From a7de6a525731973609d173459d8d447c5516d48c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "C." Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2024 10:12:21 +0300 Subject: [PATCH] overview --- .../Pages/Adaption/AccessibilityAdaption.md | 15 +-- .../Pages/Adaption/AdaptionStrategy.tutorial | 12 +- .../AccessibleDescription/SensorySystem.md | 105 ++++++------------ .../AccessibilityFeatures.md | 2 +- .../AssistiveAccess/AssistiveAccess.md | 4 +- .../FullKeyboardAccess/FullKeyboardAccess.md | 16 +-- .../SwitchControl/SwitchControl.md | 8 +- .../VoiceControl/VoiceControl.md | 15 +-- .../VoiceOver/VoiceOver.md | 10 +- .../Pages/Introduction/iOSAccessibility.md | 2 +- 10 files changed, 77 insertions(+), 112 deletions(-) diff --git a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Adaption/AccessibilityAdaption.md b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Adaption/AccessibilityAdaption.md index a46ca36..5ad796c 100644 --- a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Adaption/AccessibilityAdaption.md +++ b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Adaption/AccessibilityAdaption.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Accessibility of Mobile Applications -Start working with **Accessibility API** +Working with **Accessibility API** @Metadata { @PageColor(blue) @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Start working with **Accessibility API** ## First Things First: Why Support Accessibility -Perceive it as a *disclaimer* of some kind. +Perceive this part as a *disclaimer* of some kind. @Image(source: "placeholder", alt: "") ### The Clientele Exists and Is Visible @@ -37,21 +37,22 @@ Moreover, accessibility is essentially an engine of **people with disabilities i ### Compliance and Conformance -The answer to "Why support accessibility?" question is different for every person working *around* accessibility. Some people believe that [**accessible design**]() is an *immanent* part of **universal design** and conforming to accessibility makes the product better for everyone. Other chase the **auditory expansion** by PR stunts to attract good will. A few countries oblige organisations to make accessible products by **civil rights law** and such developers are **dodging lawsuits** by complying to the standards. +The answer to "Why support accessibility?" question is different for every person working *around* accessibility. Some people believe that [**accessible design**]() is an *immanent* part of **universal design** and conforming to **accessibility guidelines** makes the product better for everyone. Other chase the **auditory expansion** by PR stunts to attract good will. A few countries oblige organisations to make accessible products by **civil rights law** and such developers are **dodging lawsuits** by complying to the standards. @Image(source: "placeholder", alt: "") ### Real Accessibility Is Intentional The more the production is influenced by *external* pressure the less accessible the result will be. Complying to **extrinsic standards** has *nothing* in common with providing accessible experience: only **empathy** allows people to consider others. It is impossible to support accessibility properly without a *clear* realisation of the situation and *genuine* motivation to change it. @Image(source: "placeholder", alt: "") +Moreover, **incorrect adoption** of accessibility guidelines leads to a dramatic **decrease of approachability** of the app. Integrating anything only increases **complexity** of applications so one has to be aware of the consequences of their actions. **The simpler interfaces are the more accessible they are.** ### Choice Is Yours -Only the person themself decides *why* they want to enable more people to use the product whose development is under their influence. +All in all, only the person themself decides *why* they want to enable more people to use the product whose development is under their influence. ### Accessibility Is a Privilege -It is a difficult journey for anyone to integrate accessibility into the project under their influence, regardless of their specialty and position. [**iOS Accessibility Handbook**](https://vodgroup.github.io/AccessibilityDocumentation/documentation/iosaccessibilityhandbook) project has no goal to *propagate* any values. We just support accessibility **the way it should be done** and share that experience. +Additionally, integrating accessibility into the project is a difficult journey for anyone, regardless of their specialty and position. [**iOS Accessibility Handbook**](https://vodgroup.github.io/AccessibilityDocumentation/documentation/iosaccessibilityhandbook) project has no goal to *propagate* any values. We just support accessibility **the way it should be done** and share that experience. @Image(source: "placeholder", alt: "") -**So if you are here it means that you *too* have a reason to do the right thing.** +**So if you are here it means that you have a reason to do the thing.** ## Accessibility API @@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ Constructing an interface out of **default elements** majorly covers the functio @Image(source: "placeholder", alt: "") -Having **custom elements** designed *specifically* for your interface requires a little bit more work done on supporting [**Accessible Features**]() but it's definitely not exhausting, too. +Having **custom elements** designed *specifically* for your interface requires a little bit more work done on supporting [**Accessible Features**]() but it's definitely not exhausting too. ### UIKit and SwiftUI diff --git a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Adaption/AdaptionStrategy.tutorial b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Adaption/AdaptionStrategy.tutorial index 3aa1af9..8592040 100644 --- a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Adaption/AdaptionStrategy.tutorial +++ b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Adaption/AdaptionStrategy.tutorial @@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ Here is the **roadmap** of what one can do to make their application *accessible*. ### Essentiality - The *level of importance* — whether an accessibility adoption is **basic** or **advanced** — decided by its requirement for assistive technologies to *simply* function. To make the accessible experience more *delightful* some **additional tinkering** has to be done. + The *level of importance* — whether accessibility adoption is **basic** or **advanced** — decided by its requirement for assistive technologies to *simply* function. To make the accessible experience more *delightful* some **additional tinkering** has to be done. ### Familiarity If you are not familiar with the **related terminology**, see the **introductory pages**. @Links(visualStyle: detailedGrid) { - - - + - } Otherwise you may start straight from the first guide or a tutorial of your particular interest — the separated materials are *self-sufficient*. @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ @Chapter(name: "Expose Application's Data") { @Image(source: chapter-placeholder.png, alt: "") - Provide a detailed description to everything in the interface so assistive technologies know how to deal with it. + Provide a **detailed description** to everything in the interface so assistive technologies know how to deal with it. @TutorialReference(tutorial: "doc:AccessibilityAttributes") @TutorialReference(tutorial: "doc:Traits") @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ @Chapter(name: "Adapt User Scenarios") { @Image(source: chapter-placeholder.png, alt: "") - Think over the goals users have to be able to achieve using your app to enable them to do it. + Think over the **goals** users have to be able to achieve using your app to enable them to do it. @TutorialReference(tutorial: "doc:ControlHierarchy") } @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ @Chapter(name: "Accessible Description") { @Image(source: chapter-placeholder.png, alt: "") - **Describe the interface** to that extent so accessibility API and its users has **no ambiguity in its interpretation**. + **Describe the interface** to that extent so accessibility API and its users has **less ambiguity in its interpretation**. @TutorialReference(tutorial: "doc:AccessibleCharts") @TutorialReference(tutorial: "doc:AccessibleListening") @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ @Chapter(name: "Accessible Appearance") { @Image(source: chapter-placeholder.png, alt: "") - Follow specific guidelines to make your **GUI easier to be comprehended**. + Follow specific guidelines to make your **GUI easier to be visually comprehended**. @TutorialReference(tutorial: "doc:ColorsAndShapes") @TutorialReference(tutorial: "doc:DynamicType") diff --git a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Adaption/Advanced/AccessibleDescription/SensorySystem.md b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Adaption/Advanced/AccessibleDescription/SensorySystem.md index b9a8298..a3f908d 100644 --- a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Adaption/Advanced/AccessibleDescription/SensorySystem.md +++ b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Adaption/Advanced/AccessibleDescription/SensorySystem.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Human Perception -A quick dip back into primordial soup to understand why everyone experiences the same world differently. +A quick dip back into primordial soup to understand why everyone experiences the same world differently @Metadata { @PageColor(blue) @@ -19,14 +19,15 @@ A quick dip back into primordial soup to understand why everyone experiences the label: "General Knowledge") } -## iPhone as a data transmitter -Operating a phone is essentially an exchange of data: the device provides information to be received and gets information from the user. Information transmitted by the device may take one of three forms of content types supported by the modern technology: visual, auidial and tactile. But the thing is the form of the content doesn't define the matter. The same message may be presented by various media types. A birthday postcard, balloons animation in iMessage and a voice call may represent the absolutely same experience of being congratulated. Why so? +Operating a computing device is essentially an exchange of data: the device provides information to be received and gets information from the user. Information transmitted by the device may take one of three forms of content types supported by the modern technology: visual, auidial and tactile. But the thing is the form of the content doesn't define the matter. The same message may be presented by various media types. A birthday postcard, balloons animation in iMessage and a voice call may represent the absolutely same experience of being congratulated. -## A deeper take on content reception +To understand why *different* **output forms** may have the same **meaning** let's research the mechanism of **perception** -- one's **ability to receive output from the outer world**. -Being a living creature means **continuous communication with *reality***. But what exactly *is* reality? +## Reality Is Singular -## Reality is a set of objects with stated properties +To start with, being a living creature means **continuous communication with *reality***. But what exactly *is* reality? + +### Reality is a set of objects with stated properties @Image(source: milky-way, alt: "") { *"Reality"* often refers to the **observable universe* @@ -35,30 +36,32 @@ Being a living creature means **continuous communication with *reality***. But w **Reality** as a conceptional model consisting of facts that define everything embedded in the universe. A *worldview*, which is **knowledge of the world**, is built of **perception** of these facts. -## One world - many worldviews +### One world - many worldviews @Image(source: earth, alt: "") { All life lives on the same Earth } -The complexity of reality made carbon-based lifeforms diverse that much so it's hard to believe that all inhabitants of Earth share the same nature. Bacteria, insects, fish, cats, humans, corals, pine trees and mushrooms - all living creatures are made of the same elements by the same rules and live in the same world. +The complexity of reality made carbon-based lifeforms diverse that much so it's hard to believe that all inhabitants of Earth **share the same nature**. Bacteria, insects, fish, cats, humans, corals, pine trees and mushrooms - all living creatures are made of the same elements by the same rules and live in the same world. @Image(source: fish, alt: "") { Lifeforms diversity is unmeasurable } -Nevertheless those living creatures who are sentient, i.e. able to sense, perceive the world differently. Each species have their own knowledge of the world, their own *worldview*, defined by the set of perceptional abilities available for them. A model of **cognised environment** is called [**umwelt**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umwelt), and an umwelt is consistent of [**qualias**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualia) - instances of **subjective experience**. +## Perception Is Plural + +Nevertheless those living creatures who are **sentient**, i.e. **able to sense**, perceive the world *differently*. Each species have their own **knowledge of the world** -- their own worldview, defined by the set of **perceptional abilities** available for them. A model of **cognised environment** is called [**umwelt**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umwelt), and an umwelt is consistent of [**qualias**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualia) - instances of **subjective experience**. -## Experience is composite -Subjectiveness of experience comes from the types of information species are able to recognise. A set of such abilities available for a specie is called a perceptional system. +### Experience Is Composite +**Subjectiveness of experience** comes from the **types of information** species are able to **recognise**. A set of such abilities available for a specie is called a **perceptional system**. @Image(source: eyes, alt: "") { Evolution made different eyes see what is needed } -## Sensory systems of different species +### Sensory Systems of Similar Species @Row { @Column { @Image(source: eye, alt: "") { @@ -87,80 +90,40 @@ Subjectiveness of experience comes from the types of information species are abl } } -Creatures are differentiated by their evolutionary development: for example, humans and cats are of one biological class - mammals. +*Taxonomically* creatures are differentiated by their **evolutionary development**: for example, humans and cats are of one biological class - **mammals** -- because these species are similar in their development. -All mammals are capable of developing the same kinds of cells for particular receptional organs. +Members of a particular **biological class** are capable of developing the same kinds of **cells** for particular **receptive organs**. Even though humans and cats perceive the reality drastically differently, their perceptions have the same underlayment -- but implementation is different. -Levels of perception of a particular sense differ from a specie to specie - for example, dogs smell in a range thousands times wider than cats and moles are nearly completely blind, but in general all members within the taxon are able to see, hear, touch, smell and taste. It is decided by the sensory organs developed for mammals. - -## Perceptional difference within a taxon The situation is different for species of other classes, those with different sets of sensory organs. -@Image(source: color-blindness, alt: "") - For examples, insects are able to sense humidity by a completely different perception than humans. Humans decide whether they are wet or not based on the feeling of temperature difference between their skin and the environment. Insects just feel wetness by hygroreceptors - specific sensory cells. - @Image(source: butterfly, alt: "") -## Sensory organs impairments -So perceiving the world differently is natural and based on the abilities of sensory system. But what if there are difference between specimen? - -@Image(source: vision-loss, alt: "") - -It is possible to be born with a sensory system different from what is considered typic for the species as a result of disfunction of receptional cells due to prenatal pathologies. Sensory impairments obtained before birth are called congenital. People born with congenital impairments have no idea about types of information they are unable to perceive. - -### Congenital -@Image(source: newborn-albino, alt: "") - -Being born with fully functional sensory system does not guarantee the integrity of perception forever. Sensory organs may be impaired during the life as a result of injury or age-caused degradation. - -### Acquired by injury -@Image(source: eye-injury, alt: "") +To conclude, levels of perception of a particular sense differ from a specie to specie. Dogs smell in a range thousands times wider than cats and moles are nearly completely blind, but as mammals they all are able to see, hear, touch, smell and taste -- just to different degrees. -### Acquired with age -It is natural for people to hear less in a narrower range of frequencies and experience vision loss from a particular age. -@Image(source: magnifying-glass, alt: "") - - - -## Mental model of the perception - -## Qualia - -## Umwelt: a perceptional model of cognized environment - -## Human senses and modern technology -### Visual -### Audial -### Tactile - -## Media types -### Texts -### Images -### Videos -### Audios -### Haptics - -## Adaption guides -### Alternative description -### Closed captioning -### Text-to-speech +@Image(source: color-blindness, alt: "") -As living creatures we exist in the world by interacting with environment around us. Everything we know about our surroundings is built from information we perceive through the senses we have: vision, hearing, touch, smell and taste. +## Sensory Organs Impairments +Now we know that **perceiving the world differently is natural** and based on the **capabilities** of one's **sensory system**. But what about difference unrelated to **biological diversity**? Why members of the **exact same species** may perceive the world *so* differently? -The combination of perceptional options available for particular species is called umwelt. Umwelt is a perceptional model of the world. Each species has their own umwelt regardless of the fact that the world is one and only for every living creature. +@Image(source: vision-loss, alt: "") -The perceptional model is built of qualia. Qualia is an instance of personalised experience. Experience is the information we recieve from the environment. Information about the world is a collection of inherent facts we are able to recognise with the set of senses we have. +### Congenital Impairments +It is possible to be born with a sensory system capabilities different from what is considered **typic** for the species as a result of **disfunction of receptive cells** due to *prenatal* pathologies. Such **sensory impairments** obtained *before* birth are called **congenital**. -People who are disabled of a particular sense from birth have a drastically different umwelt from those who have it. If a person was born blind or color-blind will never be able to comprehend concepts of colours in purely visual terms. For non-visual people colors may be a concept only in relation to associated to specific colors properties, such as temperature of an objects. +@Image(source: newborn-albino, alt: "") -So talking about adaption of different types of content we should consider the fact that there are some ways of perception that are completely inaccessible for people who are disabled of the related sense. +### Obtained Impairments +Being born with **fully functional sensory system does not guarantee the integrity of perception forever**. Typical perception may be changed temporary or permanently during the life as a result of changes within the receptive or processing organs. -Talking about the data that is available for retrieval from phones there are five types of content possible: visual, audial and tactile. As for now humanity is unable to convey smells and tastes by computing technology. +@Image(source: eye-injury, alt: "") { + An injured eye is a difunctional sensory organ thus affect the visual perception of a person +} -The types of content may be used exclusively or in combination with others when present in a particular media type. For example a book contains exclusively visual information, a video has both visual and audial information and a game may have all three if there is a haptic device that provides tactile output. +@Image(source: magnifying-glass, alt: "") { + It is natural for people to hear less in a narrower range of frequencies and experience vision loss from a particular age +} -So whenever we want to share experience with someone who is lacking the perception of the informational type included in this experience it is important to translate the information from the inaccessible channel to the one the person can understand. +## What To Do With All This Information -In this series of guides we are going to break down these three senses into ways how to tell the person who is out of its reach of the same message it consists of. diff --git a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/AccessibilityFeatures.md b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/AccessibilityFeatures.md index 1d1ee7d..e63fe64 100644 --- a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/AccessibilityFeatures.md +++ b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/AccessibilityFeatures.md @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ In this book we're not going to take a precise look at each of them separately, - } -Each article above contains an overview of a feature that explains **what this feature does** and **who does it help** with directives to further investigation of **how to support it in your applications**. +Each article above contains an overview of a feature that explains **what this feature does** with directives to further investigation of **how to support it in your applications**. @Image(source: placeholder-image, alt: "") diff --git a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/AssistiveAccess/AssistiveAccess.md b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/AssistiveAccess/AssistiveAccess.md index 32a594b..e90eb04 100644 --- a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/AssistiveAccess/AssistiveAccess.md +++ b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/AssistiveAccess/AssistiveAccess.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Assistive Access -An accessible mode of simplified iOS +A simplified mode of iOS @Metadata { @PageColor(blue) @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ The feature is purposed to provide a drastically **simplified UI of the whole sy ## What Assistive Access is for -The feature is dedicated to enable anyone use their device **independently** regardless of how hard it is for them to use the phone in original mode. +The feature is dedicated to enable anyone use their device **independently** regardless of how hard it is for them to use the phone in regular mode. The technology's task is to **reduce applications functionality** to the point when the possibility that everyone can find app's interface understandable is *maximal*. diff --git a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/FullKeyboardAccess/FullKeyboardAccess.md b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/FullKeyboardAccess/FullKeyboardAccess.md index 1d927f3..679e131 100644 --- a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/FullKeyboardAccess/FullKeyboardAccess.md +++ b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/FullKeyboardAccess/FullKeyboardAccess.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Full Keyboard Access -Control an iPhone using an external physical keyboard. +Operate iOS using an external physical keyboard @Metadata { @PageColor(blue) @@ -19,24 +19,24 @@ Control an iPhone using an external physical keyboard. label: "General Knowledge") } -Full Keyboard Access is a feature that enables using an external physical keyboard to *fully* control an iPhone or (more commonly) an iPad. +**Full Keyboard Access** is a feature that enables using an external physical keyboard to *fully* control an iPhone or, more commonly, an iPad. @Image(source: iphone-with-keyboard, alt: "") ## Motor impairments -Using a full keyboard is an option to control the device for those people with motor impairments, who: -- are nonverbal or in an inappropriate environment to use [*Voice Control*](); -- do not have enough dexterity to touch their screens but are not in need or unwilling to use [*external switches*](); -- rely on using a custom keyboard layout; -- prefer to type on a physical keyboard. +Using a **physical keyboard** is an option to control the device for those people, who: +- have **motor impairments** but are **nonverbal** or in an **inappropriate environment** to use [**Voice Control**](); +- do not have enough **dexterity** to touch their screens but are not in need or unwilling to use [**external switches**](); +- rely on using a **custom keyboard layout**; +- *prefer* to type on a full physical keyboard. ## VoiceOver Key @Image(source: control-plus-option, alt: "") -There is a special keys combination to distinguish text input from entering VoiceOver commands: Control + Option by default or CapsLock if an appropriate settings was chosen. To use CapsLock as the VO-key go to Settings → Accessibility → VoiceOver → Text Input → Key modifier → Upper register. +There is a special **keys combination** to distinguish text input from entering **VoiceOver commands**: `Control + Option` by default or `CapsLock` if an appropriate setting was chosen. To use `CapsLock` as the **VO-key** go to Settings → Accessibility → VoiceOver → Text Input → Key modifier → Upper register. @Image(source: capslock, alt: "") diff --git a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/SwitchControl/SwitchControl.md b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/SwitchControl/SwitchControl.md index 6664be3..e91d8f1 100644 --- a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/SwitchControl/SwitchControl.md +++ b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/SwitchControl/SwitchControl.md @@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ Navigate through iOS by using various switches [![Alternate Text](sady)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XB4cjbYywqg) ### Switch Access Scanning -Typing on keyboard, touching a screen and using pointers to move a cursor are examples of direct selection techniques. On the contrary, there is indirect selection: such methods firstly scan the collection of items. Switch access, just as screen-reading technology enables manual or automated scanning of the elements on the screen. +Typing on keyboard, touching a screen and using pointers to move a cursor are examples of **direct selection** techniques. On the contrary, there is the **indirect selection**: such methods firstly *scan* the **collection of items** forming the interface. **Switch access**, just as screen-reading technology enables **manual** or **automated scanning** of the elements on the screen. ### Variety of Switches -Anything sensitive to human *intentional* input may be used as a switch. It may be a **button**, a **pedal** (foot switch), a hardware **interface sensitive to breathing or muscle contraction**, **face recognition software** and **eye tracking devices** -- literally whatever that is able to *recognise signals* sent by its user. +Anything sensitive to human *intentional* input may be used as a switch. It may be a **button**, a **pedal** (foot switch), a hardware **interface sensitive to breathing or muscle contraction**, **face recognition software** and **eye tracking devices** -- literally anything that is able to *recognise signals* sent by its user. @Row { @Column { @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Anything sensitive to human *intentional* input may be used as a switch. It may } ### Switch Control Users -The feature is essential for those who **lack the ability to operate the device** the conventional way: people with physical and cognitive limitations that won't allow them to use the phone with particular *dexterity*. +The feature is essential for those who **lack the ability to operate the device** the conventional way: people with physical and cognitive limitations that won't allow them to use the device with particular *dexterity*. @Image(source: sady-at, alt: "") { **Sady Paulson**, a video editor with **cerebral palsy** uses **Switch Control** to do what she wants @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ An important notice: **switches cannot be connected to a computer directly**. In ## iPhone as a Switch -An iPhone *itself* can be used as various switches, since the device is *receptive* to a wide range of inputs due to diverse **sensors**, such as a **gyroscope**, an **accelerometer**, **FaceID powered camera**, and so on, are *built* into the phone. +An iPhone *itself* can be used as various switches, since the device is *receptive* to a wide range of inputs due to diverse **sensors**, such as a **gyroscope**, an **accelerometer**, **FaceID powered camera**, and so on, that are *built* into the phone. @Video(source: placeholder-video, alt: "") ### Gliding Cursor diff --git a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/VoiceControl/VoiceControl.md b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/VoiceControl/VoiceControl.md index 422506c..1e7b620 100644 --- a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/VoiceControl/VoiceControl.md +++ b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/VoiceControl/VoiceControl.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Voice Control -Use voice to operate an iPhone +Use voice to operate iOS @Metadata { @PageColor(blue) @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Use voice to operate an iPhone label: "General Knowledge") } -**Voice Control** is a feature that enables *controlling* an **iPhone** with **speech commands**. +**Voice Control** is a feature that enables *controlling* an iOS device with **speech commands**. [![Alternate Text](ian)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eePfgI2TT_Q) @@ -72,24 +72,25 @@ Yes, the **Voice Control** experience is heavily influenced by *accessibility* o This layout option is truly **unconditional** because other two depend on the *accessibility* of interface elements: - **Show Item Names** will show **captions** for only those elements that have [**labels stated**](); -- **Show Item Numbers** will enumerate elements if they are marked as [**accessibility elements**](); -- **Grid Layout** just draws the *same* grid on top of **any interface**. +- **Show Item Numbers** will enumerate elements if they are marked as [**accessibility elements**](). + +**Grid Layout** just draws the *same* grid on top of **any interface**. @Image(source: vc-layouts, alt: "") #### Voice Control Is... Switch Control -Considering the fact that we are in **iOS Accessibility Handbook** and have to have a *deeper understanding* of [**assistive software**](), **Voice Control** is essentially a case of [**Switch Control**](). It just uses a *microphone* as a **switch interface** and has much more **actions** possible to perform. +Considering the fact that we are in **iOS Accessibility Handbook** and have to have a *deeper understanding* of [**assistive software**](), **Voice Control** is essentially a highly sophisticated case of [**Switch Control**](). It just uses a *microphone* as a **switch interface** and has much more **actions** possible to perform. ### Languages Voice Control Understands -At the moment **Voice Control** is only available in English, French, German, Spanish, Japanese and Chinese languages, so it won't be possible to fully operate an iPhone by speech it does not yet support. +At the moment **Voice Control** is only available in English, French, German, Spanish, Japanese and Chinese languages, so it won't be possible to fully operate a device by speech it does not yet support. ### Speechless Voice Control Though one always can control the device by [**sounds**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralanguage) that are not inherent to *any* language or voice at all. It can be done in [**Switch Control**]() settings by choosing **Sound** option in **switches menu**. @Image(source: sc-sounds-setup, alt: "") -This feature is useful for those people who **cannot produce speech** but are still able to make sounds. It is a common case for **speech disfunction**, whose pathogenesis diversity is above this book's level. +This feature is useful for those people who **cannot produce speech** but are still able to make sounds. It is a common case for **speech disfunction**, whose pathogenesis diversity is above this book's educational capabilities. @Image(source: nonverbal, alt: "") diff --git a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/VoiceOver/VoiceOver.md b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/VoiceOver/VoiceOver.md index b8269be..eebdfbf 100644 --- a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/VoiceOver/VoiceOver.md +++ b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/AccessibilityFeatures/VoiceOver/VoiceOver.md @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ A **screen reader** native for iOS ## Screen-Reading Technology -A screen reader is a form of [**assistive technology**]() — a program that conveys *visual* content into *non-visual* output. It allows people who cannot visually perceive information from the screen to be able to receive it in audial or tactile forms. +A screen reader is a form of [**assistive technology**]() — a program that conveys *visual* content into *non-visual* output. It allows people who cannot *visually* perceive information from the screen to be able to receive it in **audial** or **tactile** forms. @Video(source: voiceover-commercial, alt: "") { Apple's VoiceOver commercial video @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ In other words, screen reading technology serves people who are *unable* to **vi } ### Implementation -Not being able to perceive information **visually** is the hugest obstacle on the way to the access to technology. The reason is that approximately 90% of the environmental information received by humans comes through the visual channel. Which makes the visual perception the primary way to perceive reality. +Not being able to perceive information **visually** is the hugest obstacle on the way to the access to technology. The reason is that approximately 90% of the environmental information received by humans comes through the **visual channel**. Which makes the visual perception the primary way of **reality perception**. @Image(source: ninety-percent, alt: "") @@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Thanks to the natural order of things **information is formless** and humans hav } ### VoiceOver enables alternative control -Visual impairments do not only disable the ability to perceive information but affect the control of things that are distinguishable visually solely. It results in being unable for a person who struggles to see to operate the touch screens. People with visual impairment don't see buttons, people with cognitive impairments that affect the visual perception don't recognise buttons. So there must be a way to access the controls without visual navigation. +Visual impairments do not only disable the ability to perceive information but affect the control of things that are distinguishable solely *visually*. For a person who struggles to see it results in being unable to operate touch screens. People with visual impairment don't see controls, people with cognitive impairments that affect the visual perception don't recognise them. So there must be a way to access the interface without visual navigation. @Image(source: service-dog, alt: "") { Longboard surfer Scott Leason and his seeing dog wait for the ride @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Talking about using screen readers on *mobile* devices it brings different contr ## VoiceOver Gestures @Image(source: voiceover-gestures, alt: "") -In the case of VoiceOver there is [**a list of standard VoiceOver gestures**](https://support.apple.com/en-gb/guide/iphone/iph3e2e2281/ios). Default control can be expanded with the use of [**Rotor**]() and [**Custom Actions**](). +In the case of VoiceOver there is [**a list of standard VoiceOver gestures**](https://support.apple.com/en-gb/guide/iphone/iph3e2e2281/ios). Default controlling can be expanded with the use of [**Rotor**]() and [**Custom Actions**](). If the user uses VoiceOver combined with the use of an external physical keyboard the screen readers provide full control of the interface by using the keyboard. To learn more about using a keyboard instead of a touchscreen to operate the phone and its own nuances see article. @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ VoiceOver as Apple's variant of screen reader was introduced in 2009 for macOS. ## Setting Up VoiceOver @Image(source: vo-setup, alt: "") -## Additional esources +## Additional resources @Image(source: vo-resources-1, alt: "") { [Apple, creatives, and disability rights activists reflect on 30 years of the Americans with Disabilities Act](https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/07/apple-creatives-and-disability-rights-activists-reflect-on-30-years-of-the-americans-with-disabilities-act/) } diff --git a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/iOSAccessibility.md b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/iOSAccessibility.md index 9bb7e54..38425c8 100644 --- a/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/iOSAccessibility.md +++ b/Sources/iOSAccessibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Introduction/iOSAccessibility.md @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ There are many reasons why one would want to *include* more people — from stra @Image(source: fifteen-percent, alt: "") ## Computer Accessibility -Computer accessibility, often referred to as **a11y**, includes a wide range of solutions that are aimed to enhance approachability of digital technology. It can be done by using **assistive technology**, which is specialised *software* or *hardware*, or a *combination* of both. +Computer accessibility, often referred to as **a11y**, includes a wide range of solutions that are aimed to enhance approachability of digital products. It can be done by using **assistive technology**, which is specialised *software* or *hardware*, or a *combination* of both. @Image(source: a11y, alt: "") ## iOS Accessibility