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docs: 添加离散数学理论基础 2024 春夏第四次小测试题 (#182)
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#import "@preview/numblex:0.1.1": numblex
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#import "@preview/cetz:0.2.2"
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#import "@preview/wrap-it:0.1.0": wrap-content
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#import "@preview/fletcher:0.5.0": diagram, node, edge
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#import cetz.draw: *
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#let graph = x => cetz.canvas(x)
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#set page(margin: 4em)
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#set text(font: "STSong", size: 11pt)
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#set par(leading: 0.6em, justify: true)
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#set enum(numbering: numblex(numberings: ("1.", "a)")), full: true)
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#show heading.where(level: 1): it => [
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#set align(center)
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#set text(size: 20pt, font: "Playfair Display")
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#it.body
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]
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#show heading.where(level: 2): it => [
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#set align(center)
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#set text(size: 13pt, font: "FZXiaoBiaoSong-B05S")
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#it.body
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]
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#show heading.where(level: 3): it => [
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#set align(center)
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#set text(size: 15pt, font: "Princess Sofia")
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#it.body
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]
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#let answer = [#box(width: 1fr,repeat("_"))]
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= Discrete Mathematics Quiz 4
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== 2023-2024 春夏学期
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=== shrike505
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#linebreak()
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+ Fill in the blanks. (40%, 5% each)
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+ Write a proposition equivalent to $(p and not q)$ that uses only $p$, $q$, $not$, and the connective $or$.
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+ Express the negations of the statement $exists x exists y P(x, y) and forall x forall y Q(x, y)$ so that all negation symbols immediately precede predicates.
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+ If $G$ is a planar connected graph with 20 vertices, each of degree 3, then $G$ has #answer regions.
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+ Given a rectangular coordinate system in three-dimensional space, how many points are there whose three coordinate values are all rational numbers? #answer
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+ #let snode = (coord, name, location) => {
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circle(coord, name: name, radius: 0.06, fill: black)
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content(name, name, padding:.144, anchor: location)
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// Credit to Xecades
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}
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#let f1 = figure(graph({
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snode((0, 3), "a","south")
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snode((1.5, 3), "b","south")
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snode((3, 3), "c","south")
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snode((4.5, 3), "d","south")
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snode((0, 1.5), "e", "south-east")
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snode((1.5, 1.5), "f","south-east")
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snode((3, 1.5), "g","south-east")
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snode((4.5, 1.5), "h","south-east")
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snode((0, 0), "i","north")
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snode((1.5, 0), "j","north")
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snode((3, 0), "k","north")
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snode((4.5, 0), "l","north")
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let thinline = (name1,name2) => {
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line(name1, name2, stroke:(thickness: 0.7pt))
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}
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thinline("a", "b")
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thinline("b","c")
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thinline("c","d")
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thinline("a","e")
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thinline("b","f")
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thinline("c","g")
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thinline("d","h")
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thinline("e","f")
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thinline("f","g")
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thinline("g","h")
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thinline("e","i")
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thinline("f","j")
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thinline("g","k")
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thinline("h","l")
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thinline("i","j")
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thinline("j","k")
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thinline("k","l")
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thinline("i","l")
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}))
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#wrap-content(f1, align: bottom + right, columns: (50%, 50%),column-gutter:-0.5em)[A dominating set of vertices in a simple graph is a set of vertices suth that every other vertex is adjacent to at least one vertex of this set. A dominating set with the least number of vertices is called a minimum dominating set. Find the number of vertices of minimum dominating set for the given graph.]
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#v(2em)
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+ Does the graph above have a Hamilton circuit? If it does, find such a circuit. If it does not, give an argument to show why no such circuit exists. #answer
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+ What is the worst-case time complexity of Dijkstra#text(['],font: "Garamond")s algorithm for computing the shortest path between two points in a weighted graph with n vertices?
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#let bignode = (coord, name) => {
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circle(coord, name: name, radius: 0.3)
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content(name, name, padding:.1)
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}
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#let f2 = figure(diagram(
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let (a,b,c,d) = ((-2,0), (0.6,0), (-2,1.7), (0.6,1.7)),
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node(a, [A], stroke: 1pt),
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node(b, [B], stroke: 1pt),
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node(c, [C], stroke: 1pt),
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node(d, [D], stroke: 1pt),
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edge(b, a, bend: -10deg,"-|>"),
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edge(a, b, bend: -10deg,"-|>"),
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edge(a, c, "-|>"),
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edge(b, d, "-|>"),
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edge(d, a, "-|>"),
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edge(c, d, bend: -10deg,"-|>"),
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edge(d, c, bend: -10deg,"-|>"),
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))
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+ #wrap-content(f2, columns:(50%, 44%), align: right+bottom)[How many distinct paths of length are there in the given graph? (Note: Cycles are allowed.) #answer]
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#v(2em)
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+ There are three consecutive positive integers that are divisible by 5, 7, and 11 respectively (依次能被 5, 7, 11 整除). Find all the solutions. (6%)
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+ (30%, 5% each) A standard deck of 52 cards consists of 4 suits, with each suit containing 13 cards corresponding to 13 values.
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+ How many different poker hands of 5 cards that containing four cards of the same value? (xxxxy 牌型,问有多少种可能取法)#v(4em)
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+ How many different poker hands of 5 cards that containing 2 pairs (两个对子,对子数字相同但花色可以不同)but not including 3 cards of the same value? (xxyyz 牌型,问有多少种可能取法) #v(4em)
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+ How many playing cards do you need to take at random to ensure that there is a pair among them? #v(4em)
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+ How many playing cards do you need to take at random to ensure that there is a straight(顺子,五张数字连续的牌)among them?(注:A-2-3-4-5 和 10-J-Q-K-A 都算顺子,花色可以不同) #v(4em)
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+ Ignoring the differences in suits, how many different ways are there for taking out 3 cards? (把数字相同但花色不同的牌视为不可分辨) #v(4em)
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+ Put these 52 cards into a grid with 4 rows and 13 columns, and prove that by selecting one card from each column, you can always get all the 13 values. (提示:可看作一个完全匹配问题) #v(8em)
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+ Use generating functions to solve the recurrence relation $a_k= 5 a_(k-1) - 6 a_(k-2)$ with initial conditions $a_0 = 6$ and $a_1 = 30$. (12%) #v(8em)
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+ There are n red points and n green points on the plane, any three of them are not collinear. Please use induction to prove: These $2 n$ points can be connected in pairs to form n non-intersecting line segments. Each line segment connects a red point and a green point. (12%)

docs/major_basic/discrete_math/index.md

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- [(22 级)2023 春夏第二次小测](Discrete_Mathematics_Quiz_2_2023.pdf)
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- [(23 级)2024 春夏第一次小测](Discrete_Mathematics_Quiz_1_2024.pdf)
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- [(23 级)2024 春夏第三次小测](Discrete_Mathematics_Quiz_3_2024.pdf)
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- [(23 级)2024 春夏第四次小测](Discrete_Mathematics_Quiz_4_2024.pdf)
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## 学长组课程学习建议
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