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qemu-options.hx
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HXCOMM Use DEFHEADING() to define headings in both help text and texi
HXCOMM Text between STEXI and ETEXI are copied to texi version and
HXCOMM discarded from C version
HXCOMM DEF(option, HAS_ARG/0, opt_enum, opt_help) is used to construct
HXCOMM option structures, enums and help message.
HXCOMM HXCOMM can be used for comments, discarded from both texi and C
DEFHEADING(Standard options:)
STEXI
@table @option
ETEXI
DEF("help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h,
"-h or -help display this help and exit\n")
STEXI
@item -h
Display help and exit
ETEXI
DEF("version", 0, QEMU_OPTION_version,
"-version display version information and exit\n")
STEXI
@item -version
Display version information and exit
ETEXI
DEF("M", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_M,
"-M machine select emulated machine (-M ? for list)\n")
STEXI
@item -M @var{machine}
Select the emulated @var{machine} (@code{-M ?} for list)
ETEXI
DEF("cpu", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cpu,
"-cpu cpu select CPU (-cpu ? for list)\n")
STEXI
@item -cpu @var{model}
Select CPU model (-cpu ? for list and additional feature selection)
ETEXI
DEF("smp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smp,
"-smp n set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]\n")
STEXI
@item -smp @var{n}
Simulate an SMP system with @var{n} CPUs. On the PC target, up to 255
CPUs are supported. On Sparc32 target, Linux limits the number of usable CPUs
to 4.
ETEXI
DEF("numa", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_numa,
"-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node]\n")
STEXI
@item -numa @var{opts}
Simulate a multi node NUMA system. If mem and cpus are omitted, resources
are split equally.
ETEXI
DEF("fda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fda,
"-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image\n")
DEF("fdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fdb, "")
STEXI
@item -fda @var{file}
@item -fdb @var{file}
Use @var{file} as floppy disk 0/1 image (@pxref{disk_images}). You can
use the host floppy by using @file{/dev/fd0} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}).
ETEXI
DEF("hda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hda,
"-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image\n")
DEF("hdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdb, "")
DEF("hdc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdc,
"-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image\n")
DEF("hdd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdd, "")
STEXI
@item -hda @var{file}
@item -hdb @var{file}
@item -hdc @var{file}
@item -hdd @var{file}
Use @var{file} as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image (@pxref{disk_images}).
ETEXI
DEF("cdrom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cdrom,
"-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)\n")
STEXI
@item -cdrom @var{file}
Use @var{file} as CD-ROM image (you cannot use @option{-hdc} and
@option{-cdrom} at the same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by
using @file{/dev/cdrom} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}).
ETEXI
DEF("drive", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_drive,
"-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]\n"
" [,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off]\n"
" [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none][,format=f][,serial=s]\n"
" use 'file' as a drive image\n")
STEXI
@item -drive @var{option}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]]
Define a new drive. Valid options are:
@table @code
@item file=@var{file}
This option defines which disk image (@pxref{disk_images}) to use with
this drive. If the filename contains comma, you must double it
(for instance, "file=my,,file" to use file "my,file").
@item if=@var{interface}
This option defines on which type on interface the drive is connected.
Available types are: ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio.
@item bus=@var{bus},unit=@var{unit}
These options define where is connected the drive by defining the bus number and
the unit id.
@item index=@var{index}
This option defines where is connected the drive by using an index in the list
of available connectors of a given interface type.
@item media=@var{media}
This option defines the type of the media: disk or cdrom.
@item cyls=@var{c},heads=@var{h},secs=@var{s}[,trans=@var{t}]
These options have the same definition as they have in @option{-hdachs}.
@item snapshot=@var{snapshot}
@var{snapshot} is "on" or "off" and allows to enable snapshot for given drive (see @option{-snapshot}).
@item cache=@var{cache}
@var{cache} is "none", "writeback", or "writethrough" and controls how the host cache is used to access block data.
@item format=@var{format}
Specify which disk @var{format} will be used rather than detecting
the format. Can be used to specifiy format=raw to avoid interpreting
an untrusted format header.
@item serial=@var{serial}
This option specifies the serial number to assign to the device.
@end table
By default, writethrough caching is used for all block device. This means that
the host page cache will be used to read and write data but write notification
will be sent to the guest only when the data has been reported as written by
the storage subsystem.
Writeback caching will report data writes as completed as soon as the data is
present in the host page cache. This is safe as long as you trust your host.
If your host crashes or loses power, then the guest may experience data
corruption. When using the @option{-snapshot} option, writeback caching is
used by default.
The host page cache can be avoided entirely with @option{cache=none}. This will
attempt to do disk IO directly to the guests memory. QEMU may still perform
an internal copy of the data.
Some block drivers perform badly with @option{cache=writethrough}, most notably,
qcow2. If performance is more important than correctness,
@option{cache=writeback} should be used with qcow2. By default, if no explicit
caching is specified for a qcow2 disk image, @option{cache=writeback} will be
used. For all other disk types, @option{cache=writethrough} is the default.
Instead of @option{-cdrom} you can use:
@example
qemu -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom
@end example
Instead of @option{-hda}, @option{-hdb}, @option{-hdc}, @option{-hdd}, you can
use:
@example
qemu -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk
qemu -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk
qemu -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk
qemu -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk
@end example
You can connect a CDROM to the slave of ide0:
@example
qemu -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
@end example
If you don't specify the "file=" argument, you define an empty drive:
@example
qemu -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
@end example
You can connect a SCSI disk with unit ID 6 on the bus #0:
@example
qemu -drive file=file,if=scsi,bus=0,unit=6
@end example
Instead of @option{-fda}, @option{-fdb}, you can use:
@example
qemu -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy
qemu -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy
@end example
By default, @var{interface} is "ide" and @var{index} is automatically
incremented:
@example
qemu -drive file=a -drive file=b"
@end example
is interpreted like:
@example
qemu -hda a -hdb b
@end example
ETEXI
DEF("mtdblock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock,
"-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image\n")
STEXI
@item -mtdblock file
Use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image.
ETEXI
DEF("sd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sd,
"-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image\n")
STEXI
@item -sd file
Use 'file' as SecureDigital card image.
ETEXI
DEF("pflash", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pflash,
"-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image\n")
STEXI
@item -pflash file
Use 'file' as a parallel flash image.
ETEXI
DEF("boot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_boot,
"-boot [a|c|d|n] boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), or network (n)\n")
STEXI
@item -boot [a|c|d|n]
Boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), or Etherboot (n). Hard disk boot
is the default.
ETEXI
DEF("snapshot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_snapshot,
"-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files\n")
STEXI
@item -snapshot
Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case,
the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however force
the write back by pressing @key{C-a s} (@pxref{disk_images}).
ETEXI
DEF("m", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_m,
"-m megs set virtual RAM size to megs MB [default=%d]\n")
STEXI
@item -m @var{megs}
Set virtual RAM size to @var{megs} megabytes. Default is 128 MiB. Optionally,
a suffix of ``M'' or ``G'' can be used to signify a value in megabytes or
gigabytes respectively.
ETEXI
DEF("k", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_k,
"-k language use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)\n")
STEXI
@item -k @var{language}
Use keyboard layout @var{language} (for example @code{fr} for
French). This option is only needed where it is not easy to get raw PC
keycodes (e.g. on Macs, with some X11 servers or with a VNC
display). You don't normally need to use it on PC/Linux or PC/Windows
hosts.
The available layouts are:
@example
ar de-ch es fo fr-ca hu ja mk no pt-br sv
da en-gb et fr fr-ch is lt nl pl ru th
de en-us fi fr-be hr it lv nl-be pt sl tr
@end example
The default is @code{en-us}.
ETEXI
#ifdef HAS_AUDIO
DEF("audio-help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_audio_help,
"-audio-help print list of audio drivers and their options\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -audio-help
Will show the audio subsystem help: list of drivers, tunable
parameters.
ETEXI
#ifdef HAS_AUDIO
DEF("soundhw", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_soundhw,
"-soundhw c1,... enable audio support\n"
" and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)\n"
" use -soundhw ? to get the list of supported cards\n"
" use -soundhw all to enable all of them\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -soundhw @var{card1}[,@var{card2},...] or -soundhw all
Enable audio and selected sound hardware. Use ? to print all
available sound hardware.
@example
qemu -soundhw sb16,adlib disk.img
qemu -soundhw es1370 disk.img
qemu -soundhw ac97 disk.img
qemu -soundhw all disk.img
qemu -soundhw ?
@end example
Note that Linux's i810_audio OSS kernel (for AC97) module might
require manually specifying clocking.
@example
modprobe i810_audio clocking=48000
@end example
ETEXI
STEXI
@end table
ETEXI
DEF("usb", 0, QEMU_OPTION_usb,
"-usb enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)\n")
STEXI
USB options:
@table @option
@item -usb
Enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)
ETEXI
DEF("usbdevice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice,
"-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'\n")
STEXI
@item -usbdevice @var{devname}
Add the USB device @var{devname}. @xref{usb_devices}.
@table @code
@item mouse
Virtual Mouse. This will override the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.
@item tablet
Pointer device that uses absolute coordinates (like a touchscreen). This
means qemu is able to report the mouse position without having to grab the
mouse. Also overrides the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.
@item disk:[format=@var{format}]:file
Mass storage device based on file. The optional @var{format} argument
will be used rather than detecting the format. Can be used to specifiy
format=raw to avoid interpreting an untrusted format header.
@item host:bus.addr
Pass through the host device identified by bus.addr (Linux only).
@item host:vendor_id:product_id
Pass through the host device identified by vendor_id:product_id (Linux only).
@item serial:[vendorid=@var{vendor_id}][,productid=@var{product_id}]:@var{dev}
Serial converter to host character device @var{dev}, see @code{-serial} for the
available devices.
@item braille
Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real
or fake device.
@item net:options
Network adapter that supports CDC ethernet and RNDIS protocols.
@end table
ETEXI
DEF("name", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_name,
"-name string set the name of the guest\n")
STEXI
@item -name @var{name}
Sets the @var{name} of the guest.
This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.
The @var{name} will also be used for the VNC server.
ETEXI
DEF("uuid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_uuid,
"-uuid %%08x-%%04x-%%04x-%%04x-%%012x\n"
" specify machine UUID\n")
STEXI
@item -uuid @var{uuid}
Set system UUID.
ETEXI
STEXI
@end table
ETEXI
DEFHEADING()
DEFHEADING(Display options:)
STEXI
@table @option
ETEXI
DEF("nographic", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nographic,
"-nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console\n")
STEXI
@item -nographic
Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option,
you can totally disable graphical output so that QEMU is a simple
command line application. The emulated serial port is redirected on
the console. Therefore, you can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel
with a serial console.
ETEXI
#ifdef CONFIG_CURSES
DEF("curses", 0, QEMU_OPTION_curses,
"-curses use a curses/ncurses interface instead of SDL\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -curses
Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option,
QEMU can display the VGA output when in text mode using a
curses/ncurses interface. Nothing is displayed in graphical mode.
ETEXI
#ifdef CONFIG_SDL
DEF("no-frame", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_frame,
"-no-frame open SDL window without a frame and window decorations\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -no-frame
Do not use decorations for SDL windows and start them using the whole
available screen space. This makes the using QEMU in a dedicated desktop
workspace more convenient.
ETEXI
#ifdef CONFIG_SDL
DEF("alt-grab", 0, QEMU_OPTION_alt_grab,
"-alt-grab use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -alt-grab
Use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt).
ETEXI
#ifdef CONFIG_SDL
DEF("no-quit", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_quit,
"-no-quit disable SDL window close capability\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -no-quit
Disable SDL window close capability.
ETEXI
#ifdef CONFIG_SDL
DEF("sdl", 0, QEMU_OPTION_sdl,
"-sdl enable SDL\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -sdl
Enable SDL.
ETEXI
DEF("portrait", 0, QEMU_OPTION_portrait,
"-portrait rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)\n")
STEXI
@item -portrait
Rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD).
ETEXI
DEF("vga", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vga,
"-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|xenfb|none]\n"
" select video card type\n")
STEXI
@item -vga @var{type}
Select type of VGA card to emulate. Valid values for @var{type} are
@table @code
@item cirrus
Cirrus Logic GD5446 Video card. All Windows versions starting from
Windows 95 should recognize and use this graphic card. For optimal
performances, use 16 bit color depth in the guest and the host OS.
(This one is the default)
@item std
Standard VGA card with Bochs VBE extensions. If your guest OS
supports the VESA 2.0 VBE extensions (e.g. Windows XP) and if you want
to use high resolution modes (>= 1280x1024x16) then you should use
this option.
@item vmware
VMWare SVGA-II compatible adapter. Use it if you have sufficiently
recent XFree86/XOrg server or Windows guest with a driver for this
card.
@item none
Disable VGA card.
@end table
ETEXI
DEF("full-screen", 0, QEMU_OPTION_full_screen,
"-full-screen start in full screen\n")
STEXI
@item -full-screen
Start in full screen.
ETEXI
#if defined(TARGET_PPC) || defined(TARGET_SPARC)
DEF("g", 1, QEMU_OPTION_g ,
"-g WxH[xDEPTH] Set the initial graphical resolution and depth\n")
#endif
STEXI
ETEXI
DEF("vnc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vnc ,
"-vnc display start a VNC server on display\n")
STEXI
@item -vnc @var{display}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]]
Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option,
you can have QEMU listen on VNC display @var{display} and redirect the VGA
display over the VNC session. It is very useful to enable the usb
tablet device when using this option (option @option{-usbdevice
tablet}). When using the VNC display, you must use the @option{-k}
parameter to set the keyboard layout if you are not using en-us. Valid
syntax for the @var{display} is
@table @code
@item @var{host}:@var{d}
TCP connections will only be allowed from @var{host} on display @var{d}.
By convention the TCP port is 5900+@var{d}. Optionally, @var{host} can
be omitted in which case the server will accept connections from any host.
@item @code{unix}:@var{path}
Connections will be allowed over UNIX domain sockets where @var{path} is the
location of a unix socket to listen for connections on.
@item none
VNC is initialized but not started. The monitor @code{change} command
can be used to later start the VNC server.
@end table
Following the @var{display} value there may be one or more @var{option} flags
separated by commas. Valid options are
@table @code
@item reverse
Connect to a listening VNC client via a ``reverse'' connection. The
client is specified by the @var{display}. For reverse network
connections (@var{host}:@var{d},@code{reverse}), the @var{d} argument
is a TCP port number, not a display number.
@item password
Require that password based authentication is used for client connections.
The password must be set separately using the @code{change} command in the
@ref{pcsys_monitor}
@item tls
Require that client use TLS when communicating with the VNC server. This
uses anonymous TLS credentials so is susceptible to a man-in-the-middle
attack. It is recommended that this option be combined with either the
@var{x509} or @var{x509verify} options.
@item x509=@var{/path/to/certificate/dir}
Valid if @option{tls} is specified. Require that x509 credentials are used
for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its x509 certificate
to the client. It is recommended that a password be set on the VNC server
to provide authentication of the client when this is used. The path following
this option specifies where the x509 certificates are to be loaded from.
See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on generating certificates.
@item x509verify=@var{/path/to/certificate/dir}
Valid if @option{tls} is specified. Require that x509 credentials are used
for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its x509 certificate
to the client, and request that the client send its own x509 certificate.
The server will validate the client's certificate against the CA certificate,
and reject clients when validation fails. If the certificate authority is
trusted, this is a sufficient authentication mechanism. You may still wish
to set a password on the VNC server as a second authentication layer. The
path following this option specifies where the x509 certificates are to
be loaded from. See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on generating
certificates.
@item sasl
Require that the client use SASL to authenticate with the VNC server.
The exact choice of authentication method used is controlled from the
system / user's SASL configuration file for the 'qemu' service. This
is typically found in /etc/sasl2/qemu.conf. If running QEMU as an
unprivileged user, an environment variable SASL_CONF_PATH can be used
to make it search alternate locations for the service config.
While some SASL auth methods can also provide data encryption (eg GSSAPI),
it is recommended that SASL always be combined with the 'tls' and
'x509' settings to enable use of SSL and server certificates. This
ensures a data encryption preventing compromise of authentication
credentials. See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on using
SASL authentication.
@item acl
Turn on access control lists for checking of the x509 client certificate
and SASL party. For x509 certs, the ACL check is made against the
certificate's distinguished name. This is something that looks like
@code{C=GB,O=ACME,L=Boston,CN=bob}. For SASL party, the ACL check is
made against the username, which depending on the SASL plugin, may
include a realm component, eg @code{bob} or @code{bob@@EXAMPLE.COM}.
When the @option{acl} flag is set, the initial access list will be
empty, with a @code{deny} policy. Thus no one will be allowed to
use the VNC server until the ACLs have been loaded. This can be
achieved using the @code{acl} monitor command.
@end table
ETEXI
STEXI
@end table
ETEXI
DEFHEADING()
#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEFHEADING(i386 target only:)
#endif
STEXI
@table @option
ETEXI
#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEF("win2k-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack,
"-win2k-hack use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -win2k-hack
Use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug. After
Windows 2000 is installed, you no longer need this option (this option
slows down the IDE transfers).
ETEXI
#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEF("rtc-td-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_rtc_td_hack,
"-rtc-td-hack use it to fix time drift in Windows ACPI HAL\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -rtc-td-hack
Use it if you experience time drift problem in Windows with ACPI HAL.
This option will try to figure out how many timer interrupts were not
processed by the Windows guest and will re-inject them.
ETEXI
#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEF("no-fd-bootchk", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk,
"-no-fd-bootchk disable boot signature checking for floppy disks\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -no-fd-bootchk
Disable boot signature checking for floppy disks in Bochs BIOS. It may
be needed to boot from old floppy disks.
ETEXI
#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEF("no-acpi", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi,
"-no-acpi disable ACPI\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -no-acpi
Disable ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) support. Use
it if your guest OS complains about ACPI problems (PC target machine
only).
ETEXI
#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEF("no-hpet", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_hpet,
"-no-hpet disable HPET\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -no-hpet
Disable HPET support.
ETEXI
#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEF("no-virtio-balloon", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_virtio_balloon,
"-no-virtio-balloon disable virtio balloon device\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -no-virtio-balloon
Disable virtio-balloon device.
ETEXI
#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEF("acpitable", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_acpitable,
"-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,data=file1[:file2]...]\n"
" ACPI table description\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -acpitable [sig=@var{str}][,rev=@var{n}][,oem_id=@var{str}][,oem_table_id=@var{str}][,oem_rev=@var{n}] [,asl_compiler_id=@var{str}][,asl_compiler_rev=@var{n}][,data=@var{file1}[:@var{file2}]...]
Add ACPI table with specified header fields and context from specified files.
ETEXI
#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEF("smbios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smbios,
"-smbios file=binary\n"
" Load SMBIOS entry from binary file\n"
"-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%%d.%%d]\n"
" Specify SMBIOS type 0 fields\n"
"-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]\n"
" [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]\n"
" Specify SMBIOS type 1 fields\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -smbios file=@var{binary}
Load SMBIOS entry from binary file.
@item -smbios type=0[,vendor=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,date=@var{str}][,release=@var{%d.%d}]
Specify SMBIOS type 0 fields
@item -smbios type=1[,manufacturer=@var{str}][,product=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,serial=@var{str}][,uuid=@var{uuid}][,sku=@var{str}][,family=@var{str}]
Specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
ETEXI
#ifdef TARGET_I386
DEFHEADING()
#endif
STEXI
@end table
ETEXI
DEFHEADING(Network options:)
STEXI
@table @option
ETEXI
DEF("net", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_net,
"-net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=addr][,model=type][,name=str]\n"
" create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN 'n'\n"
#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
"-net user[,vlan=n][,name=str][,hostname=host]\n"
" connect the user mode network stack to VLAN 'n' and send\n"
" hostname 'host' to DHCP clients\n"
#endif
#ifdef _WIN32
"-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str],ifname=name\n"
" connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n'\n"
#else
"-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]\n"
" connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n' and use the\n"
" network scripts 'file' (default=%s)\n"
" and 'dfile' (default=%s);\n"
" use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution;\n"
" use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface\n"
#endif
"-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]\n"
" connect the vlan 'n' to another VLAN using a socket connection\n"
"-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port]\n"
" connect the vlan 'n' to multicast maddr and port\n"
#ifdef CONFIG_VDE
"-net vde[,vlan=n][,name=str][,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]\n"
" connect the vlan 'n' to port 'n' of a vde switch running\n"
" on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.\n"
" Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default\n"
" ownership and permissions for communication port.\n"
#endif
"-net dump[,vlan=n][,file=f][,len=n]\n"
" dump traffic on vlan 'n' to file 'f' (max n bytes per packet)\n"
"-net none use it alone to have zero network devices; if no -net option\n"
" is provided, the default is '-net nic -net user'\n")
STEXI
@item -net nic[,vlan=@var{n}][,macaddr=@var{addr}][,model=@var{type}][,name=@var{name}]
Create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n}
= 0 is the default). The NIC is an ne2k_pci by default on the PC
target. Optionally, the MAC address can be changed to @var{addr}
and a @var{name} can be assigned for use in monitor commands. If no
@option{-net} option is specified, a single NIC is created.
Qemu can emulate several different models of network card.
Valid values for @var{type} are
@code{i82551}, @code{i82557b}, @code{i82559er},
@code{ne2k_pci}, @code{ne2k_isa}, @code{pcnet}, @code{rtl8139},
@code{e1000}, @code{smc91c111}, @code{lance} and @code{mcf_fec}.
Not all devices are supported on all targets. Use -net nic,model=?
for a list of available devices for your target.
@item -net user[,vlan=@var{n}][,hostname=@var{name}][,name=@var{name}]
Use the user mode network stack which requires no administrator
privilege to run. @option{hostname=name} can be used to specify the client
hostname reported by the builtin DHCP server.
@item -net channel,@var{port}:@var{dev}
Forward @option{user} TCP connection to port @var{port} to character device @var{dev}
@item -net tap[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,ifname=@var{name}][,script=@var{file}][,downscript=@var{dfile}]
Connect the host TAP network interface @var{name} to VLAN @var{n}, use
the network script @var{file} to configure it and the network script
@var{dfile} to deconfigure it. If @var{name} is not provided, the OS
automatically provides one. @option{fd}=@var{h} can be used to specify
the handle of an already opened host TAP interface. The default network
configure script is @file{/etc/qemu-ifup} and the default network
deconfigure script is @file{/etc/qemu-ifdown}. Use @option{script=no}
or @option{downscript=no} to disable script execution. Example:
@example
qemu linux.img -net nic -net tap
@end example
More complicated example (two NICs, each one connected to a TAP device)
@example
qemu linux.img -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0 \
-net nic,vlan=1 -net tap,vlan=1,ifname=tap1
@end example
@item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,listen=[@var{host}]:@var{port}][,connect=@var{host}:@var{port}]
Connect the VLAN @var{n} to a remote VLAN in another QEMU virtual
machine using a TCP socket connection. If @option{listen} is
specified, QEMU waits for incoming connections on @var{port}
(@var{host} is optional). @option{connect} is used to connect to
another QEMU instance using the @option{listen} option. @option{fd}=@var{h}
specifies an already opened TCP socket.
Example:
@example
# launch a first QEMU instance
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
-net socket,listen=:1234
# connect the VLAN 0 of this instance to the VLAN 0
# of the first instance
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
-net socket,connect=127.0.0.1:1234
@end example
@item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,mcast=@var{maddr}:@var{port}]
Create a VLAN @var{n} shared with another QEMU virtual
machines using a UDP multicast socket, effectively making a bus for
every QEMU with same multicast address @var{maddr} and @var{port}.
NOTES:
@enumerate
@item
Several QEMU can be running on different hosts and share same bus (assuming
correct multicast setup for these hosts).
@item
mcast support is compatible with User Mode Linux (argument @option{eth@var{N}=mcast}), see
@url{http://user-mode-linux.sf.net}.
@item
Use @option{fd=h} to specify an already opened UDP multicast socket.
@end enumerate
Example:
@example
# launch one QEMU instance
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
-net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
# launch another QEMU instance on same "bus"
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
-net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
# launch yet another QEMU instance on same "bus"
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:58 \
-net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
@end example
Example (User Mode Linux compat.):
@example
# launch QEMU instance (note mcast address selected
# is UML's default)
qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
-net socket,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102
# launch UML
/path/to/linux ubd0=/path/to/root_fs eth0=mcast
@end example
@item -net vde[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,sock=@var{socketpath}][,port=@var{n}][,group=@var{groupname}][,mode=@var{octalmode}]
Connect VLAN @var{n} to PORT @var{n} of a vde switch running on host and
listening for incoming connections on @var{socketpath}. Use GROUP @var{groupname}
and MODE @var{octalmode} to change default ownership and permissions for
communication port. This option is available only if QEMU has been compiled
with vde support enabled.
Example:
@example
# launch vde switch
vde_switch -F -sock /tmp/myswitch
# launch QEMU instance
qemu linux.img -net nic -net vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch
@end example
@item -net dump[,vlan=@var{n}][,file=@var{file}][,len=@var{len}]
Dump network traffic on VLAN @var{n} to file @var{file} (@file{qemu-vlan0.pcap} by default).
At most @var{len} bytes (64k by default) per packet are stored. The file format is
libpcap, so it can be analyzed with tools such as tcpdump or Wireshark.
@item -net none
Indicate that no network devices should be configured. It is used to
override the default configuration (@option{-net nic -net user}) which
is activated if no @option{-net} options are provided.
ETEXI
#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
DEF("tftp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tftp, \
"-tftp dir allow tftp access to files in dir [-net user]\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -tftp @var{dir}
When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in TFTP
server. The files in @var{dir} will be exposed as the root of a TFTP server.
The TFTP client on the guest must be configured in binary mode (use the command
@code{bin} of the Unix TFTP client). The host IP address on the guest is as
usual 10.0.2.2.
ETEXI
#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
DEF("bootp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bootp, \
"-bootp file advertise file in BOOTP replies\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -bootp @var{file}
When using the user mode network stack, broadcast @var{file} as the BOOTP
filename. In conjunction with @option{-tftp}, this can be used to network boot
a guest from a local directory.
Example (using pxelinux):
@example
qemu -hda linux.img -boot n -tftp /path/to/tftp/files -bootp /pxelinux.0
@end example
ETEXI
#ifndef _WIN32
DEF("smb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smb, \
"-smb dir allow SMB access to files in 'dir' [-net user]\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -smb @var{dir}
When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in SMB
server so that Windows OSes can access to the host files in @file{@var{dir}}
transparently.
In the guest Windows OS, the line:
@example
10.0.2.4 smbserver
@end example
must be added in the file @file{C:\WINDOWS\LMHOSTS} (for windows 9x/Me)
or @file{C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC\LMHOSTS} (Windows NT/2000).
Then @file{@var{dir}} can be accessed in @file{\\smbserver\qemu}.
Note that a SAMBA server must be installed on the host OS in
@file{/usr/sbin/smbd}. QEMU was tested successfully with smbd version
2.2.7a from the Red Hat 9 and version 3.0.10-1.fc3 from Fedora Core 3.
ETEXI
#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
DEF("redir", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_redir, \
"-redir [tcp|udp]:host-port:[guest-host]:guest-port\n" \
" redirect TCP or UDP connections from host to guest [-net user]\n")
#endif
STEXI
@item -redir [tcp|udp]:@var{host-port}:[@var{guest-host}]:@var{guest-port}
When using the user mode network stack, redirect incoming TCP or UDP
connections to the host port @var{host-port} to the guest
@var{guest-host} on guest port @var{guest-port}. If @var{guest-host}
is not specified, its value is 10.0.2.15 (default address given by the
built-in DHCP server). If no connection type is specified, TCP is used.
For example, to redirect host X11 connection from screen 1 to guest
screen 0, use the following:
@example
# on the host
qemu -redir tcp:6001::6000 [...]
# this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server
xterm -display :1
@end example
To redirect telnet connections from host port 5555 to telnet port on
the guest, use the following:
@example
# on the host
qemu -redir tcp:5555::23 [...]
telnet localhost 5555
@end example
Then when you use on the host @code{telnet localhost 5555}, you
connect to the guest telnet server.
@end table
ETEXI
DEF("bt", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bt, \
"\n" \
"-bt hci,null dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands\n" \
"-bt hci,host[:id]\n" \
" use host's HCI with the given name\n" \
"-bt hci[,vlan=n]\n" \
" emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n'\n" \
"-bt vhci[,vlan=n]\n" \
" add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI\n" \
"-bt device:dev[,vlan=n]\n" \
" emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n'\n")