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conda

Conda is an open-source package and environment management software that can run on multiple operation systems.

  • As a package manager, Conda can help find and install Python packages and their dependencies.
  • As environment manager, Conda can create and manage virtual environments on the computer.

Conda environments allow users to manage project dependencies effectively, and it offers a command-line interface for package and environment operations.

How to install it?

Before the installation, make sure you are not confused with Conda, Miniconda, and Anaconda.

  • Conda is the core tool for managing virtual environments and installing packages.
  • Miniconda combines Conda, Python, and some base core packages.
  • Anaconda includes Miniconda as well as a large of the most widely used Python packages.

The fastest way to obtain Conda is to install Miniconda. Please refer to the following documentation for installation:

Here, I'll only show the Conda installation on the system I am using, that is, Ubuntu 22.04.

1. Download the Miniconda Installer

Download from Miniconda page, and got this

$ ls ~/Downloads
Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh

2. Verify the Installer Hashes

$ sha256sum ~/Downloads/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
d0643508fa49105552c94a523529f4474f91730d3e0d1f168f1700c43ae67595  Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh

The hash value is same as what's shown on the installer download page.

3. Run the Installer Script

Check -h and get the installtion options,

$ bash Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -h

usage: Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh [options]

Installs Miniconda3 py311_23.10.0-1

-b           run install in batch mode (without manual intervention),
             it is expected the license terms (if any) are agreed upon
-f           no error if install prefix already exists
-h           print this help message and exit
-p PREFIX    install prefix, defaults to ~/miniconda3, must not contain spaces.
-s           skip running pre/post-link/install scripts
-u           update an existing installation
-t           run package tests after installation (may install conda-build)

By default, it would install ~/miniconda3, you could specify another -p prefix to install Miniconda int other location based on your preference. For example,

$ sudo bash Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -p /opt/miniconda3

4. Conda & Shell Configuration

After the installation, we will need to initialize the shell. zsh is what I am using, so I run:

$ conda init zsh

What's changed in .zshrc?

# >>> conda initialize >>>
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
__conda_setup="$('/opt/miniconda3/bin/conda' 'shell.zsh' 'hook' 2> /dev/null)"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    eval "$__conda_setup"
else
    if [ -f "/opt/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
        . "/opt/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
    else
        export PATH="/opt/miniconda3/bin:$PATH"
    fi
fi
unset __conda_setup
# <<< conda initialize <<<

By default Conda is configured to activate the base environment when I open a fresh terminal session.

To disable that, run this command:

$ conda config --set auto_activate_base false

which would create ~/.condarc file with content below:

auto_activate_base: false

5. Conda Validation

Now the setup is done, then to verify it,

$ conda --version

For information on using our graphical installers for Windows or macOS, see the instructions for installing Anaconda.

How to use it?

1. Create a virtual environment

There are several different ways to create a virtual environment,

Create a new virtual environment,

$ conda create --name envname python=3.12

Or, create virtual environment from environment.yml or requirements.txt file,

$ conda env create

$ conda env create -n envname

$ conda env create folder/envname

$ conda env create -f /path/to/environment.yml

$ conda env create -f /path/to/requirements.txt -n envname

$ conda env create -f /path/to/requirements.txt -p /home/user/envname

2. Activate the virtual environment

List the virtual environments on your machine,

$ conda env list

Then choose your virtual environment to activate by this command,

$ conda activate envname

3. Manage Python packages

Then you can install Python packages in the activated environment,

To install a signle Python package,

$ conda install <package-name>

To install all Python packages from requirements.txt file,

$ conda install --file requirements.txt

To update specified environment according to environment.yml file,

$ conda env update --file environment.yml --prune

To update other environment, you could specify environment name,

$ conda env update --name envname --file environment.yml --prune

To export all Python packages in the environment, run this command:

$ conda env export -f environment.yml

If you'd like to export them into requirements.txt file, run this command:

$ conda list -e > requirements.txt

4. Deactivate the virtual environment

To deactivate the current environment, run this command:

$ conda deactivate

5. Remove the virtual environment

To remove the specified environment, run this command:

$ conda env remove --name envname

Different Python versions?

It is recommended to create the virtual environment with Python version specified,

$ conda create --name envname python=3.12
$ conda create --name envname python=3.11
$ conda create --name envname python=3.10

Happy Coding!