From 6b2ab1f1d8af671e7713641810f99a4f8f4974af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chris Mungall Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2025 21:33:26 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Fixing CHEBI IDs, fixes #18 --- src/ontology/aro.obo | 298 +++++++++++++++++++++---------------------- 1 file changed, 149 insertions(+), 149 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/ontology/aro.obo b/src/ontology/aro.obo index 8d05605..1bfd1d1 100644 --- a/src/ontology/aro.obo +++ b/src/ontology/aro.obo @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ synonym: "Astromicine" EXACT [] synonym: "Astromicinum" EXACT [] synonym: "fortimicin A" EXACT [] xref: CAS:55779-06-1 -xref: ChEBI:37923 +xref: CHEBI:37923 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL3084803 xref: PubChem:5284517 @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ synonym: "Soframycin" EXACT [] synonym: "framycetin" EXACT [] synonym: "neomycin B" EXACT [] xref: CAS:1404-04-2 -xref: ChEBI:7507 +xref: CHEBI:7507 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL3989751 xref: PubChem:8378 @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ synonym: "Erythromycin A" EXACT [] synonym: "Erythromycine" EXACT [] synonym: "Erythromycinum" EXACT [] synonym: "N-methylerythromycin A" EXACT [] -xref: ChEBI:42355 +xref: CHEBI:42355 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL532 xref: PubChem:12560 @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ synonym: "Kappati" EXACT [] synonym: "Orbicin" EXACT [] synonym: "Panamicin" EXACT [] xref: CAS:34493-98-6 -xref: ChEBI:37945 +xref: CHEBI:37945 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL560976 xref: PubChem:470999 @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ synonym: "FOX" EXACT [] synonym: "Mefoxitin" EXACT [] synonym: "mefoxin" EXACT [] xref: CAS:35607-66-0 -xref: ChEBI:209807 +xref: CHEBI:209807 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL996 xref: PubChem:441199 @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def: "Tunicamycin is mixture of homologous nucleoside antibiotics that block the is_a: ARO:3000034 ! nucleoside antibiotic is_a: ARO:3000707 ! antibiotic mixture xref: CAS:11089-65-9 -xref: ChEBI:29699 +xref: CHEBI:29699 xref: PubChem:5354023 [Term] @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ synonym: "Orbenin" EXACT [] synonym: "Syntarpen" EXACT [] synonym: "Tegopen" EXACT [] xref: CAS:61-72-3 -xref: ChEBI:49566 +xref: CHEBI:49566 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL891 xref: PubChem:6098 @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ synonym: "racemomycin" EXACT [] synonym: "streptothricin F" EXACT [] synonym: "yazumycin" EXACT [] xref: CAS:3808-42-2 -xref: ChEBI:60821 +xref: CHEBI:60821 xref: PubChem:475825 [Term] @@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ synonym: "Clamoxyl" EXACT [] synonym: "D-Amoxicillin" EXACT [] synonym: "Moxal" EXACT [] xref: CAS:26787-78-0 -xref: ChEBI:2676 +xref: CHEBI:2676 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1082 xref: PubChem:33613 @@ -32317,7 +32317,7 @@ synonym: "Linoleate" EXACT [] synonym: "Linolic acid" EXACT [] synonym: "Telfairic acid" EXACT [] xref: CAS:60-33-3 -xref: ChEBI:17351 +xref: CHEBI:17351 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL267476 xref: PubChem:5280450 @@ -32470,7 +32470,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "A clinically developed Macrolide antibiotic targeting gram positive and gram negative bacteria." [PMID:27909995] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic synonym: "CEM-101" EXACT [] -xref: ChEBI:230261 +xref: CHEBI:230261 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1232510 xref: PubChem:72734351 @@ -32490,7 +32490,7 @@ name: pactamycin namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum, considered a universal translation inhibitor." [PMID:9398510] is_a: ARO:3007158 ! pactamycin-like antibiotic -xref: ChEBI:198890 +xref: CHEBI:198890 xref: PubChem:5289124 [Term] @@ -32527,7 +32527,7 @@ def: "A fluorocycline that acts to inhibit the bacterial ribosome." [PMID:239797 is_a: ARO:3000050 ! tetracycline antibiotic synonym: "7-fluoro-9-pyrrolidinoacetamido-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline" EXACT [] synonym: "TP-434" EXACT [] -xref: ChEBI:177804 +xref: CHEBI:177804 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1951095 xref: PubChem:54726192 @@ -32669,7 +32669,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Capreomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, capable of treating a large number of infections but in particular used for killing bacteria causing tuberculosis." [PMID:73540] is_a: ARO:0000016 ! aminoglycoside antibiotic xref: CAS:11003-38-6 -xref: ChEBI:3371 +xref: CHEBI:3371 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL2221250 xref: PubChem:122130878 @@ -32707,7 +32707,7 @@ synonym: "AMC" EXACT [] synonym: "amoxicillin-clavulanate" EXACT [] synonym: "clavamox" EXACT [] synonym: "co-amoxiclav" EXACT [] -xref: ChEBI:201491 +xref: CHEBI:201491 xref: PubChem:23665637 [Term] @@ -32730,7 +32730,7 @@ def: "Cefamandole is a second-generation cephalosporin-class beta-lactam antibio is_a: ARO:3009106 ! second-generation cephalosporin synonym: "FAM" EXACT [] xref: CAS:34444-01-4 -xref: ChEBI:3480 +xref: CHEBI:3480 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1146 xref: PubChem:456255 @@ -32742,7 +32742,7 @@ def: "Cefetamet is a third-generation semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic that is_a: ARO:3009107 ! third-generation cephalosporin synonym: "FET" EXACT [] synonym: "cefetametum" EXACT [] -xref: ChEBI:135629 +xref: CHEBI:135629 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL2103764 xref: PubChem:5487888 @@ -32754,7 +32754,7 @@ def: "Cefmetazole is a semi-synthetic cephamycin antibiotic with broad spectrum is_a: ARO:3009106 ! second-generation cephalosporin synonym: "CMZ" EXACT [] xref: CAS:56796-20-4 -xref: ChEBI:3489 +xref: CHEBI:3489 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1201195 xref: PubChem:42008 @@ -32767,7 +32767,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3009106 ! second-generation cephalosporin synonym: "CID" EXACT [] synonym: "cefonicide" EXACT [] xref: CAS:61270-58-4 -xref: ChEBI:3491 +xref: CHEBI:3491 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1601 xref: PubChem:43594 @@ -32780,7 +32780,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3009107 ! third-generation cephalosporin synonym: "CFP" EXACT [] synonym: "cefoperazine" EXACT [] xref: CAS:62893-19-0 -xref: ChEBI:3493 +xref: CHEBI:3493 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL507674 xref: PubChem:44187 @@ -32793,7 +32793,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3009106 ! second-generation cephalosporin synonym: "CTT" EXACT [] synonym: "Cefotetanum" EXACT [] xref: CAS:69712-56-7 -xref: ChEBI:3499 +xref: CHEBI:3499 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL474579 xref: PubChem:53025 @@ -32807,7 +32807,7 @@ synonym: "Brisoral" EXACT [] synonym: "CPR" EXACT [] synonym: "Cefzil" EXACT [] xref: CAS:92665-29-7 -xref: ChEBI:3506 +xref: CHEBI:3506 xref: PubChem:5281006 [Term] @@ -32819,7 +32819,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3009107 ! third-generation cephalosporin synonym: "Excenel" EXACT [] synonym: "Naxcel" EXACT [] xref: CAS:104010-37-9 -xref: ChEBI:31383 +xref: CHEBI:31383 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL222913 xref: PubChem:6328657 @@ -32831,7 +32831,7 @@ def: "Ceftizoxime is a third-generation cephalosporin and broad spectrum beta-la is_a: ARO:3009107 ! third-generation cephalosporin synonym: "ZOX" EXACT [] xref: CAS:68401-81-0 -xref: ChEBI:553473 +xref: CHEBI:553473 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL528 xref: PubChem:6533629 @@ -32845,7 +32845,7 @@ synonym: "HAP" EXACT [] synonym: "cefadyl" EXACT [] synonym: "cefapirin" EXACT [] xref: CAS:21593-23-7 -xref: ChEBI:554446 +xref: CHEBI:554446 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1599 xref: PubChem:30699 @@ -32858,7 +32858,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3009105 ! first-generation cephalosporin synonym: "Cephradine" EXACT [] synonym: "RAD" EXACT [] xref: CAS:38821-53-3 -xref: ChEBI:3547 +xref: CHEBI:3547 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1604 xref: PubChem:38103 @@ -32871,7 +32871,7 @@ is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic synonym: "Azolinic acid" EXACT [] synonym: "CIN" EXACT [] xref: CAS:28657-80-9 -xref: ChEBI:3716 +xref: CHEBI:3716 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1208 xref: PubChem:2762 @@ -32894,7 +32894,7 @@ is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic synonym: "Lampren" EXACT [] synonym: "Lamprene" EXACT [] xref: CAS:2030-63-9 -xref: ChEBI:3749 +xref: CHEBI:3749 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1292 xref: PubChem:2794 @@ -32907,7 +32907,7 @@ is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic synonym: "Megalocin" EXACT [] synonym: "Quinodis" EXACT [] xref: CAS:79660-72-3 -xref: ChEBI:31810 +xref: CHEBI:31810 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL6273 xref: PubChem:3357 @@ -32918,7 +32918,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Flomoxef is an oxacephem antibiotic which was effective in preventing the growth of all ESBL-producing strains and is widely active against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria. It is sometimes classified as a second-generation or fourth-generation cephalosporin." [PMID:4008339, PMID:37610203] is_a: ARO:3009106 ! second-generation cephalosporin xref: CAS:99665-00-6 -xref: ChEBI:135813 +xref: CHEBI:135813 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL15413 xref: PubChem:65864 @@ -32930,7 +32930,7 @@ def: "Gentamicin A is part of a complex of broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibio is_a: ARO:3007382 ! gentamicin synonym: "Garamycin" EXACT [] xref: CAS:13291-74-2 -xref: ChEBI:28418 +xref: CHEBI:28418 xref: PubChem:12810388 [Term] @@ -32942,7 +32942,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3009106 ! second-generation cephalosporin synonym: "Lorabid" EXACT [] synonym: "Loracarbefum" EXACT [] xref: CAS:76470-66-1 -xref: ChEBI:47544 +xref: CHEBI:47544 xref: PubChem:5284585 [Term] @@ -32953,7 +32953,7 @@ def: "Moxalactam (Latamoxef) is a broad spectrum cephalosporin (oxacephem) and b is_a: ARO:3009107 ! third-generation cephalosporin synonym: "Latamoxef" EXACT [] xref: CAS:64952-97-2 -xref: ChEBI:599928 +xref: CHEBI:599928 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL74632 xref: PubChem:47499 @@ -32965,7 +32965,7 @@ def: "Nafcillin is a penicillin-class narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic. It is_a: ARO:3009125 ! beta-lactamase resistant penicillin synonym: "Nafcil" EXACT [] xref: CAS:147-52-4 -xref: ChEBI:7447 +xref: CHEBI:7447 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1443 xref: PubChem:8982 @@ -32977,7 +32977,7 @@ def: "Para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) is an anti-tubercular antibiotic agent, oft is_a: ARO:3007159 ! salicylic acid antibiotic synonym: "4-aminosalicylic acid" EXACT [] xref: CAS:65-49-6 -xref: ChEBI:27565 +xref: CHEBI:27565 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1169 xref: PubChem:4649 @@ -33011,7 +33011,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3000707 ! antibiotic mixture relationship: has_part ARO:3000584 ! quinupristin relationship: has_part ARO:3000674 ! dalfopristin synonym: "Synercid" EXACT [] -xref: ChEBI:8733 +xref: CHEBI:8733 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL3137691 xref: PubChem:25199981 @@ -33036,7 +33036,7 @@ relationship: has_part ARO:3000188 ! trimethoprim relationship: has_part ARO:3000329 ! sulfamethoxazole synonym: "cotrimoxazole" EXACT [] xref: CAS:8064-90-2 -xref: ChEBI:3770 +xref: CHEBI:3770 xref: PubChem:358641 [Term] @@ -33047,7 +33047,7 @@ def: "Prothionamide is a thioamide derivative with antibacterial properties. It is_a: ARO:3007156 ! thioamide antibiotic synonym: "protionamide" EXACT [] xref: CAS:14222-60-7 -xref: ChEBI:32066 +xref: CHEBI:32066 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1378024 xref: PubChem:666418 @@ -33061,7 +33061,7 @@ synonym: "Fasigyn" EXACT [] synonym: "Simplotan" EXACT [] synonym: "Sporinex" EXACT [] synonym: "Tindamax" EXACT [] -xref: ChEBI:63627 +xref: CHEBI:63627 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1220 xref: PubChem:5479 @@ -34011,7 +34011,7 @@ synonym: "Cephaloridin" EXACT [] synonym: "Cephaloridinum" EXACT [] synonym: "Ceporin" EXACT [] xref: CAS:50-59-9 -xref: ChEBI:3537 +xref: CHEBI:3537 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL316157 xref: PubChem:5773 @@ -34025,7 +34025,7 @@ synonym: "1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methoxy-7-(3-methylaminopiperidin synonym: "Q 35" EXACT [] synonym: "Q-35" EXACT [] xref: CAS:127294-70-6 -xref: ChEBI:34553 +xref: CHEBI:34553 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1210954 xref: PubChem:65958 @@ -35968,7 +35968,7 @@ name: malacidin A namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "A calcium-dependent cyclic lipopeptide found to be effective against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in cutaneous wound infections." [PMID:29434326] is_a: ARO:3000035 ! lipopeptide antibiotic -xref: ChEBI:140173 +xref: CHEBI:140173 xref: PubChem:132274667 [Term] @@ -36758,7 +36758,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "A siderophore cephalosporin with antibiotic activity against Gram-negative pathogens including and specifically Pseudomonas aeruginosa." [PMID:29960205] is_a: ARO:3009109 ! other cephalosporins and penems xref: CAS:1225208-94-5 -xref: ChEBI:140376 +xref: CHEBI:140376 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL3989974 xref: PubChem:77843966 @@ -36826,7 +36826,7 @@ def: "A novel nitroimidazole antibiotic for treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis is_a: ARO:3004115 ! nitroimidazole antibiotic synonym: "deltyba" EXACT [] xref: CAS:681492-22-8 -xref: ChEBI:134742 +xref: CHEBI:134742 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL218650 xref: PubChem:6480466 @@ -36845,7 +36845,7 @@ def: "A diarylquinoline antibiotic drug sold under the brand name Sirturo, used is_a: ARO:3004491 ! diarylquinoline antibiotic synonym: "Sirturo" EXACT [] xref: CAS:843663-66-1 -xref: ChEBI:72292 +xref: CHEBI:72292 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL376488 xref: PubChem:5388906 @@ -36898,7 +36898,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Tosufloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with an extended spectrum of activity." [PMID:1906696] is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic xref: CAS:100490-36-6 -xref: ChEBI:77573 +xref: CHEBI:77573 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL273348 xref: PubChem:5517 @@ -37469,7 +37469,7 @@ name: Rifalazil namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Rifalazil is a rifamycin derivative antibiotic, sometimes used for treating Clostridioides difficile infections." [PMID:12556219] is_a: ARO:3000157 ! rifamycin antibiotic -xref: ChEBI:188526 +xref: CHEBI:188526 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL236297 xref: PubChem:135431094 @@ -37479,7 +37479,7 @@ name: Ramoplanin namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Ramoplanin is a glycolipodepsipeptide antibiotic derived from gram-positive Actinoplanes used to treat infection with Clostridioides difficile." [PMID:25182650] is_a: ARO:3000035 ! lipopeptide antibiotic -xref: ChEBI:29670 +xref: CHEBI:29670 xref: PubChem:16132338 [Term] @@ -38983,7 +38983,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cefpirome is a fourth generation cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and viridans group streptococci, and in vitro activity towards Streptococcus pneumoniae." [PMID:9211085] is_a: ARO:3009108 ! fourth-generation cephalosporin xref: CAS:84957-29-9 -xref: ChEBI:3503 +xref: CHEBI:3503 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL65794 xref: PubChem:5479539 @@ -38994,7 +38994,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cefsulodin is a third generation cephalosporin with with activity against Pseudomonas spp., but little activity against other Gram-negative bacteria." [PMID:119787] is_a: ARO:3009107 ! third-generation cephalosporin xref: CAS:62587-73-9 -xref: ChEBI:3507 +xref: CHEBI:3507 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL3351077 xref: PubChem:5284530 @@ -39005,7 +39005,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Carumonam is a monobactam antibiotic. It has activity towards Gram-negative bacteria with negligible activity towards Gram-postitive bacteria." [PMID:4073864] is_a: ARO:0000004 ! monobactam xref: CAS:87638-04-8 -xref: ChEBI:55486 +xref: CHEBI:55486 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1614658 xref: PubChem:6540466 @@ -39042,7 +39042,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "An 8-cyano-substituted fluoroquinolone with increased antibacterial activity in acidic conditions in contrast to other fluoroquinolones which demonstrate reduced activity in lower pH. Finafloxacin showed increased bactericidal activity at pH 5 in comparison to pH 7 and ciprofloxacin at pH 5 in vitro." [PMID:21596526, PMID:28438936] is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic xref: CAS:209342-40-5 -xref: ChEBI:85176 +xref: CHEBI:85176 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1908370 xref: PubChem:11567473 @@ -39053,7 +39053,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "A C-8-methoxy non-fluorinated quinolone exhibiting potent antibacterial activities against Gram-positive, including MRSA and fluoroquinolone-resistant MRSA, Gram-negative, and atypical pathogens, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus." [PMID:25529577, PMID:22650326] is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic xref: CAS:378746-64-6 -xref: ChEBI:136053 +xref: CHEBI:136053 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1213456 xref: PubChem:11993740 @@ -40750,7 +40750,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3007161 ! thiosemicarbazone antibiotic synonym: "amithiozone" EXACT [] synonym: "thiacetazone" EXACT [] xref: CAS:104-06-3 -xref: ChEBI:134958 +xref: CHEBI:134958 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL375492 xref: PubChem:9568512 @@ -41369,7 +41369,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Venturicidin A is an ATP synthase inhibitor and antibiotic adjuvant produced in actinomycetes. In the presence of aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin, Venturicidin A showed to restore susceptibility to aminoglycosides in resistant bacteria." [PMID:32424122] is_a: ARO:3005025 ! ATP synthase inhibitor synonym: "VentA" EXACT [] -xref: ChEBI:184114 +xref: CHEBI:184114 xref: PubChem:6438066 [Term] @@ -41762,7 +41762,7 @@ name: complestatin namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "A glycopeptide antibiotic which binds to essential peptidoglycan hydrolases, thereby preventing autolysis and inhibited cell wall remodelling during growth." [PMID:32051588] is_a: ARO:3000081 ! glycopeptide antibiotic -xref: ChEBI:66093 +xref: CHEBI:66093 xref: PubChem:16134403 [Term] @@ -41771,7 +41771,7 @@ name: corbomycin namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "A glycopeptide antibiotic which binds to essential peptidoglycan hydrolases, thereby preventing autolysis and cell wall remodelling." [PMID:32051588] is_a: ARO:3000081 ! glycopeptide antibiotic -xref: ChEBI:221137 +xref: CHEBI:221137 xref: PubChem:163285731 [Term] @@ -57447,7 +57447,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Prulifloxacin is a 6-fluoroquinolone antibiotic with a C-2 sulfur atom. It is hydrolyzed by esterases to produce the active compound Ulifloxacin. The active compound has broad spectrum activity against most Gram-negative bacteria. Prulifloxacin displays strong bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and persister cells." [PMID:9531524, PMID:34905092, PMID:1667252] is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic xref: CAS:123447-62-1 -xref: ChEBI:32071 +xref: CHEBI:32071 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL422648 xref: PubChem:65947 @@ -57475,7 +57475,7 @@ name: Sarecycline namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Sarecycline is a tetracycline derivative." [PMID:30397052] is_a: ARO:3000050 ! tetracycline antibiotic -xref: ChEBI:201449 +xref: CHEBI:201449 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL2364632 xref: PubChem:54681908 @@ -57590,7 +57590,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Tetracenomycin C is a tetracenomycin antibiotic, a methyl ester and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone." [PMID:11851469] is_a: ARO:3007034 ! tetracenomycin antibiotic xref: CAS:71135-22-3 -xref: ChEBI:9470 +xref: CHEBI:9470 xref: PubChem:73632 [Term] @@ -57600,7 +57600,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Tetracenomycin X is a tetracenomycin antibiotic, a methyl ester and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone." [PMID:32601485] is_a: ARO:3007034 ! tetracenomycin antibiotic xref: CAS:121245-07-6 -xref: ChEBI:32209 +xref: CHEBI:32209 xref: PubChem:129395 [Term] @@ -57610,7 +57610,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Tetracenomycin A2 is a tetracenomycin antibiotic, a methyl ester and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone." [] is_a: ARO:3007034 ! tetracenomycin antibiotic xref: CAS:82277-62-1 -xref: ChEBI:32197 +xref: CHEBI:32197 xref: PubChem:134024 [Term] @@ -57623,7 +57623,7 @@ synonym: "chlorhexidine acetate" EXACT [] synonym: "chlorhexidine digluconate" EXACT [] synonym: "chlorhexidine gluconate" EXACT [] xref: CAS:55-56-1 -xref: ChEBI:3614 +xref: CHEBI:3614 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL790 xref: PubChem:9552079 @@ -57686,7 +57686,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is used in veterinary medicine predominately for dogs and cats but is sometimes used for other animals." [PMID:9278889] is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic xref: CAS:93106-60-6 -xref: ChEBI:35720 +xref: CHEBI:35720 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL15511 xref: PubChem:71188 @@ -57697,7 +57697,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Marbofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is used in veterinary medicine predominately for dogs and cats." [] is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic xref: CAS:115550-35-1 -xref: ChEBI:132230 +xref: CHEBI:132230 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL478120 xref: PubChem:60651 @@ -57859,7 +57859,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cilastatin is often prescribed with imipenem as a beta-lactam potentiator. Cilastatin inhibits enzymatic renal dehydropeptidase, which hydrolyzes imipenem, thereby preventing the metabolism of imipenem in vivo and maintaining longer antibiotic exposure and effect." [] is_a: ARO:3007226 ! host-related antibiotic adjuvants xref: CAS:82009-34-5 -xref: ChEBI:3697 +xref: CHEBI:3697 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL766 xref: PubChem:6435415 @@ -57922,7 +57922,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3000707 ! antibiotic mixture relationship: has_part ARO:0000060 ! ceftazidime relationship: has_part ARO:3000588 ! avibactam xref: CAS:1393723-27-7 -xref: ChEBI:85989 +xref: CHEBI:85989 xref: PubChem:77050660 [Term] @@ -57959,7 +57959,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "A fungal secondary metabolite which inhibits the action of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1." [PMID:35017068] is_a: ARO:3007136 ! unclassified metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor relationship: is_small_molecule_inhibitor ARO:3000589 ! NDM-1 -xref: ChEBI:209829 +xref: CHEBI:209829 xref: PubChem:146683214 [Term] @@ -57979,7 +57979,7 @@ synonym: "3',4',5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone" EXACT [] synonym: "Digitoflavone" EXACT [] synonym: "Luteolol" EXACT [] xref: CAS:491-70-3 -xref: ChEBI:15864 +xref: CHEBI:15864 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL151 xref: PubChem:5280445 @@ -57991,7 +57991,7 @@ def: "Pellitorine is a metabolite produced mainly in members of the Zanthoxylum, is_a: ARO:3007077 ! inhibitors of MsrA efflux pump synonym: "Pellitorin" EXACT [] xref: CAS:18836-52-7 -xref: ChEBI:69686 +xref: CHEBI:69686 xref: PubChem:5318516 [Term] @@ -58002,7 +58002,7 @@ def: "Piperic acid is a compound produced by members of the Piper genus. It has is_a: ARO:3007077 ! inhibitors of MsrA efflux pump synonym: "Piperonic acid" EXACT [] xref: CAS:136-72-1 -xref: ChEBI:37316 +xref: CHEBI:37316 xref: PubChem:5370536 [Term] @@ -58013,7 +58013,7 @@ def: "Tetraydropiperine is a derivative of piperine produced by members of the P is_a: ARO:3007077 ! inhibitors of MsrA efflux pump synonym: "Cosmoperine" EXACT [] synonym: "Tetrahydropiperin" EXACT [] -xref: ChEBI:184110 +xref: CHEBI:184110 xref: PubChem:581676 [Term] @@ -58029,7 +58029,7 @@ synonym: "Fsesamin" EXACT [] synonym: "Pseudocubebin" EXACT [] synonym: "Sezamin" EXACT [] xref: CAS:607-80-7 -xref: ChEBI:66470 +xref: CHEBI:66470 xref: PubChem:72307 [Term] @@ -58042,7 +58042,7 @@ synonym: "Biapenern" EXACT [] synonym: "Bipenem" EXACT [] synonym: "Omegacin" EXACT [] xref: CAS:120410-24-4 -xref: ChEBI:3089 +xref: CHEBI:3089 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL285347 xref: PubChem:71339 @@ -58118,7 +58118,7 @@ synonym: "Proftril" EXACT [] synonym: "Valbazen" EXACT [] synonym: "Zentel" EXACT [] xref: CAS:54965-21-8 -xref: ChEBI:16664 +xref: CHEBI:16664 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1483 xref: PubChem:2082 @@ -58136,7 +58136,7 @@ synonym: "Fluniget" EXACT [] synonym: "Fluodonil" EXACT [] synonym: "Flustar" EXACT [] xref: CAS:22494-42-4 -xref: ChEBI:39669 +xref: CHEBI:39669 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL898 xref: PubChem:3059 @@ -62750,7 +62750,7 @@ name: pyrrolomycin D namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." [PMID:36171648] is_a: ARO:3007615 ! pyrrolomycin antibiotic -xref: ChEBI:220079 +xref: CHEBI:220079 xref: PubChem:133780 [Term] @@ -62775,7 +62775,7 @@ name: pyrrolomycin F2a namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." [PMID:36171648] is_a: ARO:3007615 ! pyrrolomycin antibiotic -xref: ChEBI:222909 +xref: CHEBI:222909 xref: PubChem:181928 [Term] @@ -62784,7 +62784,7 @@ name: pyrrolomycin F2b namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." [PMID:36171648] is_a: ARO:3007615 ! pyrrolomycin antibiotic -xref: ChEBI:222903 +xref: CHEBI:222903 xref: PubChem:102115511 [Term] @@ -62809,7 +62809,7 @@ name: pyrrolomycin F3 namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." [PMID:36171648] is_a: ARO:3007615 ! pyrrolomycin antibiotic -xref: ChEBI:222896 +xref: CHEBI:222896 xref: PubChem:102115512 [Term] @@ -62826,7 +62826,7 @@ name: pyrrolomycin J namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." [PMID:36171648] is_a: ARO:3007615 ! pyrrolomycin antibiotic -xref: ChEBI:206255 +xref: CHEBI:206255 xref: PubChem:11337778 [Term] @@ -62842,7 +62842,7 @@ name: cadaside A namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cadasides are lipopeptides with antibiotic activity." [PMID:36168660] is_a: ARO:3007629 ! cadaside antibiotic -xref: ChEBI:226051 +xref: CHEBI:226051 xref: PubChem:146682091 [Term] @@ -62851,7 +62851,7 @@ name: cadaside B namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cadasides are lipopeptides with antibiotic activity." [PMID:36168660] is_a: ARO:3007629 ! cadaside antibiotic -xref: ChEBI:226057 +xref: CHEBI:226057 xref: PubChem:146682092 [Term] @@ -62925,7 +62925,7 @@ def: "Hygromycin A is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It i is_a: ARO:3000003 ! antibiotic without defined classification synonym: "totomycin" EXACT [] xref: CAS:6379-56-2 -xref: ChEBI:69414 +xref: CHEBI:69414 xref: PubChem:6433481 [Term] @@ -62934,7 +62934,7 @@ name: A201A namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "A201A is a nucleoside antibiotic. It inhibits translation by binding to the peptidyl transferase center on the large ribosomal subunit. This prevents the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site." [PMID:26028538] is_a: ARO:3000080 ! aminonucleoside antibiotic -xref: ChEBI:222171 +xref: CHEBI:222171 xref: PubChem:6441582 [Term] @@ -63061,7 +63061,7 @@ name: carmoisine namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Carmoisine is widely used as a food coloring agent. Carmoisine-mediated reduction of biofilm in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is due to its interaction with LasR and interference with the QS system." [PMID:37485898] is_a: ARO:3007225 ! adjuvants which alter physiology -xref: ChEBI:82414 +xref: CHEBI:82414 xref: PubChem:19118 [Term] @@ -63071,7 +63071,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Lipoxin A4 is a Specialized Pro-resolving Mediator and has direct effects on P. aeruginosa where it reduced biofilm formation and promoted ciprofloxacin antibiotic efficacy in a static biofilm-forming system. Further studies show lipoxin A4 can help antibiotic efficacy and promote monocyte activity against established P. aeruginosa biofilm formed under hydrodynamic conditions." [PMID:37462621] is_a: ARO:3007225 ! adjuvants which alter physiology synonym: "LxA4" EXACT [] -xref: ChEBI:6498 +xref: CHEBI:6498 xref: PubChem:5280914 [Term] @@ -63081,7 +63081,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "The production of pyocyanin by Pseudomonas aeruginosa increases its virulence, fitness and biofilm formation. Ascorbic acid combined with furanone-30 elevated quorum-sensing inhibition in P. aeruginosa, which was directly associated with significantly reduced virulence, adhesion, aggregation and biofilm formation and enhanced antibiotic-mediated bacterial killing." [PMID:37520362] is_a: ARO:3007225 ! adjuvants which alter physiology xref: CAS:50-81-7 -xref: ChEBI:29073 +xref: CHEBI:29073 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL196 xref: PubChem:54670067 @@ -63102,7 +63102,7 @@ name: nifuroxazide namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Nifuroxazide is an oral nitrofuran antibiotic used to treat colitis and diarrhea in humans and non-humans. It has recently been explored to be repurposed for parasitic diseases." [PMID:37409934] is_a: ARO:3004116 ! nitrofuran antibiotic -xref: ChEBI:135136 +xref: CHEBI:135136 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL244888 xref: PubChem:5337997 @@ -63127,7 +63127,7 @@ name: albicidin namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Albicidin phytotoxins produced by the sugarcane pathogen Xanthomonas albilineans is a potent DNA gyrase inhibitor with inhibitory effects significantly better than most DNA gyrase inhibitors. Albicidin acts primarily by inhibiting the religation of the cleaved DNA intermediate during the gyrase catalytic sequence similar to quinolones." [PMID:31451755, PMID:17074789] is_a: ARO:3000053 ! peptide antibiotic -xref: ChEBI:218232 +xref: CHEBI:218232 xref: PubChem:78322514 [Term] @@ -63153,7 +63153,7 @@ name: clerocidin namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Clerocidin is a terpenoid antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase. It is a natural diterpenoid which has been shown to selectively react with single-stranded bases without targeting the double helix." [PMID:12930966] is_a: ARO:3005172 ! terpene with antibiotic activity -xref: ChEBI:199447 +xref: CHEBI:199447 xref: PubChem:9896400 [Term] @@ -63292,7 +63292,7 @@ def: "Famotidine enhances the antibacterial activity of rifamycin antibiotics, e is_a: ARO:3007224 ! adjuvants inhibiting antibiotic removal is_a: ARO:3007225 ! adjuvants which alter physiology xref: CAS:76824-35-6 -xref: ChEBI:4975 +xref: CHEBI:4975 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL902 xref: PubChem:5702160 @@ -63305,7 +63305,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3004116 ! nitrofuran antibiotic synonym: "furagin" EXACT [] synonym: "furazidine" EXACT [] xref: CAS:1672-88-4 -xref: ChEBI:131714 +xref: CHEBI:131714 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL3707254 xref: PubChem:6870646 @@ -63325,7 +63325,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Chrysomycin A (ChryA) is a benzonaphthopyranone glycoside with rapid bactericidal activity that is highly active against S. aureus persisters, robustly eradicates biofilms in vitro, and shows a sustainable killing efficacy in vivo. Chrysomycin A belongs to the coumarin class of antibiotics which are known to bind gyrase subunit B and inhibit the enzyme function." [PMID:37540745] is_a: ARO:3000103 ! aminocoumarin antibiotic synonym: "ChryA" EXACT [] -xref: ChEBI:191084 +xref: CHEBI:191084 xref: PubChem:73468 [Term] @@ -63336,7 +63336,7 @@ def: "2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that was is_a: ARO:3005171 ! polyketide with antibiotic activity synonym: "DAPG" EXACT [] xref: CAS:2161-86-6 -xref: ChEBI:78688 +xref: CHEBI:78688 xref: PubChem:16547 [Term] @@ -63372,7 +63372,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Nifuratel is a nitrofuran antibiotic already in use for parasitic infections. It was effective against different serovars, including multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella Typhimurium, and in macrophages from different host species and against Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri. It reduced IL-10 and STAT3 production in infected macrophages which should increase the inflammatory response against Salmonella." [PMID:37732770] is_a: ARO:3004116 ! nitrofuran antibiotic xref: CAS:4936-47-4 -xref: ChEBI:135180 +xref: CHEBI:135180 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL514315 xref: PubChem:6433427 @@ -63382,7 +63382,7 @@ name: mutanobactin namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Mutanobactin is produced by a polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase hybrid system encoded by the mub locus. Mutanobactin-producing S. mutans inhibits planktonic and biofilm growth of E. faecalis and is active against other Enterococcus species and Staphylococcus aureus." [PMID:37745448] is_a: ARO:3000053 ! peptide antibiotic -xref: ChEBI:212062 +xref: CHEBI:212062 xref: PubChem:49850903 [Term] @@ -63393,7 +63393,7 @@ def: "Zidovudine is an antibiotic used in the management and treatment of HIV-1. is_a: ARO:3000034 ! nucleoside antibiotic synonym: "azidothymidine" EXACT [] xref: CAS:30516-87-1 -xref: ChEBI:10110 +xref: CHEBI:10110 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL129 xref: PubChem:35370 @@ -63405,7 +63405,7 @@ def: "Menadione exhibits antibacterial activity against methicillin-sensitive an is_a: ARO:3007225 ! adjuvants which alter physiology synonym: "vitamin K3" EXACT [] xref: CAS:58-27-5 -xref: ChEBI:28869 +xref: CHEBI:28869 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL590 xref: PubChem:4055 @@ -63416,7 +63416,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Selamectin is a topical antiparasitic medication for dogs and cats prescribed for various parasite infections. Exposure caused relevant cell surface alterations. A synergistic effect was observed between ampicillin and selamectin. Selamectin may represent a timely and promising macrocyclic lactone for the treatment of S. aureus infections." [PMID:37764086] is_a: ARO:3001318 ! macrocyclic antibiotic xref: CAS:165108-07-6 -xref: ChEBI:177562 +xref: CHEBI:177562 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1908325 xref: PubChem:9578507 @@ -63484,7 +63484,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Dexrazoxane is a medication used in the management and treatment of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and extravasation injuries. It was demonstrated to inhibit all tested metallo-beta-lactamases and showed an in vitro synergistic bactericidal effect with meropenem against metallo-beta-lactamases-producing bacteria. Dexrazoxane is a metal ion chelating agent." [PMID:37539785] is_a: ARO:3007222 ! inhibitor of antibiotic resistance mechanism xref: CAS:24584-09-6 -xref: ChEBI:50223 +xref: CHEBI:50223 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1738 xref: PubChem:71384 @@ -63839,7 +63839,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a phenolic lignan obtained from Larrea tridentata that has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases such as cancer, renal, cardiovascular, immunological, and neurological disorders, and even aging. The inhibition of NDM-1 by nordihydroguaiaretic acid involves its direct binding to the active region of NDM-1." [PMID:37539785] is_a: ARO:3007133 ! polypyridine metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor xref: CAS:500-38-9 -xref: ChEBI:7625 +xref: CHEBI:7625 xref: PubChem:4534 [Term] @@ -63849,7 +63849,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Embelin is a naturally occurring para-benzoquinone isolated from dried berries of Embelia ribes plants. Embelin has a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anthelmintic, antifertility and antimicrobial. It was demonstrated to inhibit all tested metallo-beta-lactamases and showed an in vitro synergistic bactericidal effect with meropenem against metallo-beta-lactamases-producing bacteria. Embelin is a metal ion chelating agent." [PMID:37539785] is_a: ARO:3007222 ! inhibitor of antibiotic resistance mechanism xref: CAS:550-24-3 -xref: ChEBI:4778 +xref: CHEBI:4778 xref: PubChem:3218 [Term] @@ -63859,7 +63859,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Candesartan is an anti-hypertensive drug that was found to have antibacterial activity against MDR S. aureus. It was demonstrated to inhibit all tested metallo-beta-lactamases and showed an in vitro synergistic bactericidal effect with meropenem against metallo-beta-lactamases-producing bacteria. Candesartan is a metal ion chelating agent." [PMID:37539785] is_a: ARO:3007222 ! inhibitor of antibiotic resistance mechanism xref: CAS:145040-37-5 -xref: ChEBI:3348 +xref: CHEBI:3348 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1014 xref: PubChem:2540 @@ -63887,7 +63887,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Betaxolol is a selective beta1 receptor blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and angina, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 19.3 plus or minus 0.9 uM significantly inhibiting the hydrolytic activity of the NDM-1 enzyme and may represent a potential NDM-1 enzyme inhibitor. BET combined with meropenem (MEM) showed bactericidal synergism in vitro. BET inhibited NDM-1 by competitively binding to it and that it can be developed in combination with MEM as a new therapy." [PMID:37686201] is_a: ARO:3007136 ! unclassified metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor xref: CAS:63659-18-7 -xref: ChEBI:3082 +xref: CHEBI:3082 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL423 xref: PubChem:2369 @@ -63920,7 +63920,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3005171 ! polyketide with antibiotic activity synonym: "Lasalocid" EXACT [] synonym: "Lasalocide" EXACT [] xref: CAS:25999-31-9 -xref: ChEBI:92181 +xref: CHEBI:92181 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL145347 xref: PubChem:5360807 @@ -63932,7 +63932,7 @@ def: "Calcimycin (A23187) is a polyether antibiotic and divalent cation ionophor is_a: ARO:3005163 ! ionophore with antibiotic activity synonym: "A23187" EXACT [] xref: CAS:52665-69-7 -xref: ChEBI:3305 +xref: CHEBI:3305 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1256686 xref: PubChem:11957499 @@ -63943,7 +63943,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Ophiobolin A is a sesterterpene which was initially isolated as fungal phytotoxins and subsequently shown to possess other biological activities, including anticancer activities." [PMID:38131643] is_a: ARO:3005172 ! terpene with antibiotic activity xref: CAS:4611-05-6 -xref: ChEBI:7777 +xref: CHEBI:7777 xref: PubChem:5281387 [Term] @@ -63952,7 +63952,7 @@ name: sphaeropsidin A namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Sphaeropsidin A is a tetracyclic pimarane diterpene, first isolated as the main phytotoxin produced by Diplodia cupressir, the causal agent of a severe canker disease of Italian cypress, Cupressus sempervirens L." [PMID:38131643] is_a: ARO:3005172 ! terpene with antibiotic activity -xref: ChEBI:69494 +xref: CHEBI:69494 xref: PubChem:51361447 [Term] @@ -63962,7 +63962,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Fengycin is an antifungal lipopeptide complex produced by Bacillus subtilis strain F-29-3. It inhibits filamentous fungi and is used as an agricultural fungicide." [PMID:29376372, PMID:38092837] is_a: ARO:3000035 ! lipopeptide antibiotic xref: CAS:102577-03-7 -xref: ChEBI:29583 +xref: CHEBI:29583 xref: PubChem:443591 [Term] @@ -63981,7 +63981,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Tulathromycin is an antibacterial of the macrolide class of drugs. It is a 15-membered macrolide structure and considered a triamilide macrolide with three charged nitrogens. It is derived from azalide macrolides, such as azithromycin." [PMID:16094557] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: CAS:217500-96-4 -xref: ChEBI:182495 +xref: CHEBI:182495 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL5314550 xref: PubChem:9832301 @@ -63992,7 +63992,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Gamithromycin, a novel semi-synthetic macrolide, is approved for the treatment and prevention of bovine respiratory disease. It plays a bacteriostatic and bactericidal role by inhibiting the ribosomal 50S subunit." [PMID:31680940] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: CAS:145435-72-9 -xref: ChEBI:195437 +xref: CHEBI:195437 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL2107342 xref: PubChem:59364992 @@ -64018,7 +64018,7 @@ name: Marinomycin A namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Marinomycin A is a member of a new class of bis-salicylate-containing polyene macrodiolides, which have potent antibiotic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium." [PMID:16448135] is_a: ARO:3007763 ! Marinomycin -xref: ChEBI:213454 +xref: CHEBI:213454 xref: PubChem:129700316 [Term] @@ -64027,7 +64027,7 @@ name: Marinomycin B namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Marinomycin B is a member of a new class of bis-salicylate-containing polyene macrodiolides, which have potent antibiotic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium." [PMID:16448135] is_a: ARO:3007763 ! Marinomycin -xref: ChEBI:221380 +xref: CHEBI:221380 xref: PubChem:11557098 [Term] @@ -64044,7 +64044,7 @@ name: Marinomycin D namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Marinomycin D is a member of a new class of bis-salicylate-containing polyene macrodiolides, which have potent antibiotic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium." [PMID:16448135] is_a: ARO:3007763 ! Marinomycin -xref: ChEBI:212156 +xref: CHEBI:212156 xref: PubChem:42617892 [Term] @@ -64053,7 +64053,7 @@ name: tetronomycin namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Tetronomycin, C34H50O8, isolated from a strain of Streptomyces sp. nov. represents a novel polycyclic ionophore polyether." [PMID:7076564] is_a: ARO:3005163 ! ionophore with antibiotic activity -xref: ChEBI:220058 +xref: CHEBI:220058 xref: PubChem:44472823 [Term] @@ -64062,7 +64062,7 @@ name: cezomycin namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cezomycin is a polyether divalent cation ionophore secondary metabolite produced by Streptomyces chartreusis." [PMID:29654174] is_a: ARO:3005163 ! ionophore with antibiotic activity -xref: ChEBI:223155 +xref: CHEBI:223155 xref: PubChem:134368 [Term] @@ -64095,7 +64095,7 @@ name: valinomycin namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Valinomycin is a depsipeptide antibiotic which selectively translocates potassium across biologic membranes. This potassium ionophore was observed to inhibit phytohemagglutinin-stimulated blastogenesis and proliferation in human lymphocytes." [PMID:1068473] is_a: ARO:3005163 ! ionophore with antibiotic activity -xref: ChEBI:28545 +xref: CHEBI:28545 xref: PubChem:3000706 [Term] @@ -64158,7 +64158,7 @@ name: halolitoralin A namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Halolitoralin A is an alanine-rich cyclic hexapeptide. It exhibits potent activity against the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes and the gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Gram negative bacteria were found to be more sensitive than gram positive bacteria. It was also found to exhibit moderate anthelmintic activity against the earthworms Megascoplex konkanensis and Eudrilus sp." [PMID:34677431] is_a: ARO:3007779 ! halolitoralin -xref: ChEBI:207984 +xref: CHEBI:207984 xref: PubChem:139588131 [Term] @@ -64167,7 +64167,7 @@ name: halolitoralin B namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Halolitoralin B is an alanine-rich cyclic hexapeptide. It exhibits potent activity against the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes and the gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Gram negative bacteria were found to be more sensitive than gram positive bacteria. It was also found to exhibit moderate anthelmintic activity against the earthworms Megascoplex konkanensis and Eudrilus sp." [PMID:34677431] is_a: ARO:3007779 ! halolitoralin -xref: ChEBI:198143 +xref: CHEBI:198143 xref: PubChem:132493269 [Term] @@ -64176,7 +64176,7 @@ name: halolitoralin C namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Halolitoralin C is an alanine-rich cyclic hexapeptide. It exhibits potent activity against the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes and the gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Gram negative bacteria were found to be more sensitive than gram positive bacteria. It was also found to exhibit moderate anthelmintic activity against the earthworms Megascoplex konkanensis and Eudrilus sp." [PMID:34677431] is_a: ARO:3007779 ! halolitoralin -xref: ChEBI:221356 +xref: CHEBI:221356 xref: PubChem:11812205 [Term] @@ -64203,7 +64203,7 @@ def: "Nocardamine is a cyclic trihydroxamate. It belongs to a group of microbial is_a: ARO:3000053 ! peptide antibiotic synonym: "Deferrioxamine E" EXACT [] synonym: "nocardamin" EXACT [] -xref: ChEBI:50437 +xref: CHEBI:50437 xref: PubChem:161532 [Term] @@ -64219,7 +64219,7 @@ name: tartrolon A namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Tartrolons are a group of boron-containing (excluding tartrolon A) macrolide antibiotics discovered in 1994 from the culture broth of the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum." [PMID:7532644] is_a: ARO:3007786 ! Tartrolon -xref: ChEBI:189235 +xref: CHEBI:189235 xref: PubChem:10440589 [Term] @@ -64236,7 +64236,7 @@ name: tartrolon D namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Tartrolons are a group of boron-containing (excluding tartrolon A) macrolide antibiotics discovered in 1994 from the culture broth of the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum." [PMID:7532644] is_a: ARO:3007786 ! Tartrolon -xref: ChEBI:206040 +xref: CHEBI:206040 xref: PubChem:44614261 [Term] @@ -64245,7 +64245,7 @@ name: tartrolon F namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Tartrolons are a group of boron-containing (excluding tartrolon A) macrolide antibiotics discovered in 1994 from the culture broth of the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum." [PMID:7532644] is_a: ARO:3007786 ! Tartrolon -xref: ChEBI:212069 +xref: CHEBI:212069 xref: PubChem:138320073 [Term] @@ -64254,7 +64254,7 @@ name: tartrolon G namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Tartrolons are a group of boron-containing (excluding tartrolon A) macrolide antibiotics discovered in 1994 from the culture broth of the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum." [PMID:7532644] is_a: ARO:3007786 ! Tartrolon -xref: ChEBI:212075 +xref: CHEBI:212075 xref: PubChem:138320074 [Term] @@ -64264,7 +64264,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Aplasmomycin was isolated from a broth cultivated with a marine isolate of actinomycete, and inhibits Gram-positive bacteria in vitro and Plasmodium berghei in vivo. It is a natural ionophore." [PMID:30089869] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: CAS:61230-25-9 -xref: ChEBI:32617 +xref: CHEBI:32617 xref: PubChem:23697358 [Term] @@ -64274,7 +64274,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Boromycin is a bacteriocidal polyether-macrolide antibiotic initially isolated from the Streptomyces antibioticus. It is effective against most Gram-positive bacteria, but is ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria." [PMID:30089869] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: CAS:34524-20-4 -xref: ChEBI:77880 +xref: CHEBI:77880 xref: PubChem:6436027 [Term] @@ -74788,7 +74788,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cefazedone is a semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefazedone binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall." [] is_a: ARO:3009105 ! first-generation cephalosporin xref: CAS:56187-47-4 -xref: ChEBI:131731 +xref: CHEBI:131731 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL2107636 xref: PubChem:71736 @@ -74799,7 +74799,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cefatrizine is a broad-spectrum, semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefatrizine binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall causing cell lysis." [] is_a: ARO:3009105 ! first-generation cephalosporin xref: CAS:51627-14-6 -xref: ChEBI:131730 +xref: CHEBI:131730 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1095284 xref: PubChem:6410758 @@ -74811,7 +74811,7 @@ def: "Cefacetrile is a broad-spectrum first-generation cephalosporin with antiba is_a: ARO:3009105 ! first-generation cephalosporin synonym: "cephacetrile" EXACT [] xref: CAS:10206-21-0 -xref: ChEBI:135437 +xref: CHEBI:135437 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL2110602 xref: PubChem:91562 @@ -74823,7 +74823,7 @@ def: "Cefroxadine is a semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin with antibac is_a: ARO:3009105 ! first-generation cephalosporin synonym: "cephroxadine" EXACT [] xref: CAS:51762-05-1 -xref: ChEBI:31379 +xref: CHEBI:31379 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL3186538 xref: PubChem:5284529 @@ -74835,7 +74835,7 @@ def: "Ceftezole is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with antibacteria is_a: ARO:3009105 ! first-generation cephalosporin synonym: "cephtezole" EXACT [] xref: CAS:26973-24-0 -xref: ChEBI:135716 +xref: CHEBI:135716 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1697829 xref: PubChem:65755 @@ -74847,7 +74847,7 @@ def: "Ceforanide is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is effectiv is_a: ARO:3009106 ! second-generation cephalosporin synonym: "cephoranide" EXACT [] xref: CAS:60925-61-3 -xref: ChEBI:3495 +xref: CHEBI:3495 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1201046 xref: PubChem:43507 @@ -74859,7 +74859,7 @@ def: "Cefminox is a second-generation cephalosporin and cephamycin antibiotic. I is_a: ARO:3009106 ! second-generation cephalosporin synonym: "cephminox" EXACT [] xref: CAS:84305-41-9 -xref: ChEBI:135817 +xref: CHEBI:135817 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1276342 xref: PubChem:71141 @@ -74870,7 +74870,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cefbuperazone is a second-generation cephalosporin and cephamycin antibiotic." [] is_a: ARO:3009106 ! second-generation cephalosporin xref: CAS:76610-84-9 -xref: ChEBI:135856 +xref: CHEBI:135856 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1908372 xref: PubChem:127527 @@ -74881,7 +74881,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cefmenoxime is a broad-spectrum and third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is typically used in the treatment of female gynecologic and obstetric infections. It is reported to exhibit high activity against a wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria." [] is_a: ARO:3009107 ! third-generation cephalosporin xref: CAS:65085-01-0 -xref: ChEBI:55490 +xref: CHEBI:55490 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1201224 xref: PubChem:9570757 @@ -74893,7 +74893,7 @@ def: "Cefodizime is a third-generation, aminothiazolyl cephalosporin for parente is_a: ARO:3009107 ! third-generation cephalosporin synonym: "cephodizime" EXACT [] xref: CAS:69739-16-8 -xref: ChEBI:63214 +xref: CHEBI:63214 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL2303613 xref: PubChem:5361871 @@ -74904,7 +74904,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cefpiramide is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic." [] is_a: ARO:3009107 ! third-generation cephalosporin xref: CAS:70797-11-4 -xref: ChEBI:59213 +xref: CHEBI:59213 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1201204 xref: PubChem:636405 @@ -74915,7 +74915,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cefteram is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic compound." [] is_a: ARO:3009107 ! third-generation cephalosporin xref: CAS:82547-58-8 -xref: ChEBI:135776 +xref: CHEBI:135776 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL2105953 xref: PubChem:6537431 @@ -74927,7 +74927,7 @@ def: "Cefozopran is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spec is_a: ARO:3009108 ! fourth-generation cephalosporin synonym: "cephozopran" EXACT [] xref: CAS:113359-04-9 -xref: ChEBI:3502 +xref: CHEBI:3502 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1276663 xref: PubChem:9571080 @@ -74959,7 +74959,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Azidocillin is a narrow-spectrum, semisynthetic penicillin derivative with antibacterial activity." [] is_a: ARO:3009124 ! beta-lactamase sensitive penicillin xref: CAS:17243-38-8 -xref: ChEBI:51758 +xref: CHEBI:51758 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL2105907 xref: PubChem:15574941 @@ -74970,7 +74970,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Phenethicillin is a penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group. It is a penicillin compound with antibacterial activity." [] is_a: ARO:3009124 ! beta-lactamase sensitive penicillin xref: CAS:147-55-7 -xref: ChEBI:52427 +xref: CHEBI:52427 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1614637 xref: PubChem:272833 @@ -74981,7 +74981,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Penamecillin is a semisynthetic derivative penicillanic acid ester that is the acetoxymethyl ester of benzylpenicillin. It is a prodrug for benzylpenicillin with antibacterial activity." [] is_a: ARO:3009124 ! beta-lactamase sensitive penicillin xref: CAS:983-85-7 -xref: ChEBI:131733 +xref: CHEBI:131733 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL2106988 xref: PubChem:10250769 @@ -74992,7 +74992,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Clometocillin is a penicillin that is benzylpenicillin in which the phenylacetyl group has been replaced by a (3,4-dichlorophenyl)(methoxy)acetyl group. It is a semisynthetic penicillin derivative with antibacterial activity." [] is_a: ARO:3009124 ! beta-lactamase sensitive penicillin xref: CAS:1926-49-4 -xref: ChEBI:131732 +xref: CHEBI:131732 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL2106548 xref: PubChem:71807 @@ -75003,7 +75003,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Pivampicillin is a semisynthetic, orally active pivalate ester of ampicillin with antibacterial activity." [] is_a: ARO:3009123 ! penicillin with extended spectrum xref: CAS:33817-20-8 -xref: ChEBI:8255 +xref: CHEBI:8255 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL3182343 xref: PubChem:33478 @@ -75015,7 +75015,7 @@ def: "Epicillin is an extended-spectrum, semisynthetic aminopenicillin with anti is_a: ARO:3009123 ! penicillin with extended spectrum synonym: "dexacillin" EXACT [] xref: CAS:26774-90-3 -xref: ChEBI:58974 +xref: CHEBI:58974 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL2104266 xref: PubChem:71392 @@ -75026,7 +75026,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Hetacillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin compound with bactericidal properties. Hetacillin is a prodrug that is converted to ampicillin via esterases." [] is_a: ARO:3009123 ! penicillin with extended spectrum xref: CAS:3511-16-8 -xref: ChEBI:5683 +xref: CHEBI:5683 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1201116 xref: PubChem:443387 @@ -75037,7 +75037,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Aspoxicillin is a broad-spectrum, semisynthetic penicillin derivative with antibacterial activity." [] is_a: ARO:3009123 ! penicillin with extended spectrum xref: CAS:63358-49-6 -xref: ChEBI:31240 +xref: CHEBI:31240 xref: ChEMBL:CHEMBL1318150 xref: PubChem:71961 From 29aad6627bdb46704ccc5dc4a6dcf12da3eb5c77 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chris Mungall Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2025 07:47:52 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Added CHEBI mappings. Fixes #21 --- src/ontology/aro.obo | 277 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 277 insertions(+) diff --git a/src/ontology/aro.obo b/src/ontology/aro.obo index 1bfd1d1..3cd12fe 100644 --- a/src/ontology/aro.obo +++ b/src/ontology/aro.obo @@ -194,6 +194,7 @@ synonym: "Mikavir" EXACT [] synonym: "amikacine" EXACT [] synonym: "mikacin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:37768 +xref: CHEBI:2637 [Term] id: ARO:0000014 @@ -229,6 +230,7 @@ synonym: "Meticillinum" EXACT [] synonym: "Staphcillin" EXACT [] synonym: "meticillin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:6087 +xref: CHEBI:6827 [Term] id: ARO:0000016 @@ -256,6 +258,7 @@ synonym: "Florimycin" EXACT [] synonym: "Tuberactinomycin B" EXACT [] synonym: "Viocin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:135398671 +xref: CHEBI:15782 [Term] id: ARO:0000020 @@ -276,6 +279,7 @@ synonym: "ribastamin" EXACT [] synonym: "vistamycin" EXACT [] synonym: "xylostatin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:33042 +xref: CHEBI:45257 [Term] id: ARO:0000022 @@ -293,6 +297,7 @@ is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic synonym: "Enroxil" EXACT [] synonym: "Penetrex" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:3229 +xref: CHEBI:157175 [Term] id: ARO:0000024 @@ -303,6 +308,7 @@ is_a: ARO:0000016 ! aminoglycoside antibiotic synonym: "ambutyrosin sulfate" EXACT [] synonym: "butirosin sulphate" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:72393 +xref: CHEBI:65109 [Term] id: ARO:0000025 @@ -314,6 +320,7 @@ synonym: "(1R,2S)-1,2-epoxy-propylphosphonic acid" EXACT [] synonym: "phosphomycin" EXACT [] synonym: "phosphonomycin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:73491 +xref: CHEBI:28915 [Term] id: ARO:0000026 @@ -329,6 +336,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Roxithromycin is a semi-synthetic, 14-carbon ring macrolide antibiotic derived from erythromycin. It is used to treat respiratory tract, urinary and soft tissue infections. Roxithromycin may possess bacteriocidal activity, particularly at higher concentrations by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial 70S rRNA complex, protein synthesis and subsequently structure/function processes critical for life or replication are inhibited." [PMID:15980346, PMID:10582867] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: PubChem:6915744 +xref: CHEBI:48844 [Term] id: ARO:0000028 @@ -338,6 +346,7 @@ def: "Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatm is_a: ARO:3000081 ! glycopeptide antibiotic synonym: "Vancocin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:14969 +xref: CHEBI:28001 [Term] id: ARO:0000029 @@ -348,6 +357,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3000081 ! glycopeptide antibiotic synonym: "targocid" EXACT [] synonym: "teichomycin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:16129712 +xref: CHEBI:29687 [Term] id: ARO:0000030 @@ -357,6 +367,7 @@ def: "Tigecycline is an glycylcycline antibiotic. It works by inhibiting action is_a: ARO:0000042 ! glycylcycline synonym: "Tygacil" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:54686904 +xref: CHEBI:149836 [Term] id: ARO:0000031 @@ -392,6 +403,7 @@ synonym: "rickamicin" EXACT [] synonym: "sisomycin" EXACT [] synonym: "sissomicin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:36119 +xref: CHEBI:9169 [Term] id: ARO:0000036 @@ -404,6 +416,7 @@ synonym: "Cipro" EXACT [] synonym: "Ciprobay" EXACT [] synonym: "Ciproxan" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:2764 +xref: CHEBI:100241 [Term] id: ARO:0000037 @@ -415,6 +428,7 @@ synonym: "ambylan" EXACT [] synonym: "apralan" EXACT [] synonym: "nebramycin II" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:3081545 +xref: CHEBI:2790 [Term] id: ARO:0000038 @@ -439,6 +453,7 @@ synonym: "Spectam" EXACT [] synonym: "Togamycin" EXACT [] synonym: "Trobicin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:15541 +xref: CHEBI:9215 [Term] id: ARO:0000040 @@ -451,6 +466,7 @@ synonym: "streptomycin A" EXACT [] synonym: "streptomycin sulfate" EXACT [] synonym: "streptomycin sulphate" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:19649 +xref: CHEBI:17076 [Term] id: ARO:0000041 @@ -495,6 +511,7 @@ synonym: "Geopen" EXACT [] synonym: "Microcillin" EXACT [] synonym: "Pyopen" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:20824 +xref: CHEBI:3393 [Term] id: ARO:0000045 @@ -531,6 +548,7 @@ synonym: "Lincomycin A" EXACT [] synonym: "Lincomycine" EXACT [] synonym: "Lincomycinum" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:3000540 +xref: CHEBI:6472 [Term] id: ARO:0000047 @@ -542,6 +560,7 @@ synonym: "Puromycin dihydrochloride" EXACT [] synonym: "Puromycin hydrochloride" EXACT [] synonym: "Stylomycin dihydrochloride" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:439530 +xref: CHEBI:17939 [Term] id: ARO:0000049 @@ -558,6 +577,7 @@ synonym: "Kanamycinum" EXACT [] synonym: "Kantrex" EXACT [] synonym: "kanamycin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:6032 +xref: CHEBI:17630 [Term] id: ARO:0000050 @@ -583,6 +603,7 @@ synonym: "Enterocycline" EXACT [] synonym: "Sumycin" EXACT [] synonym: "Tsiklomistsin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:54675776 +xref: CHEBI:27902 [Term] id: ARO:0000052 @@ -601,6 +622,7 @@ synonym: "Tobramitsetin" EXACT [] synonym: "Tobramycetin" EXACT [] synonym: "Tobrex" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:36294 +xref: CHEBI:28864 [Term] id: ARO:0000053 @@ -631,6 +653,7 @@ synonym: "Bicozamycin" EXACT [] synonym: "Bicozamycine" EXACT [] synonym: "Bicozamycinum" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:65807 +xref: CHEBI:60584 [Term] id: ARO:0000056 @@ -648,6 +671,7 @@ synonym: "Oxazocilline" EXACT [] synonym: "Prostaphlin" EXACT [] synonym: "Prostaphlyn" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:6196 +xref: CHEBI:7809 [Term] id: ARO:0000057 @@ -660,6 +684,7 @@ synonym: "HMR3647" EXACT [] synonym: "Ketek" EXACT [] synonym: "Levviax" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:3002190 +xref: CHEBI:29688 [Term] id: ARO:0000058 @@ -678,6 +703,7 @@ synonym: "Cephazolin" EXACT [] synonym: "Cephazoline" EXACT [] synonym: "Elzogram" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:33255 +xref: CHEBI:474053 [Term] id: ARO:0000059 @@ -691,6 +717,7 @@ synonym: "Cefepimum" EXACT [] synonym: "FEP" EXACT [] synonym: "Maxipime" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:5479537 +xref: CHEBI:478164 [Term] id: ARO:0000060 @@ -709,6 +736,7 @@ synonym: "caftazidime" EXACT [] synonym: "ceftazidima" EXACT [] synonym: "ceftazidimum" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:5481173 +xref: CHEBI:3508 [Term] id: ARO:0000061 @@ -720,6 +748,7 @@ synonym: "Ceftobiprole medocaril" EXACT [] synonym: "Zeftera" EXACT [] synonym: "Zevtera" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:135413542 +xref: CHEBI:140407 [Term] id: ARO:0000062 @@ -738,6 +767,7 @@ synonym: "Longacef" EXACT [] synonym: "Longaceph" EXACT [] synonym: "Rocephin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:5479530 +xref: CHEBI:29007 [Term] id: ARO:0000063 @@ -755,6 +785,7 @@ synonym: "Cephuroxime" EXACT [] synonym: "Sharox" EXACT [] synonym: "Zinacef" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:5479529 +xref: CHEBI:3515 [Term] id: ARO:0000064 @@ -794,6 +825,7 @@ synonym: "Macladin" EXACT [] synonym: "Naxy" EXACT [] synonym: "Veclam" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:84029 +xref: CHEBI:3732 [Term] id: ARO:0000066 @@ -811,6 +843,7 @@ synonym: "Clindamycinum" EXACT [] synonym: "Clinimycin" EXACT [] synonym: "Sobelin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:446598 +xref: CHEBI:3745 [Term] id: ARO:0000067 @@ -835,6 +868,7 @@ synonym: "Daptomycine" EXACT [] synonym: "Daptomycinum" EXACT [] synonym: "Deptomycin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:16134395 +xref: CHEBI:600103 [Term] id: ARO:0000069 @@ -852,6 +886,7 @@ synonym: "Vibramycin" EXACT [] synonym: "Vibramycine" EXACT [] synonym: "Vibravenos" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:54671203 +xref: CHEBI:50845 [Term] id: ARO:0000070 @@ -862,6 +897,7 @@ is_a: ARO:0000020 ! carbapenem synonym: "ERT" EXACT [] synonym: "Invanz" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:150610 +xref: CHEBI:404903 [Term] id: ARO:0000071 @@ -872,6 +908,7 @@ is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic synonym: "Levaquin" EXACT [] synonym: "Tavanic" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:149096 +xref: CHEBI:63598 [Term] id: ARO:0000072 @@ -884,6 +921,7 @@ synonym: "Zyvoxa" EXACT [] synonym: "Zyvoxam" EXACT [] synonym: "Zyvoxid" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:441401 +xref: CHEBI:63607 [Term] id: ARO:0000073 @@ -898,6 +936,7 @@ synonym: "Meropenem anhydrous" EXACT [] synonym: "Meropenemum" EXACT [] synonym: "Merrem" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:441130 +xref: CHEBI:43968 [Term] id: ARO:0000074 @@ -912,6 +951,7 @@ synonym: "MXFX" EXACT [] synonym: "Moxifloxacin hydrochloride" EXACT [] synonym: "Vigamox" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:152946 +xref: CHEBI:63611 [Term] id: ARO:0000075 @@ -929,6 +969,7 @@ synonym: "Macrodantin" EXACT [] synonym: "Macrodantina" EXACT [] synonym: "Nitrofuradantin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:6604200 +xref: CHEBI:71415 [Term] id: ARO:0000076 @@ -979,6 +1020,7 @@ synonym: "Pipercillin" EXACT [] synonym: "Pipracil" EXACT [] synonym: "Pipril" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:43672 +xref: CHEBI:8232 [Term] id: ARO:0000079 @@ -1282,6 +1324,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Ristocetin is a glycopeptide antibiotic similar to vancomycin but positively charged. It is not used clinically because it induces platelet agglutination." [PMID:2532132, PMID:17620] is_a: ARO:3000081 ! glycopeptide antibiotic xref: PubChem:16204749 +xref: CHEBI:85129 [Term] id: ARO:3000023 @@ -1730,6 +1773,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3000103 ! aminocoumarin antibiotic synonym: "cathomycin" EXACT [] synonym: "streptonivicin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:54675769 +xref: CHEBI:28368 [Term] id: ARO:3000112 @@ -1804,6 +1848,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Balhimycin is a vancomycin-like glycopeptide antibiotic produced by Amycolatopsis balhimycina. It binds to the terminal Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala of peptidoglycan precursors." [PMID:11495926, PMID:10390204, PMID:11932455, PMID:9761883, PMID:16730832] is_a: ARO:3000081 ! glycopeptide antibiotic xref: PubChem:16134543 +xref: CHEBI:47250 [Term] id: ARO:3000121 @@ -1889,6 +1934,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Clorobiocin is an aminocoumarin antibiotic produced by Streptomyces roseochromogenes, and binds DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling." [PMID:12044152, PMID:8231802, PMID:6154685] is_a: ARO:3000103 ! aminocoumarin antibiotic xref: PubChem:54706138 +xref: CHEBI:47302 [Term] id: ARO:3000133 @@ -1933,6 +1979,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Tylosin is a 16-membered macrolide, naturally produced by Streptomyces fradiae. It interacts with the bacterial ribosome 50S subunit to inhibit protein synthesis." [PMID:19793461] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: PubChem:5280440 +xref: CHEBI:17658 [Term] id: ARO:3000149 @@ -1952,6 +1999,7 @@ def: "Coumermycin A1 is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces rishiriensis, and is_a: ARO:3000103 ! aminocoumarin antibiotic synonym: "Notomycin A1" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:54675768 +xref: CHEBI:3907 [Term] id: ARO:3000151 @@ -1968,6 +2016,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Minocycline is second generation semi-synthetic derivative of the tetracycline group of antibiotics. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and preventing the aminotransferase-tRNA from associating with the ribosome." [PMID:19862477, PMID:11381101] is_a: ARO:3000050 ! tetracycline antibiotic xref: PubChem:54675783 +xref: CHEBI:50694 [Term] id: ARO:3000153 @@ -2017,6 +2066,7 @@ def: "Azithromycin is a 15-membered macrolide and falls under the subclass of az is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic synonym: "AZM" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:447043 +xref: CHEBI:2955 [Term] id: ARO:3000159 @@ -2092,6 +2142,7 @@ def: "Rifampin is a semi-synthetic rifamycin, and inhibits RNA synthesis by bind is_a: ARO:3000157 ! rifamycin antibiotic synonym: "rifampicin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:135398735 +xref: CHEBI:28077 [Term] id: ARO:3000170 @@ -2101,6 +2152,7 @@ def: "Imipenem is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and is usually taken with cilastat is_a: ARO:0000020 ! carbapenem synonym: "IMI" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:104838 +xref: CHEBI:471744 [Term] id: ARO:3000171 @@ -2157,6 +2209,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Dirithromycin is an oxazine derivative of erythromycin, sharing the 14-carbon macrolide ring. The antibiotic binds to the 50S subunit of the ribosome to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis." [PMID:7683018] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: PubChem:6473883 +xref: CHEBI:474014 [Term] id: ARO:3000177 @@ -2235,6 +2288,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Chloroeremomycin is a vancomycin-like glycopeptide, with three sugars instead of two in vancomycin and balhimycin. Chloroeremomycin dimerizes and binds to the terminus of peptidoglycan precursors." [PMID:9545426, PMID:11035791, PMID:11942828] is_a: ARO:3000081 ! glycopeptide antibiotic xref: PubChem:445806 +xref: CHEBI:29556 [Term] id: ARO:3000185 @@ -2273,6 +2327,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Trimethoprim is a synthetic 5-(3,4,5- trimethoxybenzyl) pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, inhibiting synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid. Tetrahydrofolic acid is an essential precursor in the de novo synthesis of the DNA nucleotide thymidine. Trimethoprim is a bacteriostatic antibiotic mainly used in the prophylaxis and treatment of urinary tract infections in combination with sulfamethoxazole, a sulfonamide antibiotic." [PMID:18024520, PMID:11432417] is_a: ARO:3000171 ! diaminopyrimidine antibiotic xref: PubChem:5578 +xref: CHEBI:45924 [Term] id: ARO:3000189 @@ -2281,6 +2336,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Oritavancin is a semi-synthetic derivative of chloroeremomycin, a vancomycin-like glycopeptide. Oritavancin inhibits both transglycosylation and transpeptidation, by binding both the D-Ala-D-Ala and pentaglycine bridge segments of peptidoglycan to inhibit cell wall formation." [PMID:18258256, PMID:27904526, PMID:15954849] is_a: ARO:3000081 ! glycopeptide antibiotic xref: PubChem:16136912 +xref: CHEBI:82699 [Term] id: ARO:3000190 @@ -2432,6 +2488,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Gramicidin S is a cyclical decapeptide with two pentapeptides (Val-Orn-Leu-D-Phe-Pro) joined head to tail. Like other gramicidins, Gramicidin S disrupts membrane permeability of cations while also destabilizing the membrane at higher concentrations." [PMID:10590309, PMID:8836773] is_a: ARO:3000123 ! gramicidin xref: PubChem:73357 +xref: CHEBI:5530 [Term] id: ARO:3000201 @@ -2547,6 +2604,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Hygromycin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Hygromycin B works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Hygromycin B has also been shown to interact with eukaryotic cells." [PMID:10103173, PMID:11163189] is_a: ARO:0000016 ! aminoglycoside antibiotic xref: PubChem:35766 +xref: CHEBI:16976 [Term] id: ARO:3000215 @@ -2622,6 +2680,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Gramicidin A is the most abundant (more than 80%) of the three gramicidins in gramicidin D, with a tryptophan in position 11. Gramicidins form dimers in the bacterial membrane that increase the permeability of cations." [PMID:17572379] is_a: ARO:3000123 ! gramicidin xref: PubChem:16132269 +xref: CHEBI:80115 [Term] id: ARO:3000223 @@ -2630,6 +2689,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Gramicidin B is one of the three gramicidins in gramicidin D, with a phenylalanine in position 11. It is structurally similar to gramicidin A, but its ability to induce the assembly of bilayers is reduced. Gramicidins form dimers in the bacterial membrane that increase the permeability of cations." [PMID:17572379] is_a: ARO:3000123 ! gramicidin xref: PubChem:25244501 +xref: CHEBI:188873 [Term] id: ARO:3000224 @@ -2664,6 +2724,7 @@ def: "Tyrothricin is a mixture of antibiotics including tyrocidines and gramicid is_a: ARO:3000707 ! antibiotic mixture relationship: has_part ARO:3000123 ! gramicidin xref: PubChem:452550 +xref: CHEBI:201397 [Term] id: ARO:3000228 @@ -3007,6 +3068,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Brodimoprim is a structural derivative of trimethoprim and an inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase. The 4-methoxy group of trimethoprim is replaced with a bromine atom." [PMID:7562018, PMID:10026296, PMID:8195838] is_a: ARO:3000171 ! diaminopyrimidine antibiotic xref: PubChem:68760 +xref: CHEBI:131726 [Term] id: ARO:3000270 @@ -3046,6 +3108,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Tetroxoprim is a trimethoprim derivative that inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase." [PMID:3043259, PMID:7036848] is_a: ARO:3000171 ! diaminopyrimidine antibiotic xref: PubChem:65450 +xref: CHEBI:135420 [Term] id: ARO:3000299 @@ -3160,6 +3223,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Sulfadiazine is a potent inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase, interfering with the tetrahydrofolic biosynthesis pathway. Tetrahydrofolic acid is essential for folate synthesis, a precursor to many nucleotides and amino acids." [PMID:4597736] is_a: ARO:3000282 ! sulfonamide antibiotic xref: PubChem:5215 +xref: CHEBI:9328 [Term] id: ARO:3000325 @@ -3169,6 +3233,7 @@ def: "Sulfadimidine is an alkaline sulfonamide antibiotic that inhibits dihydrop is_a: ARO:3000282 ! sulfonamide antibiotic synonym: "sulfamethazine" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:5327 +xref: CHEBI:102265 [Term] id: ARO:3000326 @@ -3210,6 +3275,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Sulfadoxine is an inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase, interfering with the tetrahydrofolic biosynthesis pathway. Tetrahydrofolic acid is essential for folate synthesis, a precursor to many nucleotides and amino acids." [PMID:21029476] is_a: ARO:3000282 ! sulfonamide antibiotic xref: PubChem:17134 +xref: CHEBI:9329 [Term] id: ARO:3000328 @@ -3226,6 +3292,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic usually taken with trimethoprim, a diaminopyrimidine antibiotic. Sulfamethoxazole inhibits dihydropteroate synthase, essential to tetrahydrofolic acid biosynthesis. This pathway generates compounds used in the synthesis of many amino acids and nucleotides." [PMID:1093654] is_a: ARO:3000282 ! sulfonamide antibiotic xref: PubChem:5329 +xref: CHEBI:9332 [Term] id: ARO:3000330 @@ -3234,6 +3301,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Sulfisoxazole is an inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase, interfering with the tetrahydrofolic biosynthesis pathway. Tetrahydrofolic acid is essential for folate synthesis, a precursor to many nucleotides and amino acids." [PMID:978409] is_a: ARO:3000282 ! sulfonamide antibiotic xref: PubChem:5344 +xref: CHEBI:102484 [Term] id: ARO:3000333 @@ -3261,6 +3329,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3000171 ! diaminopyrimidine antibiotic synonym: "AR-100" EXACT [] synonym: "RO-48-2622" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:213043 +xref: CHEBI:131724 [Term] id: ARO:3000338 @@ -3546,6 +3615,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Azidamfenicol is a water soluble derivative of chloramphenicol, sharing the same mode of action of inhibiting peptide synthesis by interacting with the 23S RNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit." [PMID:15539072] is_a: ARO:3000387 ! phenicol antibiotic xref: PubChem:62858 +xref: CHEBI:135238 [Term] id: ARO:3000384 @@ -3571,6 +3641,7 @@ def: "Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic antimicrobial originally derived from is_a: ARO:3000387 ! phenicol antibiotic synonym: "CHL" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:5959 +xref: CHEBI:17698 [Term] id: ARO:3000386 @@ -3903,6 +3974,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Derivative of Chloramphenicol. The nitro group (-NO2) is substituted by a sulfomethyl group (-SO2CH3)." [PMID:15539072] is_a: ARO:3000387 ! phenicol antibiotic xref: PubChem:27200 +xref: CHEBI:32215 [Term] id: ARO:3000457 @@ -3935,6 +4007,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Florfenicol is a fluorine derivative of chloramphenicol, where the nitro group (-NO2) is substituted by a sulfomethyl group (-SO2CH3) and the hydroxyl group (-OH), by a fluorine group (-F). The action mechanism is the same as chloramphenicol's, where the antibiotic binds to the 23S RNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis." [PMID:15539072] is_a: ARO:3000387 ! phenicol antibiotic xref: PubChem:114811 +xref: CHEBI:87185 [Term] id: ARO:3000462 @@ -3986,6 +4059,7 @@ def: "Dalbavancin is a semisynthetic second-generation lipoglycopeptide derived is_a: ARO:3000081 ! glycopeptide antibiotic synonym: "Zeven" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:23724878 +xref: CHEBI:82721 [Term] id: ARO:3000467 @@ -4065,6 +4139,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Telavancin is a semi-synthetic derivative of vancomycin and is a second-generation lipoglycopeptide antibiotic. Telavancin inhibits cell wall synthesis by forming a complex with the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan precursors and preventing transglycosylation." [PMID:19401479, PMID:19436839, PMID:18671473] is_a: ARO:3000081 ! glycopeptide antibiotic xref: PubChem:3081362 +xref: CHEBI:71229 [Term] id: ARO:3000489 @@ -4154,6 +4229,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Ethambutol is an antimycobacterial drug prescribed to treat tuberculosis. It is usually given in combination with other tuberculosis drugs, such as isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide. Ethambutol inhibits arabinosyl biosynthesis, disrupting mycobacterial cell wall formation." [PMID:18242089] is_a: ARO:3000527 ! polyamine antibiotic xref: PubChem:14052 +xref: CHEBI:4877 [Term] id: ARO:3000498 @@ -4315,6 +4391,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Rifaximin is a semi-synthetic rifamycin used to treat traveller's diarrhea. Rifaximin inhibits RNA synthesis by binding to the beta subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase." [PMID:15667909] is_a: ARO:3000157 ! rifamycin antibiotic xref: PubChem:6436173 +xref: CHEBI:75246 [Term] id: ARO:3000518 @@ -4426,6 +4503,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3000050 ! tetracycline antibiotic synonym: "Aureomycin" EXACT [] synonym: "Eremomycine" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:54675777 +xref: CHEBI:27644 [Term] id: ARO:3000530 @@ -4434,6 +4512,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Rifabutin is a semisynthetic rifamycin used in tuberculosis therapy. It inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis." [PMID:15700959] is_a: ARO:3000157 ! rifamycin antibiotic xref: PubChem:135398743 +xref: CHEBI:45367 [Term] id: ARO:3000531 @@ -4471,6 +4550,7 @@ def: "Rifapentine is a semisynthetic rifamycin that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA s is_a: ARO:3000157 ! rifamycin antibiotic synonym: "priftin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:135403821 +xref: CHEBI:45304 [Term] id: ARO:3000535 @@ -4539,6 +4619,7 @@ synonym: "AZT" EXACT [] synonym: "Azactam" EXACT [] synonym: "Primbactam" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:5742832 +xref: CHEBI:161680 [Term] id: ARO:3000551 @@ -4557,6 +4638,7 @@ def: "Arsphenamine, also known as Salvarsan and 606, is a drug that was used beg is_a: ARO:3000551 ! organoarsenic antibiotic synonym: "Salvarsan" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:8774 +xref: CHEBI:9016 [Term] id: ARO:3000553 @@ -4575,6 +4657,7 @@ def: "Mupirocin, also known as pseudomonic acid, is a bacteriostatic polyketide is_a: ARO:3007151 ! mupirocin-like antibiotic synonym: "pseudomonic acid" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:446596 +xref: CHEBI:7025 [Term] id: ARO:3000555 @@ -4800,6 +4883,7 @@ def: "Pristinamycin IA is a type B streptogramin antibiotic produced by Streptom is_a: ARO:0000050 ! streptogramin B antibiotic synonym: "Virginiamycin B" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:11136668 +xref: CHEBI:8417 [Term] id: ARO:3000584 @@ -4808,6 +4892,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Quinupristin is a type B streptogramin and a semisynthetic derivative of pristinamycin 1A. It is a component of the drug Synercid and interacts with the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome to inhibit protein synthesis." [PMID:9746015, PMID:15700955] is_a: ARO:0000050 ! streptogramin B antibiotic xref: PubChem:5388937 +xref: CHEBI:8732 [Term] id: ARO:3000586 @@ -4817,6 +4902,7 @@ def: "Pulvomycin is a polyketide antibiotic that binds elongation factor Tu (EF- is_a: ARO:3001219 ! elfamycin antibiotic synonym: "Labilomycin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:5282056 +xref: CHEBI:29668 [Term] id: ARO:3000587 @@ -5382,6 +5468,7 @@ is_a: ARO:0000022 ! polymyxin antibiotic is_a: ARO:0000067 ! colistin synonym: "polymyxin E1" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:202195 +xref: CHEBI:59064 [Term] id: ARO:3000624 @@ -5392,6 +5479,7 @@ is_a: ARO:0000022 ! polymyxin antibiotic is_a: ARO:0000067 ! colistin synonym: "polymyxin E2" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:25138298 +xref: CHEBI:59673 [Term] id: ARO:3000625 @@ -5401,6 +5489,7 @@ def: "Polymyxin B1 is in the family of polymyxin lipopeptides with a 6-methyloct is_a: ARO:0000022 ! polymyxin antibiotic is_a: ARO:3000454 ! polymyxin B xref: PubChem:199402 +xref: CHEBI:8309 [Term] id: ARO:3000626 @@ -5410,6 +5499,7 @@ def: "Polymyxin B2 is in the family of polymyxin lipopeptides with a 6-methylhep is_a: ARO:0000022 ! polymyxin antibiotic is_a: ARO:3000454 ! polymyxin B xref: PubChem:11982455 +xref: CHEBI:59063 [Term] id: ARO:3000627 @@ -5436,6 +5526,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Bacitracin A is the primary component of bacitracin. It contains many uncommon amino acids and interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis." [PMID:6752975] is_a: ARO:0000041 ! bacitracin xref: PubChem:10909430 +xref: CHEBI:35862 [Term] id: ARO:3000630 @@ -5452,6 +5543,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Bacitracin F is a component of bacitracin, an antibiotic mixture that interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis. It is formed when the thiazoline ring of bacitracin A is oxidatively deaminated." [PMID:6752975] is_a: ARO:0000041 ! bacitracin xref: PubChem:3082210 +xref: CHEBI:221216 [Term] id: ARO:3000632 @@ -5462,6 +5554,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3009124 ! beta-lactamase sensitive penicillin synonym: "Penicillin G" EXACT [] synonym: "benzopenicillin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:5904 +xref: CHEBI:18208 [Term] id: ARO:3000633 @@ -5473,6 +5566,7 @@ synonym: "penicillin V" EXACT [] synonym: "phenomycilline" EXACT [] synonym: "phenopenicillin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:6869 +xref: CHEBI:27446 [Term] id: ARO:3000634 @@ -5482,6 +5576,7 @@ def: "Propicillin is an orally taken penicillin derivative that has high absorpt is_a: ARO:3009124 ! beta-lactamase sensitive penicillin synonym: "levopropicillin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:92879 +xref: CHEBI:52429 [Term] id: ARO:3000635 @@ -5492,6 +5587,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3009125 ! beta-lactamase resistant penicillin synonym: "dicloxacilin" EXACT [] synonym: "dicloxacycline" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:18381 +xref: CHEBI:4511 [Term] id: ARO:3000636 @@ -5502,6 +5598,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3009125 ! beta-lactamase resistant penicillin synonym: "floxacillin" EXACT [] synonym: "floxapen" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:21319 +xref: CHEBI:5098 [Term] id: ARO:3000637 @@ -5513,6 +5610,7 @@ synonym: "AMP" EXACT [] synonym: "Principen" EXACT [] synonym: "ampicillin acid" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:6249 +xref: CHEBI:28971 [Term] id: ARO:3000638 @@ -5522,6 +5620,7 @@ def: "Azlocillin is a semisynthetic derivative of penicillin that is notably act is_a: ARO:3009123 ! penicillin with extended spectrum synonym: "AZL" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:6479523 +xref: CHEBI:2956 [Term] id: ARO:3000639 @@ -5531,6 +5630,7 @@ def: "Mezlocillin is a penicillin derivative taken parenterally." [PMID:6369480] is_a: ARO:3009123 ! penicillin with extended spectrum synonym: "mezlin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:656511 +xref: CHEBI:6919 [Term] id: ARO:3000640 @@ -5541,6 +5641,7 @@ is_a: ARO:0000020 ! carbapenem synonym: "DOR" EXACT [] synonym: "doribax" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:73303 +xref: CHEBI:135928 [Term] id: ARO:3000641 @@ -5551,6 +5652,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3009105 ! first-generation cephalosporin synonym: "LEX" EXACT [] synonym: "cephalexin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:27447 +xref: CHEBI:3534 [Term] id: ARO:3000642 @@ -5561,6 +5663,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3009105 ! first-generation cephalosporin synonym: "CFR" EXACT [] synonym: "p-hydroxycephalexin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:47965 +xref: CHEBI:3479 [Term] id: ARO:3000643 @@ -5570,6 +5673,7 @@ def: "Cefotiam is a cephalosporin antibiotic with similar activity to cefuroxime is_a: ARO:3009106 ! second-generation cephalosporin synonym: "cefotiamum" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:43708 +xref: CHEBI:355510 [Term] id: ARO:3000644 @@ -5581,6 +5685,7 @@ synonym: "CEC" EXACT [] synonym: "ceclor" EXACT [] synonym: "cephaclor" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:51039 +xref: CHEBI:3478 [Term] id: ARO:3000645 @@ -5591,6 +5696,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3009107 ! third-generation cephalosporin synonym: "CTX" EXACT [] synonym: "cefotaxime acid" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:5742673 +xref: CHEBI:204928 [Term] id: ARO:3000646 @@ -5601,6 +5707,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3009107 ! third-generation cephalosporin synonym: "CFM" EXACT [] synonym: "necopen" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:5362065 +xref: CHEBI:472657 [Term] id: ARO:3000647 @@ -5610,6 +5717,7 @@ def: "Cefpodoxime is a semisynthetic cephalosporin that acts similarly to cefota is_a: ARO:3009107 ! third-generation cephalosporin synonym: "CPD" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:6335986 +xref: CHEBI:3504 [Term] id: ARO:3000648 @@ -5620,6 +5728,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3009107 ! third-generation cephalosporin synonym: "CTB" EXACT [] synonym: "Cedax" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:5282242 +xref: CHEBI:3510 [Term] id: ARO:3000649 @@ -5629,6 +5738,7 @@ def: "Cefditoren is a semisynthetic cephalosporin active against staphylococci, is_a: ARO:3009107 ! third-generation cephalosporin synonym: "CDN" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:9571074 +xref: CHEBI:59343 [Term] id: ARO:3000650 @@ -5638,6 +5748,7 @@ def: "Cefdinir is similar to cefixime with a modified side-chain at its 7-amino is_a: ARO:3009107 ! third-generation cephalosporin synonym: "CDR" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:6915944 +xref: CHEBI:3485 [Term] id: ARO:3000651 @@ -5649,6 +5760,7 @@ synonym: "CPT" EXACT [] synonym: "T91825" EXACT [] synonym: "ceftaroline fosamil" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:9852982 +xref: CHEBI:70729 [Term] id: ARO:3000652 @@ -5659,6 +5771,7 @@ is_a: ARO:0000016 ! aminoglycoside antibiotic synonym: "isepamicine" EXACT [] synonym: "isepamicinum" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:3037209 +xref: CHEBI:37951 [Term] id: ARO:3000653 @@ -5668,6 +5781,7 @@ def: "A gentamicin class aminoglycoside antibiotic often used in mammalian cell is_a: ARO:0000016 ! aminoglycoside antibiotic synonym: "geneticin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:123865 +xref: CHEBI:42768 [Term] id: ARO:3000654 @@ -5678,6 +5792,7 @@ is_a: ARO:0000016 ! aminoglycoside antibiotic synonym: "habekacin" EXACT [] synonym: "haberacin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:68682 +xref: CHEBI:37922 [Term] id: ARO:3000655 @@ -5687,6 +5802,7 @@ def: "Gentamicin B is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibacterial." [PMID:98727 is_a: ARO:3007382 ! gentamicin synonym: "betamicin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:11754987 +xref: CHEBI:198034 [Term] id: ARO:3000656 @@ -5722,6 +5838,7 @@ synonym: "monomycin A" EXACT [] synonym: "neomycin E" EXACT [] synonym: "paucimycin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:165580 +xref: CHEBI:7934 [Term] id: ARO:3000658 @@ -5740,6 +5857,7 @@ is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic synonym: "AM-1155" EXACT [] synonym: "Tequin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:5379 +xref: CHEBI:5280 [Term] id: ARO:3000660 @@ -5748,6 +5866,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Lomefloxacin is a difluoropiperazinyl quinolone, sharing similar activities with other fluoroquinolones. It is used to treat urinary tract infections. Relative to other fluoroquinolones, it has a longer half life and has higher serum concentrations." [PMID:8394795] is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic xref: PubChem:3948 +xref: CHEBI:116278 [Term] id: ARO:3000661 @@ -5757,6 +5876,7 @@ def: "Nalidixic acid is a quinolone derivative of naphthyridine active against m is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic synonym: "nalidixin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:4421 +xref: CHEBI:100147 [Term] id: ARO:3000662 @@ -5765,6 +5885,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Norfloxacin is a 6-fluoro, 7-piperazinyl quinolone with a wide range of activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is inactive against most anaerobes." [PMID:3908074] is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic xref: PubChem:4539 +xref: CHEBI:100246 [Term] id: ARO:3000663 @@ -5775,6 +5896,7 @@ is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic synonym: "Tarivid" EXACT [] synonym: "floxin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:4583 +xref: CHEBI:7731 [Term] id: ARO:3000664 @@ -5785,6 +5907,7 @@ is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic synonym: "Trovan" EXACT [] synonym: "alatrofloxacin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:62959 +xref: CHEBI:9763 [Term] id: ARO:3000665 @@ -5794,6 +5917,7 @@ def: "Grepafloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibacterial quinoline. It is no longer is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic synonym: "Raxar" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:72474 +xref: CHEBI:5543 [Term] id: ARO:3000666 @@ -5803,6 +5927,7 @@ def: "Sparfloxacin is a dimethylpiperazinyl difluoroquinolone that acts by inhib is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic synonym: "Zagam" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:60464 +xref: CHEBI:9212 [Term] id: ARO:3000667 @@ -5813,6 +5938,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3000050 ! tetracycline antibiotic synonym: "DMCTC" EXACT [] synonym: "declomycin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:54680690 +xref: CHEBI:4392 [Term] id: ARO:3000668 @@ -5821,6 +5947,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Oxytetracycline is a derivative of tetracycline with a 5-hydroxyl group. Its activity is similar to other tetracyclines." [PMID:11381101] is_a: ARO:3000050 ! tetracycline antibiotic xref: PubChem:54675779 +xref: CHEBI:27701 [Term] id: ARO:3000669 @@ -5832,6 +5959,7 @@ synonym: "Pristinamycin IIA" EXACT [] synonym: "Pristinamycin IIB" EXACT [] synonym: "Virginiamycin IIB" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:46936184 +xref: CHEBI:9997 [Term] id: ARO:3000670 @@ -5847,6 +5975,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Tiamulin is a pleuromutilin derivative currently used in veterinary medicine. It binds to the 23 rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit to inhibit protein translation." [PMID:11555289, PMID:20112168, PMID:19362093, PMID:15554968] is_a: ARO:3000670 ! pleuromutilin antibiotic xref: PubChem:656958 +xref: CHEBI:44137 [Term] id: ARO:3000672 @@ -5857,6 +5986,7 @@ is_a: ARO:0000034 ! streptogramin A antibiotic synonym: "A2315A" EXACT [] synonym: "madumicin II" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:6441077 +xref: CHEBI:200095 [Term] id: ARO:3000673 @@ -5865,6 +5995,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Griseoviridin is a streptogramin A antibiotic." [PMID:15700955] is_a: ARO:0000034 ! streptogramin A antibiotic xref: PubChem:6441064 +xref: CHEBI:199588 [Term] id: ARO:3000674 @@ -5873,6 +6004,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Dalfopristin is a water-soluble semi-synthetic derivative of pristinamycin IIA. It is produced by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis and is used in combination with quinupristin in a 7:3 ratio. Both work together to inhibit protein synthesis, and is active against Gram-positive bacteria." [PMID:15700955] is_a: ARO:0000034 ! streptogramin A antibiotic xref: PubChem:6323289 +xref: CHEBI:4309 [Term] id: ARO:3000675 @@ -5882,6 +6014,7 @@ def: "Pristinamycin IB is a class B streptogramin similar to pristinamycin IA, t is_a: ARO:0000050 ! streptogramin B antibiotic synonym: "Virginiamycin S1" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:443309 +xref: CHEBI:8418 [Term] id: ARO:3000676 @@ -5913,6 +6046,7 @@ is_a: ARO:0000050 ! streptogramin B antibiotic synonym: "Vernamycin B gamma" EXACT [] synonym: "Virginiamycin S1" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:443310 +xref: CHEBI:8419 [Term] id: ARO:3000679 @@ -5953,6 +6087,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Sulfacetamide is a very soluable sulfonamide antibiotic previously used to treat urinary tract infections. Its relatively low activity and toxicity to those with Stevens-Johnson syndrome have reduced its use and availability." [PMID:8133250] is_a: ARO:3000282 ! sulfonamide antibiotic xref: PubChem:5320 +xref: CHEBI:63845 [Term] id: ARO:3000684 @@ -5964,6 +6099,7 @@ synonym: "ambamide" EXACT [] synonym: "maphenide" EXACT [] synonym: "sulfamylon" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:3998 +xref: CHEBI:6633 [Term] id: ARO:3000685 @@ -5982,6 +6118,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3000053 ! peptide antibiotic synonym: "bryamycin" EXACT [] synonym: "thiactin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:16129666 +xref: CHEBI:29693 [Term] id: ARO:3000687 @@ -6003,6 +6140,7 @@ synonym: "furazolidine" EXACT [] synonym: "furoxone" EXACT [] synonym: "nitrofurazolidone" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:5323714 +xref: CHEBI:5195 [Term] id: ARO:3000689 @@ -6013,6 +6151,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3004115 ! nitroimidazole antibiotic synonym: "Flagyl" EXACT [] synonym: "metronidazol" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:4173 +xref: CHEBI:6909 [Term] id: ARO:3000690 @@ -6031,6 +6170,7 @@ def: "Bleomycin A2 is a glycopeptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces vertici is_a: ARO:0000053 ! bleomycin is_a: ARO:3000081 ! glycopeptide antibiotic xref: PubChem:5460769 +xref: CHEBI:3139 [Term] id: ARO:3000692 @@ -6040,6 +6180,7 @@ def: "Bleomycin B2 is a glycopeptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces vertici is_a: ARO:0000053 ! bleomycin is_a: ARO:3000081 ! glycopeptide antibiotic xref: PubChem:5496540 +xref: CHEBI:28641 [Term] id: ARO:3000693 @@ -6048,6 +6189,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Defensins are natural cationic peptides that have antibiotic properties. It is part of the innate immune system of plants and animals." [PMID:12949495] is_a: ARO:3000053 ! peptide antibiotic xref: PubChem:56841867 +xref: CHEBI:82761 [Term] id: ARO:3000694 @@ -6072,6 +6214,7 @@ def: "Dactinomycin, also known as Actinomycin D, is a cyclic peptide antibiotic is_a: ARO:3000695 ! actinomycin synonym: "Actinomycin D" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:457193 +xref: CHEBI:27666 [Term] id: ARO:3000697 @@ -6090,6 +6233,7 @@ def: "Sulfasalazine is a derivative of the early sulfonamide sulfapyridine (sali is_a: ARO:3000282 ! sulfonamide antibiotic synonym: "salicylazosulfapyridine" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:5339 +xref: CHEBI:9334 [Term] id: ARO:3000699 @@ -6101,6 +6245,7 @@ synonym: "Urolucosil" EXACT [] synonym: "sulfamethizol" EXACT [] synonym: "sulphamethizole" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:5328 +xref: CHEBI:9331 [Term] id: ARO:3000700 @@ -6110,6 +6255,7 @@ def: "Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacter is_a: ARO:0000016 ! aminoglycoside antibiotic is_a: ARO:3000658 ! lividomycin xref: PubChem:72394 +xref: CHEBI:71961 [Term] id: ARO:3000701 @@ -6119,6 +6265,7 @@ def: "Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose grou is_a: ARO:0000016 ! aminoglycoside antibiotic is_a: ARO:3000658 ! lividomycin xref: PubChem:46174031 +xref: CHEBI:71962 [Term] id: ARO:3000702 @@ -6138,6 +6285,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3009105 ! first-generation cephalosporin synonym: "CEF" EXACT [] synonym: "cephalothin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:6024 +xref: CHEBI:124991 [Term] id: ARO:3000707 @@ -6751,6 +6899,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Fosmidomycin is an inhibitor of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, an enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid synthesis. It is active against enterobacteria, but not against Gram-positive bacteria or anaerobes." [PMID:10477522] is_a: ARO:3007149 ! phosphonic acid antibiotic xref: PubChem:572 +xref: CHEBI:443725 [Term] id: ARO:3000759 @@ -6760,6 +6909,7 @@ def: "Fusidic acid is the only commercially available fusidane, a group of stero is_a: ARO:3007153 ! fusidane antibiotic synonym: "fucidin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:3000226 +xref: CHEBI:29013 [Term] id: ARO:3000760 @@ -6779,6 +6929,7 @@ synonym: "Selexid" EXACT [] synonym: "Selexidin" EXACT [] synonym: "amdinocillin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:36273 +xref: CHEBI:51208 [Term] id: ARO:3000762 @@ -6787,6 +6938,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Pefloxacin is structurally and functionally similar to norfloxacin. It is poorly active against mycobacteria, while anaerobes are resistant." [PMID:2663414] is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic xref: PubChem:51081 +xref: CHEBI:50199 [Term] id: ARO:3000763 @@ -7831,6 +7983,7 @@ is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic synonym: "Amimycin" EXACT [] synonym: "Matromycin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:72493 +xref: CHEBI:16869 [Term] id: ARO:3000869 @@ -7848,6 +8001,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)." [PMID:10196195, PMID:19768684] is_a: ARO:3005386 ! disinfecting agents and antiseptics xref: PubChem:5564 +xref: CHEBI:164200 [Term] id: ARO:3000871 @@ -10761,6 +10915,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Factumycin is a kirromycin-like antibiotic produced by Kitasatospora setae and Streptomyces strains. Its biosynthetic cluster has been characterized which has interesting acetyl transferase domains in trans, or outside of the polyketide synthase domains. Factumycin has specific, rather than broad spectrum, antibacterial properties, especially targeting various Acinetobacter baumanii strains." [PMID:7166535] is_a: ARO:3001310 ! kirromycin-like antibiotics xref: PubChem:135410114 +xref: CHEBI:216503 [Term] id: ARO:3001221 @@ -10769,6 +10924,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "A macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces narbonensis subsp. josamyceticus. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens." [] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: PubChem:5284579 +xref: CHEBI:31739 [Term] id: ARO:3001222 @@ -10777,6 +10933,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Produced by Streptomyces bikiniensis." [] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: PubChem:6436271 +xref: CHEBI:80016 [Term] id: ARO:3001223 @@ -10785,6 +10942,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Produced by Streptomyces mycarofaciens." [] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: PubChem:5282169 +xref: CHEBI:31845 [Term] id: ARO:3001224 @@ -10793,6 +10951,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Produced by Micromonospora griseorubida." [] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: PubChem:6447311 +xref: CHEBI:63276 [Term] id: ARO:3001225 @@ -10809,6 +10968,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Produced by Streptomyces narbonensis." [] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: PubChem:5282036 +xref: CHEBI:29649 [Term] id: ARO:3001227 @@ -10833,6 +10993,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Produced by Micromonospora rosaria." [] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: PubChem:6537204 +xref: CHEBI:87084 [Term] id: ARO:3001230 @@ -10841,6 +11002,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Produced by Streptomyces caelestis." [] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: PubChem:6440864 +xref: CHEBI:31908 [Term] id: ARO:3001231 @@ -10849,6 +11011,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Produced by Streptomyces caelestis, which also produces the macrolide niddamycin." [] is_a: ARO:0000017 ! lincosamide antibiotic xref: PubChem:220087 +xref: CHEBI:156421 [Term] id: ARO:3001232 @@ -10857,6 +11020,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Produced by Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 15439." [] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: PubChem:5282034 +xref: CHEBI:29630 [Term] id: ARO:3001233 @@ -10865,6 +11029,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Produced by Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 15439." [] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: PubChem:5282037 +xref: CHEBI:29665 [Term] id: ARO:3001234 @@ -10874,6 +11039,7 @@ def: "Kirromycin, also known as mocimycin, is the representative molecule of its is_a: ARO:3001310 ! kirromycin-like antibiotics synonym: "mocimycin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:135452521 +xref: CHEBI:190786 [Term] id: ARO:3001235 @@ -10886,6 +11052,7 @@ synonym: "goldinodox" EXACT [] synonym: "goldinomycin" EXACT [] synonym: "mocimycin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:135509117 +xref: CHEBI:201478 [Term] id: ARO:3001236 @@ -10902,6 +11069,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "GE2270A is the model molecule of cyclic thiazolyl peptide elfamycins. GE2270A is produced by Planobispora rosea. Biosynthesis of the molecule has been shown to originate as a ribosomally synthesized peptide that undergoes significant post-translational modification. Clinical use of cyclic thiazolyl peptides is hindered by their low water solubility and bioavailability." [PMID:8899707, PMID:16734421, PMID:20522549, PMID:20111801, PMID:10625477] is_a: ARO:3001309 ! cyclic thiazolyl peptide elfamycin xref: PubChem:16129640 +xref: CHEBI:29584 [Term] id: ARO:3001242 @@ -10918,6 +11086,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Kirrothricin is produced by Streptomyces cinnamoneus and is structurally related to kirromycin, aurodox, heneicomycin and shares a similar spectrum of antibacterial activity." [PMID:7142013] is_a: ARO:3001310 ! kirromycin-like antibiotics xref: PubChem:54679291 +xref: CHEBI:223261 [Term] id: ARO:3001247 @@ -10942,6 +11111,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Phenelfamycin A was isolated from two environmental isolates called AB999F-80 and AB1047T-33. They were both identified as Streptomyces violaceoniger strains. Both these strains were found to produce phenelfamycins A-F and unphenelfamycin. Phenelfamycin A has a monosaccaride moeity and is isomeric with phenelfamycin B. All phenelfamycins were selected due to their activity against anaerobic bacteria, especially Clostridioides difficile." [PMID:3192490, PMID:2921230, PMID:3192489] is_a: ARO:3001310 ! kirromycin-like antibiotics xref: PubChem:6443943 +xref: CHEBI:222054 [Term] id: ARO:3001250 @@ -10950,6 +11120,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Phenelfamycin B was isolated from two environmental isolates called AB999F-80 and AB1047T-33. They were both identified as Streptomyces violaceoniger strains. Both these strains were found to produce phenelfamycins A-F and unphenelfamycin. Phenelfamycin B has a monosaccaride moeity and is isomeric with phenelfamycin A. All phenelfamycins were selected due to their activity against anaerobic bacteria, especially Clostridioides difficile." [PMID:3192490, PMID:3192489, PMID:2921230] is_a: ARO:3001310 ! kirromycin-like antibiotics xref: PubChem:6443944 +xref: CHEBI:222047 [Term] id: ARO:3001251 @@ -10958,6 +11129,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Phenelfamycin C was isolated from two environmental isolates called AB999F-80 and AB1047T-33. They were both identified as Streptomyces violaceoniger strains. Both these strains were found to produce phenelfamycins A-F and unphenelfamycin. Phenelfamycin C has a disaccaride moeity and is isomeric with phenelfamycin D. All phenelfamycins were selected due to their activity against anaerobic bacteria, especially Clostridioides difficile." [PMID:2921230, PMID:3192489, PMID:3192490] is_a: ARO:3001310 ! kirromycin-like antibiotics xref: PubChem:6443945 +xref: CHEBI:222040 [Term] id: ARO:3001252 @@ -10973,6 +11145,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Phenelfamycin E was isolated from two environmental isolates called AB999F-80 and AB1047T-33. They were both identified as Streptomyces violaceoniger strains. Both these strains were found to produce phenelfamycins A-F and unphenelfamycin. Phenelfamycin E has a trisaccaride moeity and is isomeric with phenelfamycin F. All phenelfamycins were selected due to their activity against anaerobic bacteria, especially Clostridioides difficile. Phenelfamycin E and F are the most potent of the phenelfamycins." [PMID:3192489, PMID:2921230, PMID:3192490] is_a: ARO:3001310 ! kirromycin-like antibiotics xref: PubChem:71433564 +xref: CHEBI:222034 [Term] id: ARO:3001256 @@ -10981,6 +11154,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Phenelfamycin F was isolated from two environmental isolates called AB999F-80 and AB1047T-33. They were both identified as Streptomyces violaceoniger strains. Both these strains were found to produce phenelfamycins A-F and unphenelfamycin. Phenelfamycin F has a trisaccaride moeity and is isomeric with phenelfamycin E. All phenelfamycins were selected due to their activity against anaerobic bacteria, especially Clostridioides difficile. Phenelfamycin E and F are the most potent of the phenelfamycins." [PMID:3192490, PMID:3192489, PMID:2921230] is_a: ARO:3001310 ! kirromycin-like antibiotics xref: PubChem:90478571 +xref: CHEBI:222028 [Term] id: ARO:3001257 @@ -10989,6 +11163,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Unphenelfamycin was isolated from two environmental isolates called AB999F-80 and AB1047T-33. They were both identified as Streptomyces violaceoniger strains. Both these strains were found to produce phenelfamycins A-F and unphenelfamycin. Unphenelfamycin has a monosaccaride moeity and lacks the phenacetyl moeity present in the other phenelfamycins. All phenelfamycins were selected due to their activity against anaerobic bacteria, especially Clostridioides difficile." [PMID:2921230, PMID:3192489, PMID:3192490] is_a: ARO:3001310 ! kirromycin-like antibiotics xref: PubChem:6443942 +xref: CHEBI:222022 [Term] id: ARO:3001258 @@ -11013,6 +11188,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Amythiamicin A is a cyclic thiazolyl peptide antibiotic with a structure similar to GE2270A. Amythiamicin B, C, and D also exist, but are not discussed further here. Amythiamicin A was shown to have the highest activity in cell free protein synthesis assays." [PMID:7706132] is_a: ARO:3001309 ! cyclic thiazolyl peptide elfamycin xref: PubChem:198789 +xref: CHEBI:220214 [Term] id: ARO:3001264 @@ -11058,6 +11234,7 @@ def: "An unusual aminoglycoside because the cyclitol ring is not amino substitut is_a: ARO:0000016 ! aminoglycoside antibiotic synonym: "kasugamicin" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:65174 +xref: CHEBI:81419 [Term] id: ARO:3001298 @@ -11235,6 +11412,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Retapamulin is a semi-synthetic pleuromutilin antibiotic approved for the treatment of skin infections." [PMID:17065625, PMID:17360517, PMID:16801451, PMID:16940066] is_a: ARO:3000670 ! pleuromutilin antibiotic xref: PubChem:6918462 +xref: CHEBI:166679 [Term] id: ARO:3001315 @@ -11243,6 +11421,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Two semi-synthetic pleuromutilin derivatives, tiamulin and valnemulin, have been developed as antibiotics for veterinary use." [PMID:11555289, PMID:22070694] is_a: ARO:3000670 ! pleuromutilin antibiotic xref: PubChem:9850878 +xref: CHEBI:29705 [Term] id: ARO:3001316 @@ -11251,6 +11430,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Azamulin is a semi-synthetic pleuromutilin derivative that failed Stage 1 clinical trials due to poor bioavailability." [] is_a: ARO:3000670 ! pleuromutilin antibiotic xref: PubChem:16072188 +xref: CHEBI:201468 [Term] id: ARO:3001317 @@ -11259,6 +11439,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Pleuromutilin is a natural product antibiotic produced by Clitopilus passeckerianus. Related antibiotics of clinical significance, such as tiamulin and retapamulin, are semi-synthetic derivatives of this compound." [PMID:23589420] is_a: ARO:3000670 ! pleuromutilin antibiotic xref: PubChem:31326 +xref: CHEBI:8269 [Term] id: ARO:3001318 @@ -11275,6 +11456,7 @@ def: "A narrow spectrum antibiotic effective against Clostridioides difficile i is_a: ARO:3001318 ! macrocyclic antibiotic synonym: "OPT-80" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:10034073 +xref: CHEBI:68590 [Term] id: ARO:3001320 @@ -11299,6 +11481,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Phenelfamycin G is produced by Streptomyces albospinus strain Acta 3619. Phenelfamycin G and H are isomeric and similar to phenelfamycin E and F only with the addition of a hydroxyl group at position C-30. Phenelfamycin G and H have a narrow antibacterial spectrum with potent activity against Cutibacterium acnes." [PMID:21285962] is_a: ARO:3001310 ! kirromycin-like antibiotics xref: PubChem:102306422 +xref: CHEBI:203584 [Term] id: ARO:3001323 @@ -11307,6 +11490,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Phenelfamycin H is produced by Streptomyces albospinus strain Acta 3619. Phenelfamycin G and H are isomeric and similar to phenelfamycin E and F only with the addition of a hydroxyl group at position C-30. Phenelfamycin G and H have a narrow antibacterial spectrum with potent activity against Cutibacterium acnes." [PMID:21285962] is_a: ARO:3001310 ! kirromycin-like antibiotics xref: PubChem:102306423 +xref: CHEBI:225298 [Term] id: ARO:3001326 @@ -27167,6 +27351,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Teixobactin is a peptide antibiotic isolated from the Gram-negative bacteria, Eleftheria terrae. It inhibits the synthesis of peptidoglycan by interacting with peptidoglycan precursor, Lipid II and Lipid III." [PMID:25561178] is_a: ARO:3000053 ! peptide antibiotic xref: PubChem:86341926 +xref: CHEBI:84192 [Term] id: ARO:3003250 @@ -28366,6 +28551,7 @@ def: "Dapsone is a sulfone in which it inhibits folic acid synthesis, such as th is_a: ARO:3003401 ! sulfone antibiotic synonym: "diaminodiphenyl sulfone" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:2955 +xref: CHEBI:4325 [Term] id: ARO:3003413 @@ -28822,6 +29008,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Ethionamide is a second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis." [] is_a: ARO:3007156 ! thioamide antibiotic xref: PubChem:2761171 +xref: CHEBI:4885 [Term] id: ARO:3003475 @@ -29386,6 +29573,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Magainin1 is an antimicrobial peptides produced by amphibians as part of their innate immune system. It is derived from the Xenopus laevis." [PMID:3277183] is_a: ARO:3000694 ! magainin xref: PubChem:16132169 +xref: CHEBI:80186 [Term] id: ARO:3003572 @@ -29394,6 +29582,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Magainin 2 is an antimicrobial peptides produced from Xenopus laevis skin. It induce osmotic lysis of bacteria." [PMID:3277183] is_a: ARO:3000694 ! magainin xref: PubChem:16130189 +xref: CHEBI:80190 [Term] id: ARO:3003573 @@ -30302,6 +30491,7 @@ def: "Sitafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone active against multi-resistant Gram-posi is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic synonym: "Gracevit" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:461399 +xref: CHEBI:4304 [Term] id: ARO:3003691 @@ -30393,6 +30583,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Rokitamycin is a macrolide antibiotic. Synthesized from strains of Streptomyces kitasatoensis." [PMID:1779258] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: PubChem:5282211 +xref: CHEBI:32103 [Term] id: ARO:3003702 @@ -30440,6 +30631,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Faropenem is an orally active beta-lactam antibiotic belonging to the penem group." [PMID:12615878] is_a: ARO:3009109 ! other cephalosporins and penems xref: PubChem:65894 +xref: CHEBI:51788 [Term] id: ARO:3003708 @@ -30448,6 +30640,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Panipenem is a carbapenem antibacterial agent with a broad spectrum of in vitro activity covering a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacterial. It is used in combination with betamipron to inhibit panipenem uptake into the renal tubule and prevent nephrotoxicity." [PMID:12678575] is_a: ARO:0000020 ! carbapenem xref: PubChem:72015 +xref: CHEBI:7911 [Term] id: ARO:3003709 @@ -30953,6 +31146,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "A heterocyclic antibiotic that targets mutant gyrA (type II topoisomerase) containing an S84L substitution, counteracting acquired quinolone resistance. It is effective against quinolone-resistant Gram-positive bacteria including S. aureus and E. faecalis. Due to its ability to counteract quinolone resistance by targeting the mutant form of the gyrA protein, it is classified as a reverse antibiotic (RA)." [PMID:16589716, PMID:22534508] is_a: ARO:3007157 ! nybomycin-like antibiotic xref: PubChem:169159 +xref: CHEBI:203472 [Term] id: ARO:3003784 @@ -31321,6 +31515,7 @@ synonym: "Benzalkonium" EXACT [] synonym: "D00857" EXACT [] synonym: "Zephiran chloride" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:2330 +xref: CHEBI:3020 [Term] id: ARO:3003830 @@ -31341,6 +31536,7 @@ synonym: "BRL 17421" EXACT [] synonym: "Temocilline" EXACT [] synonym: "Temocillinum" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:171758 +xref: CHEBI:51817 [Term] id: ARO:3003832 @@ -31352,6 +31548,7 @@ synonym: "Ticarcilina" EXACT [] synonym: "Ticarcilline" EXACT [] synonym: "Ticarcillinum" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:36921 +xref: CHEBI:9587 [Term] id: ARO:3003835 @@ -31832,6 +32029,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Tedizolid is a synthetic oxazolidinone antibiotic that is administered to the patient as a prodrug that is activated in vivo. It acts as an inhibitor of protein synthesis by binding the 50S subunit of the ribosome and preventing formation of the 70S initiation complex. It is active against Gram-positive pathogens." [PMID:27904526, PMID:22324973] is_a: ARO:3000079 ! oxazolidinone antibiotic xref: PubChem:11234049 +xref: CHEBI:82717 [Term] id: ARO:3003898 @@ -31840,6 +32038,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Lugdunin is a thiazolidine-containing cyclic peptide antibiotic isolated from nasal Staphylococcus lugnunensis that prohibits Staphylococcus aureus colony formation. It is a human commensal bacteria, indicating the potential for further antibiotic discoveries from human microbiota." [PMID:27466123] is_a: ARO:3000053 ! peptide antibiotic xref: PubChem:121596231 +xref: CHEBI:133127 [Term] id: ARO:3003899 @@ -31950,6 +32149,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "A drug which binds to menaquinone in the bacterial cell membrane. Binding of Lysocin to menaquinone facilitates lysis of the cell." [PMID:25485686] is_a: ARO:3003919 ! lysocin xref: PubChem:53373747 +xref: CHEBI:220095 [Term] id: ARO:3003916 @@ -32064,6 +32264,7 @@ def: "Ceftolozane is a fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic developed for t is_a: ARO:3009109 ! other cephalosporins and penems synonym: "Zerbaxa" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:53234134 +xref: CHEBI:134719 [Term] id: ARO:3003928 @@ -32128,6 +32329,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "An aminomethylcycline antibiotic that targets 16s rRNA in gram positive and gram negative bacteria." [PMID:27669321] is_a: ARO:3000050 ! tetracycline antibiotic xref: PubChem:54697325 +xref: CHEBI:177758 [Term] id: ARO:3003937 @@ -32236,6 +32438,7 @@ def: "Microcin J25 is a peptide antibiotic that inhibits transcription by bacter is_a: ARO:3000053 ! peptide antibiotic synonym: "MccJ25" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:10793809 +xref: CHEBI:203056 [Term] id: ARO:3003952 @@ -32294,6 +32497,7 @@ synonym: "Hexadecanoic acid" EXACT [] synonym: "N-Hexadecanoic acid" EXACT [] synonym: "Palmitate" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:985 +xref: CHEBI:15756 [Term] id: ARO:3003958 @@ -32306,6 +32510,7 @@ synonym: "Cis-Oleic acid" EXACT [] synonym: "Elaidoic acid" EXACT [] synonym: "Oleate" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:445639 +xref: CHEBI:16196 [Term] id: ARO:3003959 @@ -38896,6 +39101,7 @@ name: Vanillobiocin namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Antibiotic similar to clorobiocin, but with vanillic acid as the acyl component instead of crenelated 4-hydroxybenzoic acid." [PMID:15152806] is_a: ARO:3000103 ! aminocoumarin antibiotic +xref: CHEBI:197618 [Term] id: ARO:3004717 @@ -38903,6 +39109,7 @@ name: Isovanillobiocin namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Antibiotic similar to clorobiocin, but with vanillic acid as the acyl component instead of crenelated 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. different from vanillobiocin by the [psition of the pyrrole unit attached to the sugar moiety of the antibiotic." [PMID:15152806] is_a: ARO:3000103 ! aminocoumarin antibiotic +xref: CHEBI:211429 [Term] id: ARO:3004718 @@ -38910,6 +39117,7 @@ name: Declovanillobiocin namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Antibiotic similar to clorobiocin, but with vanillic acid as the acyl component instead of crenelated 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Declovanillobiocin lacks the chlorine atom at the aminocoumarin ring compared to vanillobiocin." [PMID:15152806] is_a: ARO:3000103 ! aminocoumarin antibiotic +xref: CHEBI:206681 [Term] id: ARO:3004719 @@ -58155,6 +58363,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Klebsidin is a peptide antibiotic derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae that exhibits activity against members of the Enterobacteriaceae family of Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia and Salmonella species. Klebsidin acts by accumulating in the target cell and inhibiting RNA polymerase." [PMID:35315272] is_a: ARO:3000053 ! peptide antibiotic xref: PubChem:146684527 +xref: CHEBI:219023 [Term] id: ARO:3007094 @@ -58349,6 +58558,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Ornidazole is a synthetic nitroimidazole derivative mainly used to treat parasitic infections but has also demonstrated antibiotic activity against anaerobic bacteria." [PMID:18220342, PMID:1863621] is_a: ARO:3004115 ! nitroimidazole antibiotic xref: PubChem:28061 +xref: CHEBI:75176 [Term] id: ARO:3007115 @@ -58554,6 +58764,7 @@ is_a: ARO:3000034 ! nucleoside antibiotic synonym: "3'-deoxyadenosine" EXACT [] synonym: "cordycepine" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:6303 +xref: CHEBI:29014 [Term] id: ARO:3007140 @@ -58592,6 +58803,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Sulopenem is a carbapenem derivative in phase III clinical trials (2022) for the treatment of various gram-positive and gram-negative infections." [PMID:35294769] is_a: ARO:0000020 ! carbapenem xref: PubChem:9950244 +xref: CHEBI:201412 [Term] id: ARO:3007144 @@ -58771,6 +58983,7 @@ def: "Gemifloxacin is a broad-spectrum, fourth generation, oral fluoroquinolone is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic synonym: "Factive" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:9571107 +xref: CHEBI:101853 [Term] id: ARO:3007166 @@ -58804,6 +59017,7 @@ def: "Pirlimycin is an experimental/veterinary lincosamide antibiotic. Although is_a: ARO:0000017 ! lincosamide antibiotic synonym: "Pirsue" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:157385 +xref: CHEBI:201427 [Term] id: ARO:3007171 @@ -60766,6 +60980,7 @@ def: "Gentamicin X is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is a precursor of gentami is_a: ARO:3007382 ! gentamicin synonym: "gentamicin X2" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:15574862 +xref: CHEBI:81280 [Term] id: ARO:3007377 @@ -61421,6 +61636,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cethromycin is a ketolide (macrolide) antibiotic, with a similar mechanism to telithromycin, with activity against selected gram-positive, gram-negative, atypical bacteria, and even designed for tularemia, plague, and anthrax prophylaxis." [PMID:37081393] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: PubChem:447451 +xref: CHEBI:29506 [Term] id: ARO:3007456 @@ -61532,6 +61748,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Sulfanilamide is a sulfonamide anti-infective used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida albicans." [PMID:37081146] is_a: ARO:3000282 ! sulfonamide antibiotic xref: PubChem:5333 +xref: CHEBI:45373 [Term] id: ARO:3007469 @@ -61540,6 +61757,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Sulfamerazine is a sulfonamide anti-infective used to treat bacterial infections, such as bronchitis, prostatitis, and urinary tract infections." [PMID:37081146] is_a: ARO:3000282 ! sulfonamide antibiotic xref: PubChem:5325 +xref: CHEBI:102130 [Term] id: ARO:3007470 @@ -61556,6 +61774,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Narasin is polyether ionophore antibiotic. It is a derivative of salinomycin with an additional methyl group. Narasin is produced by fermentation of a strain of Streptomyces aureofaciens." [PMID:37119567] is_a: ARO:3005163 ! ionophore with antibiotic activity xref: PubChem:65452 +xref: CHEBI:183815 [Term] id: ARO:3007472 @@ -61564,6 +61783,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Tilmicosin is a macrolide antibiotic used for livestock and poultry synthesized from tylomycin. It is mainly used to treat common bacterial infections and diseases caused by mycoplasma infection in livestock and poultry breeding. Tilmicosin has broad-spectrum antibacterial properties and has a strong inhibitory effect on most Gram positive and negative bacteria." [PMID:37110187] is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic xref: PubChem:5282521 +xref: CHEBI:195409 [Term] id: ARO:3007473 @@ -61591,6 +61811,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cefcapene is a third-generation cephalosporin in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics used to manage and treat gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial infections." [PMID:36872372] is_a: ARO:3009107 ! third-generation cephalosporin xref: PubChem:6436055 +xref: CHEBI:131729 [Term] id: ARO:3007476 @@ -61640,6 +61861,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Pseudouridimycin is a nucleoside analogue inhibitor discovered from the soil bacterium Streptomyces sp. which has proven to be effective against multidrug-resistant S. pyogenes." [PMID:36873015] is_a: ARO:3000034 ! nucleoside antibiotic xref: PubChem:72792467 +xref: CHEBI:199549 [Term] id: ARO:3007482 @@ -61673,6 +61895,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Nigericin is an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It is described as a potassium ionophore, which facilitates H+/K+ anti-port across cell membranes, thereby activating NLRP3 by causing potassium efflux." [PMID:37247906] is_a: ARO:3005163 ! ionophore with antibiotic activity xref: PubChem:34230 +xref: CHEBI:7569 [Term] id: ARO:3007486 @@ -61803,6 +62026,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Caspofungin is an antibiotic, particularly antifungal, derived from echinocandins. It has a wide range of activity against fungi and yeasts." [PMID:11465873] is_a: ARO:3007496 ! echinocandin antibiotic xref: PubChem:3035406 +xref: CHEBI:474180 [Term] id: ARO:3007502 @@ -61811,6 +62035,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Micafungin is an antibiotic, particularly antifungal, derived from echinocandins. It was discovered at Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. It is active against most Candida species." [PMID:18424132] is_a: ARO:3007496 ! echinocandin antibiotic xref: PubChem:477468 +xref: CHEBI:600520 [Term] id: ARO:3007503 @@ -61819,6 +62044,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Anidulafungin is an antibiotic, particularly antifungal, derived from echinocandins. It exhibits strong antifungal action against a variety of Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp., including those that are resistant to amphotericin B and triazole." [PMID:15456342] is_a: ARO:3007496 ! echinocandin antibiotic xref: PubChem:166548 +xref: CHEBI:55346 [Term] id: ARO:3007504 @@ -61827,6 +62053,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Amphotericin B is an antibiotic, particularly antifungal, derived from polyene. It exhibits strong antifungal action against a variety of fungi species and is typically considered the gold standard of antifungals." [PMID:33523419] is_a: ARO:3007497 ! polyene antibiotic xref: PubChem:5280965 +xref: CHEBI:2682 [Term] id: ARO:3007505 @@ -61835,6 +62062,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Nystatin is an antibiotic, particularly antifungal, derived from polyene. Nystatin is fungistatic in vitro against Candida albicans and certain other yeast-like fungi." [PMID:4919155] is_a: ARO:3007497 ! polyene antibiotic xref: PubChem:6433272 +xref: CHEBI:7660 [Term] id: ARO:3007506 @@ -61843,6 +62071,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Naftifine is an antibiotic, particularly antifungal, derived from Allylamine. It was discovered in 19742 at the Sandoz Research Institute in Vienna, Austria. Naftifine is fungicidal against a broad spectrum of dermatophyte fungi and provides good against Candida and Aspergillus species." [PMID:18346400, PMID:1723367] is_a: ARO:3007498 ! allylamine antibiotic xref: PubChem:47641 +xref: CHEBI:7451 [Term] id: ARO:3007507 @@ -61851,6 +62080,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Terbinafine is an antibiotic, particularly antifungal, derived from allylamine. Terbinafine is active against a broad range of fungi and yeast. It was discovered in 1983." [PMID:1372222] is_a: ARO:3007498 ! allylamine antibiotic xref: PubChem:1549008 +xref: CHEBI:9448 [Term] id: ARO:3007508 @@ -61859,6 +62089,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Fluconazole is a type of triazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It is used for the treatment of superficial and systemic fungal infections." [PMID:10830059, PMID:8448970] is_a: ARO:3007499 ! triazole antibiotic xref: PubChem:3365 +xref: CHEBI:46081 [Term] id: ARO:3007509 @@ -61876,6 +62107,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Itraconazole is a type of triazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It has broad spectrum activity against Candida and Malassezia species and Dermatophytes." [PMID:2561187] is_a: ARO:3007499 ! triazole antibiotic xref: PubChem:55283 +xref: CHEBI:6076 [Term] id: ARO:3007512 @@ -61884,6 +62116,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Voriconazole is a type of triazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It is used for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis, candidaemia, and infections caused by Candida spp." [PMID:16278744] is_a: ARO:3007499 ! triazole antibiotic xref: PubChem:71616 +xref: CHEBI:10023 [Term] id: ARO:3007513 @@ -61892,6 +62125,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Posaconazole is a type of triazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It has broad spectrum activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus." [PMID:10898669] is_a: ARO:3007499 ! triazole antibiotic xref: PubChem:468595 +xref: CHEBI:64355 [Term] id: ARO:3007514 @@ -61900,6 +62134,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Isavuconazole is a type of triazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It has activity against yeasts, dimorphic fungi, and molds." [PMID:16284102] is_a: ARO:3007499 ! triazole antibiotic xref: PubChem:6918485 +xref: CHEBI:85979 [Term] id: ARO:3007515 @@ -61918,6 +62153,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Clotrimazole is a type of imidazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It is mostly used for the treatment of tinea pedis, vulvovaginal and oropharyngeal candidiasis. It has broad activity against Candida albicans and other fungal infections." [PMID:4677595, PMID:5579860] is_a: ARO:3007500 ! imidazole antibiotic xref: PubChem:2812 +xref: CHEBI:3764 [Term] id: ARO:3007517 @@ -61926,6 +62162,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Ketoconazole is a type of imidazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It was one of the first available oral broad-spectrum antifungals for the treatment of systemic and superficial mycoses." [PMID:6276122, PMID:707893] is_a: ARO:3007500 ! imidazole antibiotic xref: PubChem:456201 +xref: CHEBI:47519 [Term] id: ARO:3007518 @@ -61934,6 +62171,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Miconazole is a type of imidazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It is used to treat oral and vaginal yeast infections, as well as mucosal thrush." [PMID:4563141, PMID:4919243] is_a: ARO:3007500 ! imidazole antibiotic xref: PubChem:4189 +xref: CHEBI:6923 [Term] id: ARO:3007519 @@ -61942,6 +62180,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Econazole is a type of imidazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It is often used to treat tinea cruris, tinea pedis, and tinea corporis." [PMID:4417140, PMID:1173036] is_a: ARO:3007500 ! imidazole antibiotic xref: PubChem:3198 +xref: CHEBI:4754 [Term] id: ARO:3007520 @@ -61950,6 +62189,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Oxiconazole is a type of imidazole antibiotic, particularly antifungal. It is primarily used to treat tinea pedis, tinea cruris, tinea corporis, and tinea versicolor." [PMID:7037014, PMID:583212] is_a: ARO:3007500 ! imidazole antibiotic xref: PubChem:5353853 +xref: CHEBI:7825 [Term] id: ARO:3007521 @@ -61958,6 +62198,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Flumequine is a first generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is used primarily for the treatment of enteric infections in domestic species. It has been removed from clinical use and is no longer being marketed." [PMID:34729090] is_a: ARO:0000001 ! fluoroquinolone antibiotic xref: PubChem:3374 +xref: CHEBI:85267 [Term] id: ARO:3007522 @@ -62027,6 +62268,7 @@ def: "Pivmecillinam, the oral prodrug of the antimicrobial active agent mecillin is_a: ARO:3009123 ! penicillin with extended spectrum synonym: "amdinocillin pivoxil" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:115163 +xref: CHEBI:51210 [Term] id: ARO:3007530 @@ -62073,6 +62315,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Arsinothricin is a natural product synthesized by the rhizosphere bacterium Burkholderia gladioli GSRB05 and is a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against human pathogens such as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae. It is a non-proteogenic amino acid and glutamate mimetic that inhibits bacterial glutamine synthetase." [PMID:36785875] is_a: ARO:3000551 ! organoarsenic antibiotic xref: PubChem:170988177 +xref: CHEBI:220158 [Term] id: ARO:3007535 @@ -62133,6 +62376,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cyclomarin A was found to be bacteriocidal against bacteria replicating in culture broth and in human-derived macrophages and a series of multidrug resistant clinical isolates. It was identified as a potent antitubercular compound in a natural product whole cell screen. Importantly it kills both growing and dormant, non-replicating mycobacteria." [PMID:27241518, PMID:36748577] is_a: ARO:3007540 ! cyclomarin antibiotics xref: PubChem:10772429 +xref: CHEBI:182606 [Term] id: ARO:3007542 @@ -62141,6 +62385,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cyclomarin B is a cyclomarin antibiotic." [PMID:27241518] is_a: ARO:3007540 ! cyclomarin antibiotics xref: PubChem:21593897 +xref: CHEBI:218852 [Term] id: ARO:3007543 @@ -62149,6 +62394,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cyclomarin C is a cyclomarin antibiotic." [PMID:27241518] is_a: ARO:3007540 ! cyclomarin antibiotics xref: PubChem:11205419 +xref: CHEBI:211272 [Term] id: ARO:3007544 @@ -62181,6 +62427,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Salinomycin is an antibacterial and coccidiostat ionophore therapeutic drug." [PMID:37276926] is_a: ARO:3005163 ! ionophore with antibiotic activity xref: PubChem:3085092 +xref: CHEBI:80025 [Term] id: ARO:3007548 @@ -62365,6 +62612,7 @@ def: "Mycaminosyltylonolide is a tylosin derivative with promising anti- P. aeru is_a: ARO:0000000 ! macrolide antibiotic synonym: "5-O-mycaminosyltylonolide" EXACT [] xref: PubChem:6437420 +xref: CHEBI:77011 [Term] id: ARO:3007571 @@ -62459,6 +62707,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." [PMID:33440167] is_a: ARO:3007574 ! formicamycin xref: PubChem:146684581 +xref: CHEBI:219437 [Term] id: ARO:3007583 @@ -62467,6 +62716,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." [PMID:33440167] is_a: ARO:3007574 ! formicamycin xref: PubChem:146684582 +xref: CHEBI:219443 [Term] id: ARO:3007584 @@ -62475,6 +62725,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." [PMID:33440167] is_a: ARO:3007574 ! formicamycin xref: PubChem:146684583 +xref: CHEBI:219450 [Term] id: ARO:3007585 @@ -62483,6 +62734,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." [PMID:33440167] is_a: ARO:3007574 ! formicamycin xref: PubChem:146684585 +xref: CHEBI:219460 [Term] id: ARO:3007586 @@ -62491,6 +62743,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." [PMID:33440167] is_a: ARO:3007574 ! formicamycin xref: PubChem:146684593 +xref: CHEBI:219506 [Term] id: ARO:3007587 @@ -62499,6 +62752,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." [PMID:33440167] is_a: ARO:3007574 ! formicamycin xref: PubChem:156020171 +xref: CHEBI:226636 [Term] id: ARO:3007588 @@ -62507,6 +62761,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." [PMID:33440167] is_a: ARO:3007574 ! formicamycin xref: PubChem:146684592 +xref: CHEBI:219500 [Term] id: ARO:3007589 @@ -62515,6 +62770,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." [PMID:33440167] is_a: ARO:3007574 ! formicamycin xref: PubChem:146684586 +xref: CHEBI:219466 [Term] id: ARO:3007590 @@ -62523,6 +62779,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." [PMID:33440167] is_a: ARO:3007574 ! formicamycin xref: PubChem:156011794 +xref: CHEBI:226642 [Term] id: ARO:3007591 @@ -62531,6 +62788,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." [PMID:33440167] is_a: ARO:3007574 ! formicamycin xref: PubChem:146684587 +xref: CHEBI:219470 [Term] id: ARO:3007592 @@ -62539,6 +62797,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." [PMID:33440167] is_a: ARO:3007574 ! formicamycin xref: PubChem:146684584 +xref: CHEBI:219455 [Term] id: ARO:3007593 @@ -62547,6 +62806,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." [PMID:33440167] is_a: ARO:3007574 ! formicamycin xref: PubChem:156010277 +xref: CHEBI:226631 [Term] id: ARO:3007594 @@ -62555,6 +62815,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." [PMID:33440167] is_a: ARO:3007574 ! formicamycin xref: PubChem:146684588 +xref: CHEBI:219476 [Term] id: ARO:3007595 @@ -62563,6 +62824,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." [PMID:33440167] is_a: ARO:3007574 ! formicamycin xref: PubChem:156018422 +xref: CHEBI:226647 [Term] id: ARO:3007596 @@ -62571,6 +62833,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." [PMID:33440167] is_a: ARO:3007574 ! formicamycin xref: PubChem:146684589 +xref: CHEBI:219484 [Term] id: ARO:3007597 @@ -62579,6 +62842,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." [PMID:33440167] is_a: ARO:3007574 ! formicamycin xref: PubChem:146684590 +xref: CHEBI:219490 [Term] id: ARO:3007598 @@ -62587,6 +62851,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Formicamycin congeners are promising antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA and display a high barrier to selection of resistant isolates." [PMID:33440167] is_a: ARO:3007574 ! formicamycin xref: PubChem:146684591 +xref: CHEBI:219496 [Term] id: ARO:3007599 @@ -62610,6 +62875,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cervimycins are polyketide antibiotics." [PMID:36173303] is_a: ARO:3007600 ! cervimycin xref: PubChem:11557219 +xref: CHEBI:209712 [Term] id: ARO:3007602 @@ -62618,6 +62884,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cervimycins are polyketide antibiotics." [PMID:36173303] is_a: ARO:3007600 ! cervimycin xref: PubChem:11693822 +xref: CHEBI:206185 [Term] id: ARO:3007603 @@ -62626,6 +62893,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cervimycins are polyketide antibiotics." [PMID:36173303] is_a: ARO:3007600 ! cervimycin xref: PubChem:54687465 +xref: CHEBI:208953 [Term] id: ARO:3007604 @@ -62634,6 +62902,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Cervimycins are polyketide antibiotics." [PMID:36173303] is_a: ARO:3007600 ! cervimycin xref: PubChem:54677926 +xref: CHEBI:198705 [Term] id: ARO:3007605 @@ -62727,6 +62996,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." [PMID:36171648] is_a: ARO:3007615 ! pyrrolomycin antibiotic xref: PubChem:133275 +xref: CHEBI:156550 [Term] id: ARO:3007617 @@ -62735,6 +63005,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." [PMID:36171648] is_a: ARO:3007615 ! pyrrolomycin antibiotic xref: PubChem:133274 +xref: CHEBI:220052 [Term] id: ARO:3007618 @@ -62743,6 +63014,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." [PMID:36171648] is_a: ARO:3007615 ! pyrrolomycin antibiotic xref: PubChem:133779 +xref: CHEBI:210117 [Term] id: ARO:3007619 @@ -62760,6 +63032,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." [PMID:36171648] is_a: ARO:3007615 ! pyrrolomycin antibiotic xref: PubChem:5487782 +xref: CHEBI:220086 [Term] id: ARO:3007621 @@ -62794,6 +63067,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." [PMID:36171648] is_a: ARO:3007615 ! pyrrolomycin antibiotic xref: PubChem:11360758 +xref: CHEBI:210960 [Term] id: ARO:3007625 @@ -62802,6 +63076,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." [PMID:36171648] is_a: ARO:3007615 ! pyrrolomycin antibiotic xref: PubChem:11303705 +xref: CHEBI:222702 [Term] id: ARO:3007626 @@ -62819,6 +63094,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Pyrrolomycins are protonophores with antibiotic activity." [PMID:36171648] is_a: ARO:3007615 ! pyrrolomycin antibiotic xref: PubChem:11772125 +xref: CHEBI:217964 [Term] id: ARO:3007628 @@ -64037,6 +64313,7 @@ namespace: antibiotic_resistance def: "Marinomycin C is a member of a new class of bis-salicylate-containing polyene macrodiolides, which have potent antibiotic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium." [PMID:16448135] is_a: ARO:3007763 ! Marinomycin xref: PubChem:11240121 +xref: CHEBI:220588 [Term] id: ARO:3007767