From NLP to Large Language Models What is Natural Language Processing? Language models Statistical models (n-grams) Knowledge-based models Contextual language models Neural network-based models Feedforward neural networks Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) Long short-term memory (LSTM) Gated recurrent units (GRUs) Transformer models Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) Generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) What's next?