diff --git a/CodeListLibrary_project/clinicalcode/entity_utils/publish_utils.py b/CodeListLibrary_project/clinicalcode/entity_utils/publish_utils.py
index f95631658..ae5655ff5 100644
--- a/CodeListLibrary_project/clinicalcode/entity_utils/publish_utils.py
+++ b/CodeListLibrary_project/clinicalcode/entity_utils/publish_utils.py
@@ -41,15 +41,15 @@ def send_message(request, pk, data, entity, entity_history_id, checks):
     """
     # Message templates
     approved_template = """The {entity_type} version has been successfully published.<a href='{url}' class="alert-link">({entity_type} ID: {pk}, VERSION ID:{history} )</a>"""
-    rejected_template = """The {entity_type} version has been rejected .<a href='{url}' class="alert-link">({entity_type} ID: {pk}, VERSION ID:{history} )</a>"""
     pending_template = """The {entity_type} version is going to be reviewed by the moderator.<a href='{url}' class="alert-link">({entity_type} ID: {pk}, VERSION ID:{history} )</a>"""
+    rejected_template = """The {entity_type} version has been rejected .<a href='{url}' class="alert-link">({entity_type} ID: {pk}, VERSION ID:{history} )</a>"""
 
     # Determine the appropriate message template and send email
     approval_status = data['approval_status']
     if approval_status == constants.APPROVAL_STATUS.APPROVED:
         return format_message_and_send_email(request, pk, data, entity, entity_history_id, checks, approved_template)
     elif approval_status == constants.APPROVAL_STATUS.REJECTED:
-        return format_message_and_send_email(request, pk, data, entity, entity_history_id, checks, rejected_template)
+        return format_message_and_send_email(request, pk, data, entity, entity_history_id, checks,rejected_template)
     elif approval_status == constants.APPROVAL_STATUS.PENDING:
         return format_message_and_send_email(request, pk, data, entity, entity_history_id, checks, pending_template)
     elif approval_status is None and checks['is_moderator']:
@@ -251,10 +251,10 @@ def format_message_and_send_email(request, pk, data, entity, entity_history_id,
         pk=pk,
         history=entity_history_id
     )
-    send_email_decision_entity(request,entity, entity_history_id, checks['entity_type'], data)
+    send_email_decision_entity(request,entity, entity_history_id, data)
     return data
 
-def send_email_decision_entity(request, entity, entity_history_id, entity_type,data):
+def send_email_decision_entity(request, entity, entity_history_id,data):
     """
     Call util function to send email decision
     @param workingset: workingset object
@@ -266,15 +266,15 @@ def send_email_decision_entity(request, entity, entity_history_id, entity_type,d
 
     if data['approval_status'].value == 1:
         context["status"] = "Pending"
-        context["message"] = "submitted and is under review"
+        context["message"] = "Submitted and is under review"
         send_review_email(request, context)
     elif data['approval_status'].value == 2:
         # This line for the case when user want to get notification of same workingset id but different version
         context["status"] = "Published"
-        context["message"] = "approved and successfully published"
+        context["message"] = "Approved and successfully published"
         send_review_email(request, context)
     elif data['approval_status'].value == 3:
         context["status"] = "Rejected"
-        context["message"] = "rejected by the moderator"
-        context["custom_message"] = "Please adjust changes and try again" #TODO add custom message logic
+        context["message"] = "Rejected by the moderator"
+        context["custom_message"] = data['rejectMessage']
         send_review_email(request, context)
diff --git a/CodeListLibrary_project/clinicalcode/views/Decline.py b/CodeListLibrary_project/clinicalcode/views/Decline.py
index 97c0d50fe..f31bfade5 100644
--- a/CodeListLibrary_project/clinicalcode/views/Decline.py
+++ b/CodeListLibrary_project/clinicalcode/views/Decline.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import json
 from django.contrib.auth.mixins import LoginRequiredMixin
 from django.db import transaction
 from django.http.response import JsonResponse
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ def post(self, request, pk, history_id):
                     data['form_is_valid'] = True
                     data['approval_status'] = constants.APPROVAL_STATUS.REJECTED
                     data['entity_name_requested'] = GenericEntity.history.get(id=pk, history_id=history_id).name
+                    data['rejectMessage'] = json.loads(request.body)['rejectMessage']
                     data = publish_utils.form_validation(request, data, history_id, pk, entity, checks)
         except Exception as e:
             #print(e)
diff --git a/CodeListLibrary_project/cll/static/js/clinicalcode/forms/clinical/entityPublish.js b/CodeListLibrary_project/cll/static/js/clinicalcode/forms/clinical/entityPublish.js
index 628501de6..8d4669455 100644
--- a/CodeListLibrary_project/cll/static/js/clinicalcode/forms/clinical/entityPublish.js
+++ b/CodeListLibrary_project/cll/static/js/clinicalcode/forms/clinical/entityPublish.js
@@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
+/**
+ * Represents a modal for publishing or declining an entity.
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance of the PublishModal class.
+   * @constructor
+   * @param {string} publish_url - The URL to publish the entity.
+   * @param {string} decline_url - The URL to decline the entity.
+   * @param {string} redirect_url - The URL to redirect to after publishing or declining the entity.
+   */
 class PublishModal {
-  constructor(publish_url, decline_url,redirect_url) {
+  constructor(publish_url, decline_url, redirect_url) {
     this.publish_url = publish_url;
     this.decline_url = decline_url;
     this.redirect_url = redirect_url;
@@ -19,7 +29,6 @@ class PublishModal {
       });
       const data = await response.json();
       spinner.remove();
-      console.log(data);
 
       const publishButton = [
         {
@@ -57,34 +66,18 @@ class PublishModal {
         },
       ];
 
-      ModalFactory.create({
-        id: "publish-dialog",
-        title: this.generateTitle(data),
-        content: data.errors
-          ? this.generateErrorContent(data)
-          : this.generateContent(data),
-        buttons: data.approval_status === 1 ? declineButton : publishButton,
-      })
-        .then(async (result) => {
-          const name = result.name;
-          if (name == "Decline") {
-            await this.postData(data, this.decline_url);
-            window.location.href = this.redirect_url+'?eraseCache=true';
-          } else {
-            await this.postData(data, this.publish_url);
-            window.location.href = this.redirect_url+'?eraseCache=true';
-          }
-        })
-        .catch((result) => {
-          if (!(result instanceof ModalFactory.ModalResults)) {
-            return console.error(result);
-          }
-        });
+      this.createPublishModal(data, declineButton, publishButton);
     } catch (error) {
       console.error(error);
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Sends a POST request to the specified URL with the provided data.
+   * @async
+   * @param {Object} data - The data to send in the request body.
+   * @param {string} url - The URL to send the request to.
+   */
   async postData(data, url) {
     const spinner = startLoadingSpinner();
     try {
@@ -100,21 +93,41 @@ class PublishModal {
           "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
         },
         body: JSON.stringify(data),
-      }).then(response => {
-        if (!response.ok) {
-          return Promise.reject(response);
-        }
-        return response.json();
-      }).finally(() => {
-        spinner.remove();
-      });
+      })
+        .then((response) => response.json())
+        .then((response) => {
 
+          if (!response || !response?.success) {
+            window.ToastFactory.push({
+              type: response?.approval_status == 3 ? 'danger' : 'success',
+              message: response?.message,
+              duration: 5000,
+            });
+            return;
+          }
+        })
+        .finally(() => {
+          spinner.remove();
+          setTimeout(() => {
+            window.location.href = this.redirect_url + "?eraseCache=true";
+          }, 5000);
+        });
     } catch (error) {
       spinner.remove();
       console.log(error);
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Generates a paragraph with a confirmation message for publishing or approving a clinical entity.
+   * @param {Object} data - The data object containing information about the clinical entity.
+   * @param {string} data.name - The name of the clinical entity.
+   * @param {string} data.entity_type - The type of the clinical entity.
+   * @param {number|null} data.approval_status - The approval status of the clinical entity. Can be 1, 3 or null.
+   * @param {boolean} data.is_moderator - Indicates whether the user is a moderator.
+   * @param {boolean} data.is_lastapproved - Indicates whether the user is the last one to approve the clinical entity.
+   * @returns {string} A paragraph with a confirmation message for publishing or approving a clinical entity.
+   */
   generateContent(data) {
     let paragraph;
     switch (data.approval_status) {
@@ -144,6 +157,82 @@ class PublishModal {
     return paragraph;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Creates a modal dialog for publishing an entity.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} data - The data for the entity being published.
+   * @param {Object} declineButton - The button to decline publishing the entity.
+   * @param {Object} publishButton - The button to publish the entity.
+   */
+  createPublishModal(data, declineButton, publishButton) {
+    ModalFactory.create({
+      id: "publish-dialog",
+      title: this.generateTitle(data),
+      content: data.errors
+        ? this.generateErrorContent(data)
+        : this.generateContent(data),
+      buttons: data.approval_status === 1 ? declineButton : publishButton,
+    })
+      .then(async (result) => {
+        const name = result.name;
+        if (name == "Decline") {
+          this.declineEntity(data);
+        } else {
+          await this.postData(data, this.publish_url);
+        }
+      })
+      .catch((result) => {
+        if (!(result instanceof ModalFactory.ModalResults)) {
+          return console.error(result);
+        }
+      });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Declines an entity and prompts the user to provide an explanation for the rejection.
+   * @param {Object} data - The data object containing information about the entity to be declined.
+   * @param {string} data.name - The name of the entity to be declined.
+   * @param {string} data.entity_id - The ID of the entity to be declined.
+   * @returns {Promise} A promise that resolves when the entity has been declined and the page has been redirected.
+   */
+  declineEntity = (data) => {
+    window.ModalFactory.create({
+      id: "decline-dialog",
+      title: `Explanation for rejection ${data.name} - ${data.entity_id}?`,
+      content: this.generateDeclineMessage(),
+      beforeAccept: (modal) => {
+        const form = modal.querySelector("#decline-form-area");
+        const textField = modal.querySelector("#id_reject");
+        data.rejectMessage = textField.value;
+        if (textField.value.trim() === "") {
+          window.ToastFactory.push({
+            type: "warning",
+            message: "Please provide an explanation for the rejection.",
+            duration: 5000,
+          });
+          return false;
+        }
+        return {
+          form: new FormData(form),
+          action: form.action,
+        };
+      },
+    })
+      .then((result) => {
+        return this.postData(data, result.data.action)
+      })
+      .catch((e) => {
+        console.warn(e);
+      });
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Generates HTML content for displaying errors when an entity cannot be published.
+   * @param {Object} data - The data object containing the errors.
+   * @param {Array} data.errors - An array of error objects.
+   * @param {string} data.errors.url_parent - The URL of the parent entity that caused the error (if applicable).
+   * @returns {string} - The HTML content to display the errors.
+   */
   generateErrorContent(data) {
     let errorsHtml = "";
     for (let i = 0; i < data.errors.length; i++) {
@@ -167,6 +256,11 @@ class PublishModal {
     return html;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Generates a title based on the approval status, entity ID, entity type, and name.
+   * @param {Object} data - The data object containing the approval status, entity ID, entity type, and name.
+   * @returns {string} The generated title.
+   */
   generateTitle(data) {
     let title;
     switch (data.approval_status) {
@@ -182,6 +276,23 @@ class PublishModal {
     }
     return title;
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Generates a decline message form for the owner of an entity to change details.
+   * @returns {string} The HTML string of the decline message form.
+   */
+  generateDeclineMessage() {
+    let maincomponent = `
+    <form method="post" id="decline-form-area" action="${this.decline_url}">
+        <div class="detailed-input-group fill">
+        <h3 class="detailed-input-group__title">Message for owner <span class="detailed-input-group__mandatory">*</span></h3>
+        <p class="detailed-input-group__description">The owner of entity will see message to change details</p>
+        <textarea class="text-area-input simple" cols="40" id="id_reject" required name="message" rows="10"></textarea>
+        </div>
+        </form>`;
+
+    return maincomponent;
+  }
 }
 
 domReady.finally(() => {