112, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.416666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 114, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.808611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 181, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.896944444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 118, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.343333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 105, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.731944444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 113, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.9344444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 102, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.2825}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 132, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.833055555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 241, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 17.66611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 200, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 17.316388888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 137, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.883333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 132, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.331666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 161, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.708611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 206, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 11.390555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 181, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.4825}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 183, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 11.143055555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 202, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.979166666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 109, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.2325}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 115, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.744166666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 182, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.792222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 156, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.757777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 191, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 11.309166666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 123, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.510277777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 122, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.916666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 113, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.49}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 38, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.5238888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 53, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.7241666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 53, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.1638888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 82, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.8030555555555554}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 76, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.902222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 78, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.4863888888888885}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 71, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.4191666666666665}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 44, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.6330555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 51, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.5516666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 67, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.443611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 69, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.966388888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 54, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.983611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 109, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.789444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 90, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.301944444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 129, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.8}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 106, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.979722222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 61, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.7680555555555557}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 98, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.206111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 105, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.833333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 100, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.448888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 139, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.20138888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 192, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 10.402222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 737, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 36.992777777777775}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1944, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 75.41361111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1340, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 47.04638888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1163, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 39.57944444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 946, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 34.19}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 926, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 33.27527777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 917, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 32.41777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 735, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 33.128055555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 790, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 30.088333333333335}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 789, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 28.842777777777776}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 711, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 25.822777777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 599, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 21.497777777777777}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 433,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(ch1 + ch2).resolve_scale(y='independent')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Comparing *Negative Attitude of Russians toward Ukraine* vs *Monthly Video Durating Featuring Ukraine*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 434,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "width_ch=800\n",
    "height_ch=300"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 435,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>year_month</th>\n",
       "      <th>y_axis_annotations</th>\n",
       "      <th>annotations</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-07</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Crimean annexation</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2022-07</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Invasion of Ukraine</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  year_month  y_axis_annotations          annotations\n",
       "0    2014-07                   0   Crimean annexation\n",
       "1    2022-07                   0  Invasion of Ukraine"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 435,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# creating a dummy dataframe for annotations in the final chart\n",
    "\n",
    "annotations = pd.DataFrame(\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        \"year_month\": [\"2014-07\", \"2022-07\"],\n",
    "        \"y_axis_annotations\": [0, 0],\n",
    "        \"annotations\": [\"Crimean annexation\", \"Invasion of Ukraine\"],\n",
    "    }\n",
    ")\n",
    "annotations\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 462,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# ch3: Chart3 Annotations\n",
    "\n",
    "ch3 = (\n",
    "    alt.Chart(annotations)\n",
    "    .mark_text(color=\"#897C57\", dy=230, fontStyle=\"bold\", size=14)\n",
    "    .encode(\n",
    "        alt.X(\"year_month\", type=\"temporal\"),\n",
    "        alt.Y(\n",
    "            \"y_axis_annotations\",\n",
    "            type=\"quantitative\",\n",
    "            axis=alt.Axis(labels=False, title=None, ticks=False),\n",
    "        ),\n",
    "        alt.Text(\"annotations\", type=\"nominal\"),\n",
    "    )\n",
    ").properties(width=width_ch, height=height_ch)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 457,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>year_month</th>\n",
       "      <th>y_axis_annotations</th>\n",
       "      <th>annotations</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>Negative Attitude of Russians toward Ukraine</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  year_month  y_axis_annotations                                   annotations\n",
       "0    2017-01                  70  Negative Attitude of Russians toward Ukraine"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 457,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# creating a dummy dataframe to create the legend for ATTITUDE in the final chart\n",
    "\n",
    "legend_attitude = pd.DataFrame(\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        \"year_month\": [\"2017-01\"],\n",
    "        \"y_axis_annotations\": [70],\n",
    "        \"annotations\": [\"Negative Attitude of Russians toward Ukraine\"],\n",
    "    }\n",
    ")\n",
    "legend_attitude\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 487,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# ch4: Chart4 Legend Attitude\n",
    "\n",
    "ch4 = (\n",
    "    alt.Chart(legend_attitude)\n",
    "    .mark_text(color=\"#E2BA41\", size=13, fontStyle=\"bold\", dx=-255, dy=10)\n",
    "    .encode(\n",
    "        alt.X(\"year_month\", type=\"temporal\"),\n",
    "        alt.Y(\n",
    "            \"y_axis_annotations\",\n",
    "            type=\"quantitative\",\n",
    "            axis=alt.Axis(labels=False, title=None, ticks=False),\n",
    "        ),\n",
    "        alt.Text(\"annotations\", type=\"nominal\"),\n",
    "    ).properties(width=width_ch, height=height_ch)\n",
    ")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 484,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>year_month</th>\n",
       "      <th>y_axis_annotations</th>\n",
       "      <th>annotations</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>2018-06</td>\n",
       "      <td>170</td>\n",
       "      <td>Total Monthly Video Duration of News Articles ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  year_month  y_axis_annotations  \\\n",
       "0    2018-06                 170   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                         annotations  \n",
       "0  Total Monthly Video Duration of News Articles ...  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 484,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# creating a dummy dataframe to create the legend for Video Duration in the final chart\n",
    "\n",
    "legend_duration = pd.DataFrame(\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        \"year_month\": [\"2018-06\"],\n",
    "        \"y_axis_annotations\": [170],\n",
    "        \"annotations\": [\n",
    "            \"Total Monthly Video Duration of News Articles Featuring UKRAINE in Title, Tags, or Description\"\n",
    "        ],\n",
    "    }\n",
    ")\n",
    "legend_duration\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 490,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# ch5: Chart5 Legend Video Duration\n",
    "\n",
    "ch5 = (\n",
    "    alt.Chart(legend_duration)\n",
    "    .mark_text(color=\"#76AAAC\", size=13, fontStyle=\"bold\", opacity=1, dx=-197, dy=10)\n",
    "    .encode(\n",
    "        alt.X(\"year_month\", type=\"temporal\"),\n",
    "        alt.Y(\n",
    "            \"y_axis_annotations\",\n",
    "            type=\"quantitative\",\n",
    "            axis=alt.Axis(labels=False, title=None, ticks=False),\n",
    "        ),\n",
    "        alt.Text(\"annotations\", type=\"nominal\"),\n",
    "    )\n",
    ")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 491,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "\n",
       "<div id=\"altair-viz-a048a0f3f5434fa895c3160a2becf9e9\"></div>\n",
       "<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n",
       "  var VEGA_DEBUG = (typeof VEGA_DEBUG == \"undefined\") ? {} : VEGA_DEBUG;\n",
       "  (function(spec, embedOpt){\n",
       "    let outputDiv = document.currentScript.previousElementSibling;\n",
       "    if (outputDiv.id !== \"altair-viz-a048a0f3f5434fa895c3160a2becf9e9\") {\n",
       "      outputDiv = document.getElementById(\"altair-viz-a048a0f3f5434fa895c3160a2becf9e9\");\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    const paths = {\n",
       "      \"vega\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega@5?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lib\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lib?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lite\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lite@4.17.0?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-embed\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-embed@6?noext\",\n",
       "    };\n",
       "\n",
       "    function maybeLoadScript(lib, version) {\n",
       "      var key = `${lib.replace(\"-\", \"\")}_version`;\n",
       "      return (VEGA_DEBUG[key] == version) ?\n",
       "        Promise.resolve(paths[lib]) :\n",
       "        new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n",
       "          var s = document.createElement('script');\n",
       "          document.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0].appendChild(s);\n",
       "          s.async = true;\n",
       "          s.onload = () => {\n",
       "            VEGA_DEBUG[key] = version;\n",
       "            return resolve(paths[lib]);\n",
       "          };\n",
       "          s.onerror = () => reject(`Error loading script: ${paths[lib]}`);\n",
       "          s.src = paths[lib];\n",
       "        });\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function showError(err) {\n",
       "      outputDiv.innerHTML = `<div class=\"error\" style=\"color:red;\">${err}</div>`;\n",
       "      throw err;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
       "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
       "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
       "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
       "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"4.17.0\"))\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
       "        .catch(showError)\n",
       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 400, \"continuousHeight\": 300, \"stroke\": \"#897C57\", \"strokeWidth\": 1.2}}, \"layer\": [{\"data\": {\"name\": \"data-c525414bfbfb39b7868a189a1da0b424\"}, \"mark\": {\"type\": \"area\", \"color\": \"#E2BA41\", \"fillOpacity\": 1}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"axis\": {\"format\": \"%Y-%m\", \"grid\": false, \"labelAngle\": -45, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true}, \"field\": \"Date\", \"title\": null, \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"domain\": false, \"format\": \"%\", \"grid\": false, \"gridWidth\": 0.5, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"title\": \"Negative Attitude of Russians toward Ukraine\", \"titleColor\": \"#897C57\", \"titleFontSize\": 35, \"titleFontStyle\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\"}, \"field\": \"Negative\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}, \"height\": 300, \"title\": {\"text\": [\"Negative Attitude of Russians towrad Ukraine, source: Levada Center\"], \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\", \"fontSize\": 24, \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"width\": 800}, {\"layer\": [{\"mark\": {\"type\": \"area\", \"color\": \"#3C8689\", \"fillOpacity\": 0.7}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"axis\": {\"format\": \"%Y-%m\", \"grid\": false, \"labelAngle\": -45, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"title\": null}, \"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"domain\": false, \"grid\": false, \"gridWidth\": 0.5, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 18, \"ticks\": true, \"titleColor\": \"#897C57\", \"titleFontSize\": 35, \"titleFontStyle\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\"}, \"field\": \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"line\", \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"point\", \"color\": \"#897C57\", \"filled\": true, \"opacity\": 1, \"size\": 60}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}], \"data\": {\"name\": \"data-29fe8db5cd66c9112d099a9fde6c5433\"}, \"height\": 300, \"title\": {\"text\": [\"Sum of Video Duration (hours) featuring Ukraine in Title, Tags, or Description\"], \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\", \"fontSize\": 24, \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"width\": 800}, {\"data\": {\"name\": \"data-e56afccc4f681d668a90f8c3a8e084f3\"}, \"mark\": {\"type\": \"text\", \"color\": \"#897C57\", \"dy\": 230, \"fontStyle\": \"bold\", \"size\": 14}, \"encoding\": {\"text\": {\"field\": \"annotations\", \"type\": \"nominal\"}, \"x\": {\"field\": 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\"Year\": 2011, \"Date\": \"2011-04-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2011-04\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 65, \"Month.Year\": 5.2011, \"Positive\": 0.65, \"Negative\": 0.27, \"Difficult to answer\": 8.0, \"Month\": 5, \"Year\": 2011, \"Date\": \"2011-05-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2011-05\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 66, \"Month.Year\": 7.2011, \"Positive\": 0.65, \"Negative\": 0.26, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 7, \"Year\": 2011, \"Date\": \"2011-07-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2011-07\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 67, \"Month.Year\": 9.2011, \"Positive\": 0.68, \"Negative\": 0.23, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 9, \"Year\": 2011, \"Date\": \"2011-09-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2011-09\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 68, \"Month.Year\": 11.2011, \"Positive\": 0.66, \"Negative\": 0.21, \"Difficult to answer\": 13.0, \"Month\": 11, \"Year\": 2011, \"Date\": \"2011-11-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2011-11\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 69, \"Month.Year\": 1.2012, \"Positive\": 0.64, \"Negative\": 0.24, \"Difficult to answer\": 12.0, \"Month\": 1, \"Year\": 2012, \"Date\": \"2012-01-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2012-01\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 70, \"Month.Year\": 3.2012, \"Positive\": 0.65, \"Negative\": 0.24, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 3, \"Year\": 2012, \"Date\": \"2012-03-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2012-03\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 71, \"Month.Year\": 5.2012, \"Positive\": 0.66, \"Negative\": 0.24, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 5, \"Year\": 2012, \"Date\": \"2012-05-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2012-05\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 72, \"Month.Year\": 7.2012, \"Positive\": 0.71, \"Negative\": 0.22, \"Difficult to answer\": 7.0, \"Month\": 7, \"Year\": 2012, \"Date\": \"2012-07-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2012-07\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 73, \"Month.Year\": 9.2012, \"Positive\": 0.74, \"Negative\": 0.16, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 9, \"Year\": 2012, \"Date\": \"2012-09-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2012-09\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 74, \"Month.Year\": 11.2012, \"Positive\": 0.69, \"Negative\": 0.22, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 11, \"Year\": 2012, \"Date\": \"2012-11-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2012-11\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 75, \"Month.Year\": 1.2013, \"Positive\": 0.73, \"Negative\": 0.18, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 1, \"Year\": 2013, \"Date\": \"2013-01-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2013-01\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 76, \"Month.Year\": 3.2013, \"Positive\": 0.69, \"Negative\": 0.22, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 3, \"Year\": 2012, \"Date\": \"2012-03-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2012-03\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 77, \"Month.Year\": 5.2013, \"Positive\": 0.72, \"Negative\": 0.18, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 5, \"Year\": 2013, \"Date\": \"2013-05-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2013-05\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 78, \"Month.Year\": 7.2013, \"Positive\": 0.77, \"Negative\": 0.18, \"Difficult to answer\": 6.0, \"Month\": 7, \"Year\": 2013, \"Date\": 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\"2015-09\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 93, \"Month.Year\": 11.2015, \"Positive\": 0.27, \"Negative\": 0.63, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 11, \"Year\": 2015, \"Date\": \"2015-11-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2015-11\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 94, \"Month.Year\": 1.2016, \"Positive\": 0.28, \"Negative\": 0.59, \"Difficult to answer\": 14.0, \"Month\": 1, \"Year\": 2016, \"Date\": \"2016-01-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2016-01\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 95, \"Month.Year\": 3.2016, \"Positive\": 0.25, \"Negative\": 0.64, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 3, \"Year\": 2016, \"Date\": \"2016-03-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2016-03\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 96, \"Month.Year\": 5.2016, \"Positive\": 0.26, \"Negative\": 0.63, \"Difficult to answer\": 12.0, \"Month\": 5, \"Year\": 2016, \"Date\": \"2016-05-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2016-05\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 97, \"Month.Year\": 5.2016, \"Positive\": 0.39, \"Negative\": 0.47, \"Difficult to answer\": 13.0, \"Month\": 5, \"Year\": 2016, \"Date\": \"2016-05-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2016-05\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 98, \"Month.Year\": 7.2016, \"Positive\": 0.31, \"Negative\": 0.58, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 7, \"Year\": 2016, \"Date\": \"2016-07-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2016-07\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 99, \"Month.Year\": 9.2016, \"Positive\": 0.27, \"Negative\": 0.56, \"Difficult to answer\": 17.0, \"Month\": 9, \"Year\": 2015, \"Date\": \"2015-09-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2015-09\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 100, \"Month.Year\": 11.2016, \"Positive\": 0.34, \"Negative\": 0.51, \"Difficult to answer\": 16.0, \"Month\": 11, \"Year\": 2015, \"Date\": \"2015-11-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2015-11\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 101, \"Month.Year\": 1.2017, \"Positive\": 0.34, \"Negative\": 0.54, \"Difficult to answer\": 13.0, \"Month\": 1, \"Year\": 2017, \"Date\": \"2017-01-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2017-01\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 102, \"Month.Year\": 3.2017, \"Positive\": 0.33, \"Negative\": 0.56, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 3, \"Year\": 2017, \"Date\": \"2017-03-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2017-03\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 103, \"Month.Year\": 5.2017, \"Positive\": 0.26, \"Negative\": 0.59, \"Difficult to answer\": 15.0, \"Month\": 5, \"Year\": 2017, \"Date\": \"2017-05-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2017-05\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 104, \"Month.Year\": 9.2017, \"Positive\": 0.32, \"Negative\": 0.53, \"Difficult to answer\": 15.0, \"Month\": 9, \"Year\": 2017, \"Date\": \"2017-09-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2017-09\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 105, \"Month.Year\": 12.2017, \"Positive\": 0.28, \"Negative\": 0.56, \"Difficult to answer\": 17.0, \"Month\": 12, \"Year\": 2017, \"Date\": \"2017-12-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2017-12\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 106, \"Month.Year\": 1.2018, \"Positive\": 0.35, \"Negative\": 0.47, \"Difficult to answer\": 18.0, \"Month\": 1, \"Year\": 2018, \"Date\": \"2018-01-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2018-01\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 107, \"Month.Year\": 3.2018, \"Positive\": 0.33, \"Negative\": 0.45, \"Difficult to answer\": 12.0, \"Month\": 3, \"Year\": 2018, \"Date\": \"2018-03-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2018-03\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 108, \"Month.Year\": 7.2018, \"Positive\": 0.36, \"Negative\": 0.49, \"Difficult to answer\": 15.0, \"Month\": 7, \"Year\": 2018, \"Date\": \"2018-07-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2018-07\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 109, \"Month.Year\": 9.2018, \"Positive\": 0.33, \"Negative\": 0.56, \"Difficult to answer\": 12.0, \"Month\": 9, \"Year\": 2018, \"Date\": \"2018-09-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2018-09\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 110, \"Month.Year\": 11.2018, \"Positive\": 0.28, \"Negative\": 0.61, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 11, \"Year\": 2018, \"Date\": \"2018-11-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2018-11\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 111, \"Month.Year\": 2.2019, \"Positive\": 0.34, \"Negative\": 0.56, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 2, \"Year\": 2019, \"Date\": \"2019-02-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2019-02\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 112, \"Month.Year\": 5.2019, \"Positive\": 0.37, \"Negative\": 0.49, \"Difficult to answer\": 14.0, \"Month\": 5, \"Year\": 2019, \"Date\": \"2019-05-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2019-05\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 113, \"Month.Year\": 9.2019, \"Positive\": 0.56, \"Negative\": 0.31, \"Difficult to answer\": 13.0, \"Month\": 9, \"Year\": 2019, \"Date\": \"2019-09-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2019-09\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 114, \"Month.Year\": 1.202, \"Positive\": 0.41, \"Negative\": 0.47, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 1, \"Year\": 2020, \"Date\": \"2020-01-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2020-01\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 115, \"Month.Year\": 8.202, \"Positive\": 0.48, \"Negative\": 0.43, \"Difficult to answer\": 8.0, \"Month\": 8, \"Year\": 2020, \"Date\": \"2020-08-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2020-08\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 116, \"Month.Year\": 2.2021, \"Positive\": 0.55, \"Negative\": 0.31, \"Difficult to answer\": 13.0, \"Month\": 2, \"Year\": 2021, \"Date\": \"2021-02-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2021-02\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 117, \"Month.Year\": 3.2021, \"Positive\": 0.5, \"Negative\": 0.35, \"Difficult to answer\": 15.0, \"Month\": 3, \"Year\": 2021, \"Date\": \"2021-03-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2021-03\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 118, \"Month.Year\": 5.2021, \"Positive\": 0.33, \"Negative\": 0.55, \"Difficult to answer\": 13.0, \"Month\": 5, \"Year\": 2021, \"Date\": \"2021-05-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2021-05\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 119, \"Month.Year\": 8.2021, \"Positive\": 0.39, \"Negative\": 0.49, \"Difficult to answer\": 12.0, \"Month\": 8, \"Year\": 2021, \"Date\": \"2021-08-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2021-08\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 120, \"Month.Year\": 11.2021, \"Positive\": 0.45, \"Negative\": 0.43, \"Difficult to answer\": 12.0, \"Month\": 11, \"Year\": 2021, \"Date\": \"2021-11-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2021-11\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 121, \"Month.Year\": 2.2022, \"Positive\": 0.35, \"Negative\": 0.52, \"Difficult to answer\": 13.0, \"Month\": 2, \"Year\": 2022, \"Date\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2022-02\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 122, \"Month.Year\": 3.2022, \"Positive\": 0.3, \"Negative\": 0.57, \"Difficult to answer\": 13.0, \"Month\": 3, \"Year\": 2022, \"Date\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2022-03\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 123, \"Month.Year\": 5.2022, \"Positive\": 0.23, \"Negative\": 0.66, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 5, \"Year\": 2022, \"Date\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2022-05\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 124, \"Month.Year\": 8.2022, \"Positive\": 0.23, \"Negative\": 0.66, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 8, \"Year\": 2022, \"Date\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2022-08\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 125, \"Month.Year\": 11.2022, \"Positive\": 0.2, \"Negative\": 0.7, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 11, \"Year\": 2022, \"Date\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2022-11\"}], \"data-29fe8db5cd66c9112d099a9fde6c5433\": [{\"year_month\": \"2011-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 54, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.167777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2011-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 56, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.6194444444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2011-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 63, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.27}, {\"year_month\": \"2011-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 49, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.352777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2011-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 83, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.1766666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2011-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 57, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.9683333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2011-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 66, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.313888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2011-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 79, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.403888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2011-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 115, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.751388888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2011-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 118, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.773333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2011-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 85, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.843611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2011-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 166, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.215833333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 47, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.9269444444444443}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 111, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.717777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 65, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.4344444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 109, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.76}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 110, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.438888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 123, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.9925}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 112, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.7891666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 65, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.3561111111111113}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 65, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.2197222222222224}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 55, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.0569444444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 66, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.323611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2012-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 114, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.121388888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 65, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.343611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 71, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.569722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 65, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.367777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 76, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.5269444444444447}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 75, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.948888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 70, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.9897222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2013-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of 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{\"year_month\": \"2014-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1085, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 47.327222222222225}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 915, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 39.78944444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1062, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 42.195}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 887, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 34.67472222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1082, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 43.81861111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 974, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 38.20666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 861, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 34.388333333333335}, {\"year_month\": \"2014-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 794, \"Sum of Video 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\"Count of News Articles\": 501, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 17.716666666666665}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 466, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 17.183611111111112}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 419, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 15.518611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 268, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 11.335555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 225, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 10.479722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 172, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.12111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 261, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 11.716111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 159, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.128333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 204, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.432777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 192, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.195277777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 198, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 9.708333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 196, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.824166666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 144, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.508611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 190, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.308333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 169, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.528333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 153, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.398055555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 222, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 10.696388888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 197, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.229722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 171, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.758333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 117, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.108055555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 342, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 13.479166666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 291, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 10.907222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 168, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.114722222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 185, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.505555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 145, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.347777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 162, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 9.192222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 168, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.298611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 128, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.323611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 166, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.877222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 125, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.012777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 171, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.1930555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 118, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.514444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 129, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.804444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 112, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.416666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 114, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.808611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 181, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.896944444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 118, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.343333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 105, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.731944444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 113, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.9344444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 102, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.2825}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 132, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.833055555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 241, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 17.66611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 200, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 17.316388888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 137, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.883333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 132, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.331666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 161, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.708611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 206, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 11.390555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 181, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.4825}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 183, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 11.143055555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 202, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 7.979166666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 109, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.2325}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 115, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.744166666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 182, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.792222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 156, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.757777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 191, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 11.309166666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 123, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.510277777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 122, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.916666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 113, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.49}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 38, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.5238888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 53, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.7241666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 53, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.1638888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 82, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.8030555555555554}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 76, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.902222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 78, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.4863888888888885}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 71, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.4191666666666665}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 44, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.6330555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 51, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.5516666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 67, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.443611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 69, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.966388888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 54, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 2.983611111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 109, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 4.789444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 90, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.301944444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 129, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.8}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 106, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.979722222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 61, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.7680555555555557}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 98, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.206111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 105, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 6.833333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 100, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.448888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 139, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 8.20138888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 192, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 10.402222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 737, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 36.992777777777775}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1944, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 75.41361111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1340, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 47.04638888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1163, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 39.57944444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 946, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 34.19}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 926, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 33.27527777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 917, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 32.41777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 735, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 33.128055555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 790, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 30.088333333333335}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 789, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 28.842777777777776}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 711, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 25.822777777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 599, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 21.497777777777777}], \"data-e56afccc4f681d668a90f8c3a8e084f3\": [{\"year_month\": \"2014-07\", \"y_axis_annotations\": 0, \"annotations\": \"Crimean annexation\"}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07\", \"y_axis_annotations\": 0, \"annotations\": \"Invasion of Ukraine\"}], \"data-480bb334d27e9cfc66c8fa35f757d4df\": [{\"year_month\": \"2017-01\", \"y_axis_annotations\": 70, \"annotations\": \"Negative Attitude of Russians toward Ukraine\"}], \"data-be34454bab24391715862c9806445ff5\": [{\"year_month\": \"2018-06\", \"y_axis_annotations\": 170, \"annotations\": \"Total Monthly Video Duration of News Articles Featuring UKRAINE in Title, Tags, or Description\"}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 491,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# final chart comparing attitude and video duration featuring Ukraine\n",
    "chart_a = (\n",
    "    alt.layer(ch1, ch2, ch3, ch4, ch5)\n",
    "    .configure_view(strokeWidth=1.2, stroke=\"#897C57\")\n",
    "    .properties(\n",
    "        title={\n",
    "            \"text\": [\n",
    "                \"Negative Attitude of Russians toward Ukraine, source: Levada Center\",\n",
    "                \"vs\",\n",
    "                \"Total Monthly Video Duration of News Articles Featuring UKRAINE in Title, Tags, or Description\",\n",
    "            ],\n",
    "            \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\",\n",
    "            \"fontSize\": 22,\n",
    "            \"color\": \"#897C57\",\n",
    "        }\n",
    "    )\n",
    "    .resolve_scale(y=\"independent\")\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "chart_a\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Computing the correlation coefficient. First, we need to join the two dataframes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 496,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>year_month</th>\n",
       "      <th>Count of News Articles</th>\n",
       "      <th>Sum of Video Duration (hours)</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>2006-09-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.887222</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2006-10-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.731111</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>2006-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.941389</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>2006-12-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.280278</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>2007-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.822778</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>192</th>\n",
       "      <td>2022-09-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>735</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.128056</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>193</th>\n",
       "      <td>2022-10-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>790</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.088333</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>194</th>\n",
       "      <td>2022-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>789</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.842778</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>195</th>\n",
       "      <td>2022-12-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>711</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.822778</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>196</th>\n",
       "      <td>2023-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>599</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.497778</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>197 rows × 3 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    year_month  Count of News Articles  Sum of Video Duration (hours)\n",
       "0   2006-09-01                      43                       1.887222\n",
       "1   2006-10-01                      50                       2.731111\n",
       "2   2006-11-01                      49                       1.941389\n",
       "3   2006-12-01                      49                       2.280278\n",
       "4   2007-01-01                      44                       1.822778\n",
       "..         ...                     ...                            ...\n",
       "192 2022-09-01                     735                      33.128056\n",
       "193 2022-10-01                     790                      30.088333\n",
       "194 2022-11-01                     789                      28.842778\n",
       "195 2022-12-01                     711                      25.822778\n",
       "196 2023-01-01                     599                      21.497778\n",
       "\n",
       "[197 rows x 3 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 496,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_scr_ukr = masking_df_with_word(df_scraped, token_dict_ukraine)\n",
    "df_scr_ukr = grouping(df_scr_ukr, 'year_month')\n",
    "df_scr_ukr"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 495,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      <th>Negative</th>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-02-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-02</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.53</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.37</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-03-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-03</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.56</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.35</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-04-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-04</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.55</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.35</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-05-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-05</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.56</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.33</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-06-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-06</td>\n",
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       "      <th>121</th>\n",
       "      <td>121</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.35</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.52</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-02-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-02</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>122</th>\n",
       "      <td>122</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.57</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-03-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-03</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>123</th>\n",
       "      <td>123</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.23</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.66</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-05-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-05</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0.23</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.66</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-08-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-08</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>125</th>\n",
       "      <td>125</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>101 rows × 9 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     Unnamed: 0  Month.Year  Positive  Negative  Difficult to answer  Month  \\\n",
       "25           25      2.2006      0.50      0.40                 10.0      2   \n",
       "26           26      3.2006      0.53      0.37                 10.0      3   \n",
       "27           27      4.2006      0.56      0.35                 10.0      4   \n",
       "28           28      5.2006      0.55      0.35                 10.0      5   \n",
       "29           29      6.2006      0.56      0.33                 11.0      6   \n",
       "..          ...         ...       ...       ...                  ...    ...   \n",
       "121         121      2.2022      0.35      0.52                 13.0      2   \n",
       "122         122      3.2022      0.30      0.57                 13.0      3   \n",
       "123         123      5.2022      0.23      0.66                 11.0      5   \n",
       "124         124      8.2022      0.23      0.66                 11.0      8   \n",
       "125         125     11.2022      0.20      0.70                 10.0     11   \n",
       "\n",
       "     Year       Date year_month  \n",
       "25   2006 2006-02-01    2006-02  \n",
       "26   2006 2006-03-01    2006-03  \n",
       "27   2006 2006-04-01    2006-04  \n",
       "28   2006 2006-05-01    2006-05  \n",
       "29   2006 2006-06-01    2006-06  \n",
       "..    ...        ...        ...  \n",
       "121  2022 2022-02-01    2022-02  \n",
       "122  2022 2022-03-01    2022-03  \n",
       "123  2022 2022-05-01    2022-05  \n",
       "124  2022 2022-08-01    2022-08  \n",
       "125  2022 2022-11-01    2022-11  \n",
       "\n",
       "[101 rows x 9 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 495,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_attitude_ukr"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 498,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>year_month_x</th>\n",
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       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>2006-10-01</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0.66</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.24</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>2006-12-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.280278</td>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.64</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.27</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-12-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006-12</td>\n",
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       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>2007-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.822778</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.67</td>\n",
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       "      <td>2007-01</td>\n",
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       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>2007-02-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
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       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.61</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.29</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007-02-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007-02</td>\n",
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       "      <th>89</th>\n",
       "      <td>2022-02-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>737</td>\n",
       "      <td>36.992778</td>\n",
       "      <td>121</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.35</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.52</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-02-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-02</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>90</th>\n",
       "      <td>2022-03-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>1944</td>\n",
       "      <td>75.413611</td>\n",
       "      <td>122</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.57</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-03-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-03</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>91</th>\n",
       "      <td>2022-05-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>1163</td>\n",
       "      <td>39.579444</td>\n",
       "      <td>123</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.23</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.66</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-05-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-05</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>92</th>\n",
       "      <td>2022-08-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>917</td>\n",
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       "      <td>124</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.23</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.66</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-08-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-08</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>93</th>\n",
       "      <td>2022-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>789</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.842778</td>\n",
       "      <td>125</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-11-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>94 rows × 12 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   year_month_x  Count of News Articles  Sum of Video Duration (hours)  \\\n",
       "0    2006-10-01                      50                       2.731111   \n",
       "1    2006-11-01                      49                       1.941389   \n",
       "2    2006-12-01                      49                       2.280278   \n",
       "3    2007-01-01                      44                       1.822778   \n",
       "4    2007-02-01                      31                       2.508333   \n",
       "..          ...                     ...                            ...   \n",
       "89   2022-02-01                     737                      36.992778   \n",
       "90   2022-03-01                    1944                      75.413611   \n",
       "91   2022-05-01                    1163                      39.579444   \n",
       "92   2022-08-01                     917                      32.417778   \n",
       "93   2022-11-01                     789                      28.842778   \n",
       "\n",
       "    Unnamed: 0  Month.Year  Positive  Negative  Difficult to answer  Month  \\\n",
       "0           32     10.2006      0.61      0.31                  9.0     10   \n",
       "1           33     11.2006      0.66      0.24                  9.0     11   \n",
       "2           34     12.2006      0.64      0.27                  9.0     12   \n",
       "3           35      1.2007      0.67      0.24                  8.0      1   \n",
       "4           36      2.2007      0.61      0.29                 11.0      2   \n",
       "..         ...         ...       ...       ...                  ...    ...   \n",
       "89         121      2.2022      0.35      0.52                 13.0      2   \n",
       "90         122      3.2022      0.30      0.57                 13.0      3   \n",
       "91         123      5.2022      0.23      0.66                 11.0      5   \n",
       "92         124      8.2022      0.23      0.66                 11.0      8   \n",
       "93         125     11.2022      0.20      0.70                 10.0     11   \n",
       "\n",
       "    Year       Date year_month_y  \n",
       "0   2006 2006-10-01      2006-10  \n",
       "1   2006 2006-11-01      2006-11  \n",
       "2   2006 2006-12-01      2006-12  \n",
       "3   2007 2007-01-01      2007-01  \n",
       "4   2007 2007-02-01      2007-02  \n",
       "..   ...        ...          ...  \n",
       "89  2022 2022-02-01      2022-02  \n",
       "90  2022 2022-03-01      2022-03  \n",
       "91  2022 2022-05-01      2022-05  \n",
       "92  2022 2022-08-01      2022-08  \n",
       "93  2022 2022-11-01      2022-11  \n",
       "\n",
       "[94 rows x 12 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 498,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_merge = pd.merge(df_scr_ukr, df_attitude_ukr, left_on='year_month', right_on='Date')\n",
    "df_merge"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 504,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    " from scipy import stats"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 508,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([-1.01714600e+00, -1.90263506e+00, -2.78730327e+00, -3.39241524e+00,\n",
       "       -3.89823927e+00, -4.02187242e+00, -3.79752404e+00, -4.00235586e+00,\n",
       "       -3.71622541e+00, -3.49112605e+00, -3.67014474e+00, -4.15016657e+00,\n",
       "       -3.65024178e+00, -3.68076956e+00, -4.41834404e+00, -5.31117054e+00,\n",
       "       -5.62494620e+00, -5.65634285e+00, -5.96313692e+00, -5.82587726e+00,\n",
       "       -4.89359147e+00, -5.20734748e+00, -5.70848219e+00, -6.54281438e+00,\n",
       "       -7.30559508e+00, -8.51902905e+00, -8.41867708e+00, -9.12612243e+00,\n",
       "       -1.06393610e+01, -1.14903787e+01, -1.14514464e+01, -1.23096335e+01,\n",
       "       -1.35756346e+01, -1.27574055e+01, -1.28555181e+01, -1.30632993e+01,\n",
       "       -1.40009407e+01, -1.44323818e+01, -1.52759616e+01, -1.57317356e+01,\n",
       "       -1.55569199e+01, -1.47370884e+01, -1.38506196e+01, -1.35270291e+01,\n",
       "       -1.32070844e+01, -1.22087377e+01, -1.24452814e+01, -1.15494470e+01,\n",
       "       -1.14687736e+01, -1.10395445e+01, -1.00351986e+01, -8.39166578e+00,\n",
       "       -1.79607938e+00,  3.60485132e+00,  9.79070470e+00,  1.21925502e+01,\n",
       "        1.22341022e+01,  1.01941224e+01,  9.44446000e+00,  9.86746940e+00,\n",
       "        6.73369361e+00,  2.38268655e+00,  2.68843265e-01,  2.51040845e-01,\n",
       "       -1.95527252e+00,  1.87053365e-01,  4.26324762e+00,  6.73919670e+00,\n",
       "        1.04559241e+01,  9.93871949e+00,  1.07344734e+01,  8.83740009e+00,\n",
       "        1.10019981e+01,  1.10720397e+01,  1.31840815e+01,  1.40545568e+01,\n",
       "        1.35225835e+01,  1.52405669e+01,  1.52545965e+01,  1.73890413e+01,\n",
       "        2.01892633e+01,  2.21313498e+01,  1.96198068e+01,  2.08354081e+01,\n",
       "        2.11517179e+01,  2.17791255e+01,  2.30795364e+01,  2.37048723e+01,\n",
       "        2.60945906e+01,  3.08132529e+01,  4.06933686e+01,  4.61086620e+01,\n",
       "        4.90449596e+01,  4.30229330e+01,  3.08596881e+01,  1.95208715e+01,\n",
       "        1.30187092e+01,  6.20436187e+00,  1.36275759e+00, -4.46723541e+00,\n",
       "       -3.30126884e+00, -7.07756026e+00, -1.02834547e+01, -7.88634825e+00,\n",
       "       -4.23554384e+00, -4.90180106e-01,  3.32489901e-01, -2.50133892e+00,\n",
       "       -6.46251592e+00, -7.42912023e+00, -6.80095896e+00, -5.35872610e+00,\n",
       "       -1.78700056e+00, -1.29733592e+00, -2.06811944e+00, -3.96368161e+00,\n",
       "       -5.15903895e+00, -1.03925403e+00,  2.81115451e+00,  4.15818185e+00,\n",
       "        7.58481776e+00,  1.40279535e+01,  1.17954477e+01,  1.73829760e+01,\n",
       "        2.31823404e+01,  2.94173011e+01,  3.29942007e+01,  3.02917100e+01,\n",
       "        2.66744496e+01,  2.29089057e+01,  1.75654017e+01,  7.58210125e+00,\n",
       "        1.22781825e-01, -7.34777845e+00, -9.26279651e+00, -9.81749341e+00,\n",
       "       -4.36576778e+00, -8.72629929e+00, -5.34564627e+00, -1.04560419e+01,\n",
       "       -1.58021000e+01, -1.83843710e+01, -2.22411603e+01, -2.23754990e+01,\n",
       "       -2.42519982e+01, -2.33217554e+01, -2.12019653e+01, -1.98981920e+01,\n",
       "       -1.83684643e+01, -1.40705309e+01, -1.43242727e+01, -1.52420212e+01,\n",
       "       -1.56165131e+01, -1.68810991e+01, -1.79679296e+01, -1.70445875e+01,\n",
       "       -1.35123152e+01, -7.43992203e+00, -2.45851952e+00, -4.20488758e-02,\n",
       "       -1.81698974e+00,  6.06926829e+00,  8.88055695e+00,  1.13089059e+01,\n",
       "        8.01263718e+00,  2.87892377e+00,  3.14776966e-01, -4.77702069e+00,\n",
       "       -2.92148324e+00,  9.86620589e-01, -4.92959443e+00, -2.36602350e+00,\n",
       "        2.92448585e+00, -3.68728615e+00, -4.31040833e+00, -2.44785435e+00,\n",
       "       -2.89978561e+00, -5.18987980e+00, -5.51193554e+00, -7.81326184e+00,\n",
       "       -1.13408444e+01, -1.21198844e+01, -1.31525323e+01, -1.04026895e+01,\n",
       "       -5.77345788e+00, -3.28622165e+00, -1.10862276e+00])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 508,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.correlate(stats.zscore(df_merge['Count of News Articles']), stats.zscore(df_merge['Negative']), mode='full')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Comparing *Negative Attitude of Russians toward Ukraine* vs *Monthly Video Durating Featuring Ukraine and Nationalist*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 284,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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Video Duration (hours)\": 1.4333333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 11, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.1238888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 10, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.9941666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.9905555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 15, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.0580555555555555}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.14222222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 8, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.4113888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2222222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2015-12-01T00:00:00\", 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\"2016-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.009722222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 11, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.0541666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.42777777777777776}, {\"year_month\": \"2016-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.042222222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.31805555555555554}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 12, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.25}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 17, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.1091666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.3113888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.35}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.06861111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.0225}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.26472222222222225}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 10, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.9847222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 17, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.4411111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2017-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.028055555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2375}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.11138888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.17166666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.22027777777777777}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.0175}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.1436111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5880555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 8, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5041666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2018-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5041666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5844444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.12861111111111112}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.7408333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.415}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6477777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.8975}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 11, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.0125}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.16805555555555557}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 9, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.7211111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.0661111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2019-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 5, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.43694444444444447}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.06472222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.3630555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.017777777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.09111111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.013888888888888888}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.22305555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2020-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.010833333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.021944444444444444}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.09638888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 4, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.23833333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.013055555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.37222222222222223}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.3186111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.8286111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.10722222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.03972222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.15916666666666668}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-11-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.1436111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.12111111111111111}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.30444444444444446}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-02-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 42, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 3.935277777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-03-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 102, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 5.9325}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-04-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 46, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.2922222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-05-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 27, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.825}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-06-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 16, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.47444444444444445}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 23, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5583333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 8, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.19111111111111112}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 23, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5691666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.02388888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.02666666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.04111111111111111}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.LayerChart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 284,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ch2bis = get_chart(\n",
    "    df_scraped,\n",
    "    token_dict_ukraine,\n",
    "    \"year_month\",\n",
    "    \"Count of News Articles\",\n",
    "    '2011',\n",
    "    width_chart=1000,\n",
    "    slogan2=token_dict_nationalist,\n",
    ").properties(\n",
    "    title={\n",
    "        \"text\": [\n",
    "            \"Monthly Count of Video Duration (hours) Featuring Ukraine & Nationalists in Title, Tags, or Description\"\n",
    "        ],\n",
    "        \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\",\n",
    "        \"fontSize\": 16,\n",
    "        \"color\": \"#897C57\",\n",
    "    }\n",
    ")\n",
    "ch2bis\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 280,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>year_month</th>\n",
       "      <th>y_axis_annotations</th>\n",
       "      <th>annotations</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>2018-06</td>\n",
       "      <td>120</td>\n",
       "      <td>Monthly Count of News Articles Featuring UKRAI...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  year_month  y_axis_annotations  \\\n",
       "0    2018-06                 120   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                         annotations  \n",
       "0  Monthly Count of News Articles Featuring UKRAI...  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 280,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "legend_count = pd.DataFrame(\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        \"year_month\": [\"2018-06\"],\n",
    "        \"y_axis_annotations\": [120],\n",
    "        \"annotations\": [\n",
    "            \"Monthly Count of News Articles Featuring UKRAINE & NATIONALIST in Title, Tags, or Description\"\n",
    "        ],\n",
    "    }\n",
    ")\n",
    "legend_count\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 285,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# ch5: Chart5 Legend Video Duration\n",
    "\n",
    "ch5_bis = (\n",
    "    alt.Chart(legend_count)\n",
    "    .mark_text(color=\"#76AAAC\", size=12, fontStyle=\"bold\", opacity=1, dx=-440, dy=25)\n",
    "    .encode(\n",
    "        alt.X(\"year_month\", type=\"temporal\"),\n",
    "        alt.Y(\n",
    "            \"y_axis_annotations\",\n",
    "            type=\"quantitative\",\n",
    "            axis=alt.Axis(labels=False, title=None, ticks=False),\n",
    "        ),\n",
    "        alt.Text(\"annotations\", type=\"nominal\"),\n",
    "    )\n",
    ")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 286,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "\n",
       "<div id=\"altair-viz-e55017c69f5f44af8dfb4f212c6d4ac0\"></div>\n",
       "<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n",
       "  var VEGA_DEBUG = (typeof VEGA_DEBUG == \"undefined\") ? {} : VEGA_DEBUG;\n",
       "  (function(spec, embedOpt){\n",
       "    let outputDiv = document.currentScript.previousElementSibling;\n",
       "    if (outputDiv.id !== \"altair-viz-e55017c69f5f44af8dfb4f212c6d4ac0\") {\n",
       "      outputDiv = document.getElementById(\"altair-viz-e55017c69f5f44af8dfb4f212c6d4ac0\");\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    const paths = {\n",
       "      \"vega\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega@5?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lib\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lib?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lite\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lite@4.17.0?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-embed\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-embed@6?noext\",\n",
       "    };\n",
       "\n",
       "    function maybeLoadScript(lib, version) {\n",
       "      var key = `${lib.replace(\"-\", \"\")}_version`;\n",
       "      return (VEGA_DEBUG[key] == version) ?\n",
       "        Promise.resolve(paths[lib]) :\n",
       "        new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n",
       "          var s = document.createElement('script');\n",
       "          document.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0].appendChild(s);\n",
       "          s.async = true;\n",
       "          s.onload = () => {\n",
       "            VEGA_DEBUG[key] = version;\n",
       "            return resolve(paths[lib]);\n",
       "          };\n",
       "          s.onerror = () => reject(`Error loading script: ${paths[lib]}`);\n",
       "          s.src = paths[lib];\n",
       "        });\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function showError(err) {\n",
       "      outputDiv.innerHTML = `<div class=\"error\" style=\"color:red;\">${err}</div>`;\n",
       "      throw err;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
       "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
       "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
       "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
       "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"4.17.0\"))\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
       "        .catch(showError)\n",
       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 400, \"continuousHeight\": 300, \"stroke\": \"#897C57\", \"strokeWidth\": 1.2}}, \"layer\": [{\"data\": {\"name\": \"data-c525414bfbfb39b7868a189a1da0b424\"}, \"mark\": {\"type\": \"area\", \"color\": \"#E2BA41\", \"fillOpacity\": 1}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"axis\": {\"format\": \"%Y-%m\", \"grid\": false, \"labelAngle\": -45, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 11, \"ticks\": true}, \"field\": \"Date\", \"title\": null, \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"domain\": false, \"format\": \"%\", \"grid\": false, \"gridWidth\": 0.5, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 11, \"ticks\": true, \"title\": \"Negative Attitude of Russians toward Ukraine\", \"titleColor\": \"#897C57\", \"titleFontStyle\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\"}, \"field\": \"Negative\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}, \"title\": {\"text\": [\"Negative Attitude of Russians towrad Ukraine, source: Levada Center\"], \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\", \"fontSize\": 16, \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"width\": 1000}, {\"layer\": [{\"mark\": {\"type\": \"area\", \"color\": \"#3C8689\", \"fillOpacity\": 0.7}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"axis\": {\"format\": \"%Y-%m\", \"grid\": false, \"labelAngle\": -45, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 11, \"ticks\": true, \"title\": null}, \"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"domain\": false, \"grid\": false, \"gridWidth\": 0.5, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 11, \"ticks\": true, \"titleColor\": \"#897C57\", \"titleFontStyle\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\"}, \"field\": \"Count of News Articles\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"line\", \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Count of News Articles\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"point\", \"color\": \"#897C57\", \"filled\": true, \"opacity\": 1, \"size\": 60}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Count of News Articles\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}], \"data\": {\"name\": \"data-c6b8c893635deeb0e7b727cac8675c04\"}, \"title\": {\"text\": [\"Monthly Count of Video Duration (hours) Featuring Ukraine & Nationalists in Title, Tags, or Description\"], \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\", \"fontSize\": 16, \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"width\": 1000}, {\"data\": {\"name\": \"data-e56afccc4f681d668a90f8c3a8e084f3\"}, \"mark\": {\"type\": \"text\", \"color\": \"#897C57\", \"dy\": 200, \"fontStyle\": \"bold\"}, \"encoding\": {\"text\": {\"field\": \"annotations\", \"type\": \"nominal\"}, \"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"labels\": false, \"ticks\": false, \"title\": null}, \"field\": \"y_axis_annotations\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"data\": {\"name\": \"data-480bb334d27e9cfc66c8fa35f757d4df\"}, \"mark\": {\"type\": \"text\", \"color\": \"#E2BA41\", \"dx\": -362, \"dy\": 10, \"fontStyle\": \"bold\", \"size\": 12}, \"encoding\": {\"text\": {\"field\": \"annotations\", \"type\": \"nominal\"}, \"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"labels\": false, \"ticks\": false, \"title\": null}, \"field\": \"y_axis_annotations\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"data\": {\"name\": \"data-0ae7200edb7de947d6cae726dcc26dce\"}, \"mark\": {\"type\": \"text\", \"color\": \"#76AAAC\", \"dx\": -440, \"dy\": 25, \"fontStyle\": \"bold\", \"opacity\": 1, \"size\": 12}, \"encoding\": {\"text\": {\"field\": \"annotations\", \"type\": \"nominal\"}, \"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"labels\": false, \"ticks\": false, \"title\": null}, \"field\": \"y_axis_annotations\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}], \"resolve\": {\"scale\": {\"y\": \"independent\"}}, \"title\": {\"text\": [\"Negative Attitude Towards Ukraine of Russian Population\", \"vs\", \"Monthly Count of News Articles Featuring UKRAINE & NATIONALIST in Title, Tags, or Description\"], \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\", \"fontSize\": 16, \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v4.17.0.json\", \"datasets\": {\"data-c525414bfbfb39b7868a189a1da0b424\": [{\"Unnamed: 0\": 63, \"Month.Year\": 1.2011, \"Positive\": 0.72, \"Negative\": 0.19, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 1, \"Year\": 2011, \"Date\": \"2011-01-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2011-01\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 64, \"Month.Year\": 4.2011, \"Positive\": 0.7, \"Negative\": 0.2, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 4, \"Year\": 2011, \"Date\": \"2011-04-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2011-04\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 65, \"Month.Year\": 5.2011, \"Positive\": 0.65, \"Negative\": 0.27, \"Difficult to answer\": 8.0, \"Month\": 5, \"Year\": 2011, \"Date\": \"2011-05-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2011-05\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 66, \"Month.Year\": 7.2011, \"Positive\": 0.65, \"Negative\": 0.26, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 7, \"Year\": 2011, \"Date\": \"2011-07-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2011-07\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 67, \"Month.Year\": 9.2011, \"Positive\": 0.68, \"Negative\": 0.23, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 9, \"Year\": 2011, \"Date\": \"2011-09-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2011-09\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 68, \"Month.Year\": 11.2011, \"Positive\": 0.66, \"Negative\": 0.21, \"Difficult to answer\": 13.0, \"Month\": 11, \"Year\": 2011, \"Date\": \"2011-11-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2011-11\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 69, \"Month.Year\": 1.2012, \"Positive\": 0.64, \"Negative\": 0.24, \"Difficult to answer\": 12.0, \"Month\": 1, \"Year\": 2012, \"Date\": \"2012-01-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2012-01\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 70, \"Month.Year\": 3.2012, \"Positive\": 0.65, \"Negative\": 0.24, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 3, \"Year\": 2012, \"Date\": \"2012-03-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2012-03\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 71, \"Month.Year\": 5.2012, \"Positive\": 0.66, \"Negative\": 0.24, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 5, \"Year\": 2012, \"Date\": \"2012-05-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2012-05\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 72, \"Month.Year\": 7.2012, \"Positive\": 0.71, \"Negative\": 0.22, \"Difficult to answer\": 7.0, \"Month\": 7, \"Year\": 2012, \"Date\": \"2012-07-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2012-07\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 73, \"Month.Year\": 9.2012, \"Positive\": 0.74, \"Negative\": 0.16, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 9, \"Year\": 2012, \"Date\": \"2012-09-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": \"2012-09\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 74, \"Month.Year\": 11.2012, \"Positive\": 0.69, \"Negative\": 0.22, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 11, \"Year\": 2012, \"Date\": \"2012-11-01T00:00:00\", \"year_month\": 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0.5583333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-08-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 8, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.19111111111111112}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-09-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 23, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5691666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-10-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.02388888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.02666666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01-01T00:00:00\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.04111111111111111}], \"data-e56afccc4f681d668a90f8c3a8e084f3\": [{\"year_month\": \"2014-07\", \"y_axis_annotations\": 0, \"annotations\": \"Crimean annexation\"}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-07\", \"y_axis_annotations\": 0, \"annotations\": \"Invasion of Ukraine\"}], \"data-480bb334d27e9cfc66c8fa35f757d4df\": [{\"year_month\": \"2017-01\", 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    ")\n"
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  {
   "attachments": {},
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Comparing *Negative Attitude of Russians toward Ukraine* vs *Monthly Video Durating Featuring Ukraine and Nazism*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
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\"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2758333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-03\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.2777777777777778}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-05\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.6433333333333333}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-06\", \"Count of News Articles\": 19, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 1.2666666666666666}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-07\", \"Count of News Articles\": 3, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.03166666666666667}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-08\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.17833333333333334}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-09\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.05722222222222222}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-11\", \"Count of News Articles\": 1, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.013055555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2021-12\", \"Count of News Articles\": 2, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.02}, {\"year_month\": 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0.3838888888888889}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-11\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.34555555555555556}, {\"year_month\": \"2022-12\", \"Count of News Articles\": 6, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.23}, {\"year_month\": \"2023-01\", \"Count of News Articles\": 7, \"Sum of Video Duration (hours)\": 0.5172222222222222}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
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   "source": [
    "ch2_tris = get_chart(\n",
    "    df_scraped,\n",
    "    token_dict_ukraine,\n",
    "    \"year_month\",\n",
    "    \"Count of News Articles\",\n",
    "    width_chart=1000,\n",
    "    slogan2=nazi,\n",
    ").properties(\n",
    "    title={\n",
    "        \"text\": [\n",
    "            \"Monthly Count of News Articles Featuring UKRAINE & NAZISM in Title, Tags, or Description\"\n",
    "        ],\n",
    "        \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\",\n",
    "        \"fontSize\": 16,\n",
    "        \"color\": \"#897C57\",\n",
    "    }\n",
    ")\n",
    "ch2_tris\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>year_month</th>\n",
       "      <th>y_axis_annotations</th>\n",
       "      <th>annotations</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>2018-06</td>\n",
       "      <td>120</td>\n",
       "      <td>Monthly Count of News Articles Featuring UKRAI...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  year_month  y_axis_annotations  \\\n",
       "0    2018-06                 120   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                         annotations  \n",
       "0  Monthly Count of News Articles Featuring UKRAI...  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 54,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "legend_count = pd.DataFrame(\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        \"year_month\": [\"2018-06\"],\n",
    "        \"y_axis_annotations\": [120],\n",
    "        \"annotations\": [\n",
    "            \"Monthly Count of News Articles Featuring UKRAINE & NAZISM in Title, Tags, or Description\"\n",
    "        ],\n",
    "    }\n",
    ")\n",
    "legend_count\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# ch5: Chart5 Legend Video Duration\n",
    "\n",
    "ch5_tris = (\n",
    "    alt.Chart(legend_count)\n",
    "    .mark_text(color=\"#76AAAC\", size=12, fontStyle=\"bold\", opacity=1, dx=-455, dy=25)\n",
    "    .encode(\n",
    "        alt.X(\"year_month\", type=\"temporal\"),\n",
    "        alt.Y(\n",
    "            \"y_axis_annotations\",\n",
    "            type=\"quantitative\",\n",
    "            axis=alt.Axis(labels=False, title=None, ticks=False),\n",
    "        ),\n",
    "        alt.Text(\"annotations\", type=\"nominal\"),\n",
    "    )\n",
    ")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "\n",
       "<div id=\"altair-viz-af0b86a1977e4f788e02876457d3a93a\"></div>\n",
       "<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n",
       "  var VEGA_DEBUG = (typeof VEGA_DEBUG == \"undefined\") ? {} : VEGA_DEBUG;\n",
       "  (function(spec, embedOpt){\n",
       "    let outputDiv = document.currentScript.previousElementSibling;\n",
       "    if (outputDiv.id !== \"altair-viz-af0b86a1977e4f788e02876457d3a93a\") {\n",
       "      outputDiv = document.getElementById(\"altair-viz-af0b86a1977e4f788e02876457d3a93a\");\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    const paths = {\n",
       "      \"vega\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega@5?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lib\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lib?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lite\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-lite@4.17.0?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-embed\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm//vega-embed@6?noext\",\n",
       "    };\n",
       "\n",
       "    function maybeLoadScript(lib, version) {\n",
       "      var key = `${lib.replace(\"-\", \"\")}_version`;\n",
       "      return (VEGA_DEBUG[key] == version) ?\n",
       "        Promise.resolve(paths[lib]) :\n",
       "        new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n",
       "          var s = document.createElement('script');\n",
       "          document.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0].appendChild(s);\n",
       "          s.async = true;\n",
       "          s.onload = () => {\n",
       "            VEGA_DEBUG[key] = version;\n",
       "            return resolve(paths[lib]);\n",
       "          };\n",
       "          s.onerror = () => reject(`Error loading script: ${paths[lib]}`);\n",
       "          s.src = paths[lib];\n",
       "        });\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function showError(err) {\n",
       "      outputDiv.innerHTML = `<div class=\"error\" style=\"color:red;\">${err}</div>`;\n",
       "      throw err;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
       "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
       "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
       "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
       "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"4.17.0\"))\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
       "        .catch(showError)\n",
       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 400, \"continuousHeight\": 300, \"stroke\": \"#897C57\", \"strokeWidth\": 1.2}}, \"layer\": [{\"data\": {\"name\": \"data-f7befd397e41853c9fe2b0060b3b894f\"}, \"mark\": {\"type\": \"area\", \"color\": \"#E2BA41\", \"fillOpacity\": 1}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"axis\": {\"format\": \"%Y-%m\", \"grid\": false, \"labelAngle\": -45, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 11, \"ticks\": true}, \"field\": \"year_month\", \"title\": null, \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"domain\": false, \"format\": \"%\", \"grid\": false, \"gridWidth\": 0.5, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 11, \"ticks\": true, \"title\": \"Negative Attitude of Russians toward Ukraine\", \"titleColor\": \"#897C57\", \"titleFontStyle\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\"}, \"field\": \"Negative\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}, \"title\": {\"text\": [\"Negative Attitude of Russians towrad Ukraine, source: Levada Center\"], \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\", \"fontSize\": 16, \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"width\": 1000}, {\"layer\": [{\"mark\": {\"type\": \"area\", \"color\": \"#3C8689\", \"fillOpacity\": 0.7}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"axis\": {\"format\": \"%Y-%m\", \"grid\": false, \"labelAngle\": -45, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 11, \"ticks\": true, \"title\": null}, \"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"domain\": false, \"grid\": false, \"gridWidth\": 0.5, \"labelColor\": \"#897C57\", \"labelFont\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\", \"labelFontSize\": 11, \"ticks\": true, \"titleColor\": \"#897C57\", \"titleFontStyle\": \"Franklin Gothic Demi Cond\"}, \"field\": \"Count of News Articles\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"line\", \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Count of News Articles\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"mark\": {\"type\": \"point\", \"color\": \"#897C57\", \"filled\": true, \"opacity\": 1, \"size\": 60}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"field\": \"Count of News Articles\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}], \"data\": {\"name\": \"data-8bea6a782a011e1c5551d65a0ee02074\"}, \"title\": {\"text\": [\"Monthly Count of News Articles Featuring UKRAINE & NAZISM in Title, Tags, or Description\"], \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\", \"fontSize\": 16, \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"width\": 1000}, {\"data\": {\"name\": \"data-e56afccc4f681d668a90f8c3a8e084f3\"}, \"mark\": {\"type\": \"text\", \"color\": \"#897C57\", \"dy\": 200, \"fontStyle\": \"bold\"}, \"encoding\": {\"text\": {\"field\": \"annotations\", \"type\": \"nominal\"}, \"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"labels\": false, \"ticks\": false, \"title\": null}, \"field\": \"y_axis_annotations\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"data\": {\"name\": \"data-e97a72edb5c047aae5130aa7a9099add\"}, \"mark\": {\"type\": \"text\", \"color\": \"#E2BA41\", \"dx\": -470, \"dy\": 10, \"fontStyle\": \"bold\", \"size\": 12}, \"encoding\": {\"text\": {\"field\": \"annotations\", \"type\": \"nominal\"}, \"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"labels\": false, \"ticks\": false, \"title\": null}, \"field\": \"y_axis_annotations\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}, {\"data\": {\"name\": \"data-b06f064bfb433a4871e06ba9ab841eba\"}, \"mark\": {\"type\": \"text\", \"color\": \"#76AAAC\", \"dx\": -455, \"dy\": 25, \"fontStyle\": \"bold\", \"opacity\": 1, \"size\": 12}, \"encoding\": {\"text\": {\"field\": \"annotations\", \"type\": \"nominal\"}, \"x\": {\"field\": \"year_month\", \"type\": \"temporal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"labels\": false, \"ticks\": false, \"title\": null}, \"field\": \"y_axis_annotations\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}}], \"resolve\": {\"scale\": {\"y\": \"independent\"}}, \"title\": {\"text\": [\"Negative Attitude Towards Ukraine of Russian Population\", \"vs\", \"Monthly Count of News Articles Featuring UKRAINE & NAZISM in Title, Tags, or Description\"], \"font\": \"Franklin Gothic\", \"fontSize\": 16, \"color\": \"#897C57\"}, \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v4.17.0.json\", \"datasets\": {\"data-f7befd397e41853c9fe2b0060b3b894f\": [{\"Unnamed: 0\": 25, \"Month.Year\": 2.2006, \"Positive\": 0.5, \"Negative\": 0.4, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 2, \"Year\": 2006, \"Date\": \"2006-02-01\", \"year_month\": \"2006-02\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 26, \"Month.Year\": 3.2006, \"Positive\": 0.53, \"Negative\": 0.37, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 3, \"Year\": 2006, \"Date\": \"2006-03-01\", \"year_month\": \"2006-03\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 27, \"Month.Year\": 4.2006, \"Positive\": 0.56, \"Negative\": 0.35, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 4, \"Year\": 2006, \"Date\": \"2006-04-01\", \"year_month\": \"2006-04\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 28, \"Month.Year\": 5.2006, \"Positive\": 0.55, \"Negative\": 0.35, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 5, \"Year\": 2006, \"Date\": \"2006-05-01\", \"year_month\": \"2006-05\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 29, \"Month.Year\": 6.2006, \"Positive\": 0.56, \"Negative\": 0.33, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 6, \"Year\": 2006, \"Date\": \"2006-06-01\", \"year_month\": \"2006-06\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 30, \"Month.Year\": 7.2006, \"Positive\": 0.6, \"Negative\": 0.3, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 7, \"Year\": 2006, \"Date\": \"2006-07-01\", \"year_month\": \"2006-07\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 31, \"Month.Year\": 8.2006, \"Positive\": 0.68, \"Negative\": 0.24, \"Difficult to answer\": 8.0, \"Month\": 8, \"Year\": 2006, \"Date\": \"2006-08-01\", \"year_month\": \"2006-08\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 32, \"Month.Year\": 10.2006, \"Positive\": 0.61, \"Negative\": 0.31, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 10, \"Year\": 2006, \"Date\": \"2006-10-01\", \"year_month\": \"2006-10\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 33, \"Month.Year\": 11.2006, \"Positive\": 0.66, \"Negative\": 0.24, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 11, \"Year\": 2006, \"Date\": \"2006-11-01\", \"year_month\": \"2006-11\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 34, \"Month.Year\": 12.2006, \"Positive\": 0.64, \"Negative\": 0.27, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 12, \"Year\": 2006, \"Date\": \"2006-12-01\", \"year_month\": \"2006-12\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 35, \"Month.Year\": 1.2007, \"Positive\": 0.67, \"Negative\": 0.24, \"Difficult to answer\": 8.0, \"Month\": 1, \"Year\": 2007, \"Date\": \"2007-01-01\", \"year_month\": \"2007-01\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 36, \"Month.Year\": 2.2007, \"Positive\": 0.61, \"Negative\": 0.29, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 2, \"Year\": 2007, \"Date\": \"2007-02-01\", \"year_month\": \"2007-02\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 37, \"Month.Year\": 3.2007, \"Positive\": 0.58, \"Negative\": 0.32, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 3, \"Year\": 2007, \"Date\": \"2007-03-01\", \"year_month\": \"2007-03\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 38, \"Month.Year\": 4.2007, \"Positive\": 0.62, \"Negative\": 0.29, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 4, \"Year\": 2007, \"Date\": \"2007-04-01\", \"year_month\": \"2007-04\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 39, \"Month.Year\": 5.2007, \"Positive\": 0.48, \"Negative\": 0.42, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 5, \"Year\": 2007, \"Date\": \"2007-05-01\", \"year_month\": \"2007-05\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 40, \"Month.Year\": 6.2007, \"Positive\": 0.55, \"Negative\": 0.33, \"Difficult to answer\": 13.0, \"Month\": 6, \"Year\": 2007, \"Date\": \"2007-06-01\", \"year_month\": \"2007-06\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 41, \"Month.Year\": 7.2007, \"Positive\": 0.62, \"Negative\": 0.28, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 7, \"Year\": 2007, \"Date\": \"2007-07-01\", \"year_month\": \"2007-07\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 42, \"Month.Year\": 8.2007, \"Positive\": 0.58, \"Negative\": 0.3, \"Difficult to answer\": 12.0, \"Month\": 8, \"Year\": 2007, \"Date\": \"2007-08-01\", \"year_month\": \"2007-08\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 43, \"Month.Year\": 10.2007, \"Positive\": 0.59, \"Negative\": 0.3, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 10, \"Year\": 2007, \"Date\": \"2007-10-01\", \"year_month\": \"2007-10\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 44, \"Month.Year\": 11.2007, \"Positive\": 0.65, \"Negative\": 0.25, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 11, \"Year\": 2007, \"Date\": \"2007-11-01\", \"year_month\": \"2007-11\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 45, \"Month.Year\": 12.2007, \"Positive\": 0.57, \"Negative\": 0.31, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 12, \"Year\": 2007, \"Date\": \"2007-12-01\", \"year_month\": \"2007-12\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 46, \"Month.Year\": 1.2008, \"Positive\": 0.59, \"Negative\": 0.3, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 1, \"Year\": 2008, \"Date\": \"2008-01-01\", \"year_month\": \"2008-01\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 47, \"Month.Year\": 2.2008, \"Positive\": 0.5, \"Negative\": 0.36, \"Difficult to answer\": 14.0, \"Month\": 2, \"Year\": 2008, \"Date\": \"2008-02-01\", \"year_month\": \"2008-02\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 48, \"Month.Year\": 3.2008, \"Positive\": 0.55, \"Negative\": 0.33, \"Difficult to answer\": 13.0, \"Month\": 3, \"Year\": 2008, \"Date\": \"2008-03-01\", \"year_month\": \"2008-03\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 49, \"Month.Year\": 7.2008, \"Positive\": 0.52, \"Negative\": 0.37, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 7, \"Year\": 2008, \"Date\": \"2008-07-01\", \"year_month\": \"2008-07\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 50, \"Month.Year\": 9.2008, \"Positive\": 0.37, \"Negative\": 0.53, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 9, \"Year\": 2007, \"Date\": \"2007-09-01\", \"year_month\": \"2007-09\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 51, \"Month.Year\": 11.2008, \"Positive\": 0.34, \"Negative\": 0.53, \"Difficult to answer\": 13.0, \"Month\": 11, \"Year\": 2007, \"Date\": \"2007-11-01\", \"year_month\": \"2007-11\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 52, \"Month.Year\": 1.2009, \"Positive\": 0.29, \"Negative\": 0.62, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 1, \"Year\": 2009, \"Date\": \"2009-01-01\", \"year_month\": \"2009-01\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 53, \"Month.Year\": 3.2009, \"Positive\": 0.41, \"Negative\": 0.49, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 3, \"Year\": 2009, \"Date\": \"2009-03-01\", \"year_month\": \"2009-03\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 54, \"Month.Year\": 5.2009, \"Positive\": 0.34, \"Negative\": 0.56, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 5, \"Year\": 2009, \"Date\": \"2009-05-01\", \"year_month\": \"2009-05\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 55, \"Month.Year\": 7.2009, \"Positive\": 0.44, \"Negative\": 0.47, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 7, \"Year\": 2009, \"Date\": \"2009-07-01\", \"year_month\": \"2009-07\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 56, \"Month.Year\": 9.2009, \"Positive\": 0.46, \"Negative\": 0.44, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 9, \"Year\": 2009, \"Date\": \"2009-09-01\", \"year_month\": \"2009-09\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 57, \"Month.Year\": 1.201, \"Positive\": 0.52, \"Negative\": 0.37, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 1, \"Year\": 2010, \"Date\": \"2010-01-01\", \"year_month\": \"2010-01\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 58, \"Month.Year\": 3.201, \"Positive\": 0.6, \"Negative\": 0.28, \"Difficult to answer\": 13.0, \"Month\": 3, \"Year\": 2010, \"Date\": \"2010-03-01\", \"year_month\": \"2010-03\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 59, \"Month.Year\": 5.201, \"Positive\": 0.66, \"Negative\": 0.23, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 5, \"Year\": 2009, \"Date\": \"2009-05-01\", \"year_month\": \"2009-05\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 60, \"Month.Year\": 7.201, \"Positive\": 0.7, \"Negative\": 0.21, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 7, \"Year\": 2010, \"Date\": \"2010-07-01\", \"year_month\": \"2010-07\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 61, \"Month.Year\": 9.201, \"Positive\": 0.67, \"Negative\": 0.21, \"Difficult to answer\": 12.0, \"Month\": 9, \"Year\": 2010, \"Date\": \"2010-09-01\", \"year_month\": \"2010-09\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 62, \"Month.Year\": 11.201, \"Positive\": 0.73, \"Negative\": 0.19, \"Difficult to answer\": 8.0, \"Month\": 11, \"Year\": 2010, \"Date\": \"2010-11-01\", \"year_month\": \"2010-11\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 63, \"Month.Year\": 1.2011, \"Positive\": 0.72, \"Negative\": 0.19, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 1, \"Year\": 2011, \"Date\": \"2011-01-01\", \"year_month\": \"2011-01\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 64, \"Month.Year\": 4.2011, \"Positive\": 0.7, \"Negative\": 0.2, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 4, \"Year\": 2011, \"Date\": \"2011-04-01\", \"year_month\": \"2011-04\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 65, \"Month.Year\": 5.2011, \"Positive\": 0.65, \"Negative\": 0.27, \"Difficult to answer\": 8.0, \"Month\": 5, \"Year\": 2011, \"Date\": \"2011-05-01\", \"year_month\": \"2011-05\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 66, \"Month.Year\": 7.2011, \"Positive\": 0.65, \"Negative\": 0.26, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 7, \"Year\": 2011, \"Date\": \"2011-07-01\", \"year_month\": \"2011-07\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 67, \"Month.Year\": 9.2011, \"Positive\": 0.68, \"Negative\": 0.23, \"Difficult to answer\": 9.0, \"Month\": 9, \"Year\": 2011, \"Date\": \"2011-09-01\", \"year_month\": \"2011-09\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 68, \"Month.Year\": 11.2011, \"Positive\": 0.66, \"Negative\": 0.21, \"Difficult to answer\": 13.0, \"Month\": 11, \"Year\": 2011, \"Date\": \"2011-11-01\", \"year_month\": \"2011-11\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 69, \"Month.Year\": 1.2012, \"Positive\": 0.64, \"Negative\": 0.24, \"Difficult to answer\": 12.0, \"Month\": 1, \"Year\": 2012, \"Date\": \"2012-01-01\", \"year_month\": \"2012-01\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 70, \"Month.Year\": 3.2012, \"Positive\": 0.65, \"Negative\": 0.24, \"Difficult to answer\": 11.0, \"Month\": 3, \"Year\": 2012, \"Date\": \"2012-03-01\", \"year_month\": \"2012-03\"}, {\"Unnamed: 0\": 71, \"Month.Year\": 5.2012, \"Positive\": 0.66, \"Negative\": 0.24, \"Difficult to answer\": 10.0, \"Month\": 5, \"Year\": 2012, \"Date\": \"2012-05-01\", 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    "            \"vs\",\n",
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