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BritishVirginIslands.txt
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* Home
* Country_Information
* Virgin Islands (British)
General information
The information on these pages should be used to research health risks and to
inform the pre-travel consultation. For advice regarding safety and security
please check the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) website.
Travellers should ideally arrange an appointment with their health professional
at least four to six weeks before travel. However, even if time is short, an
appointment is still worthwhile. This appointment provides an opportunity to
assess health risks taking into account a number of factors including
destination, medical history, and planned activities. For those with pre-
existing health problems, an earlier appointment is recommended.
While most travellers have a healthy and safe trip, there are some risks that
are relevant to travellers regardless of destination. These may for example
include road traffic and other accidents, diseases transmitted by insects or
ticks, diseases transmitted by contaminated food and water, sexually
transmitted infections, or health issues related to the heat or cold.
All travellers should ensure they have adequate_travel_health_insurance.
A list of useful resources including advice on how to reduce the risk of
certain health problems is available below.
Resources
* Food_and_water_hygiene
* Insect_and_tick_bite_avoidance
* Personal_safety
* Sexually_transmitted_infections
* Sun_protection
* Home
* Country_Information
* Virgin Islands (British)
Vaccine recommendations
Details of vaccination recommendations and requirements are provided below.
All Travellers
Travellers should be up to date with routine vaccination courses and boosters
as recommended_in_the_UK. These vaccinations include for example measles-mumps-
rubella (MMR) vaccine and diphtheria-tetanus-polio vaccine. Country specific
diphtheria recommendations are not provided here. Diphtheria tetanus and polio
are combined in a single vaccine in the UK. Therefore, when a tetanus booster
is recommended for travellers, diphtheria vaccine is also given. Should there
be an outbreak of diphtheria in a country, diphtheria vaccination guidance will
be provided.
Those who may be at increased risk of an infectious disease due to their work,
lifestyle choice, or certain underlying health problems should be up to date
with additional recommended vaccines. See the individual chapters of the ‘Green
Book’ Immunisation_against_infectious_disease for further details.
Certificate Requirements
There are no certificate requirements under International Health Regulations
(2005).
Most Travellers
The vaccines in this section are recommended for most travellers visiting this
country. Information on these vaccines can be found by clicking on the blue
arrow. Vaccines are listed alphabetically.
Tetanus
Tetanus is caused by a toxin released from Clostridium tetani and occurs
worldwide. Tetanus bacteria are present in soil and manure and may be
introduced through open wounds such as a puncture wound, burn or scratch.
Prevention
Travellers should thoroughly clean all wounds and seek appropriate medical
attention.
Tetanus vaccination
* Travellers should have completed a primary vaccination course according to
the UK schedule.
* If travelling to a country where medical facilities may be limited, a booster
dose of a tetanus-containing vaccine is recommended if the last dose was more
than ten years ago even if five doses of vaccine have been given previously.
Tetanus_in_brief
Some Travellers
The vaccines in this section are recommended for some travellers visiting this
country. Information on when these vaccines should be considered can be found
by clicking on the arrow. Vaccines are listed alphabetically.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is a viral infection transmitted through contaminated food and
water or by direct contact with an infectious person. Symptoms are often mild
or absent in young children, but the disease becomes more serious with
advancing age. Recovery can vary from weeks to months. Following hepatitis A
illness immunity is lifelong.
Those at increased risk include travellers visiting friends and relatives,
long-stay travellers, and those visiting areas of poor sanitation.
Prevention
All travellers should take care with personal, food and water hygiene.
Hepatitis A vaccination
Vaccination is recommended for those whose activities put them at increased
risk. This includes:
* those who are staying with or visiting the local population
* frequent and/or long-stay travellers to areas where sanitation and food
hygiene are likely to be poor
* those with existing medical conditions such as liver disease or haemophilia
* men who have sex with men
* injecting drug users
* those who may be exposed to the virus through their work
* those going to areas of hepatitis A outbreaks who have limited access to safe
water and medical care
Hepatitis A vaccine is well tolerated and affords long-lasting protection;
it could be considered for previously unvaccinated travellers at the discretion
of their healthcare provider.
Hepatitis_A_in_brief
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a viral infection; it is transmitted by exposure to infected
blood or body fluids. This mostly occurs during sexual contact or as a result
of blood-to-blood contact (for example from contaminated equipment during
medical and dental procedures, tattooing or body piercing procedures, and
sharing of intravenous needles). Mothers with the virus can also transmit the
infection to their baby during childbirth.
Hepatitis B in Virgin Islands (British)
2% or more of the population are known or thought to be persistently infected
with the hepatitis B virus (intermediate/high prevalence).
Prevention
Travellers should avoid contact with blood or body fluids. This includes:
* avoiding unprotected sexual intercourse.
* avoiding tattooing, piercing, public shaving, and acupuncture (unless sterile
equipment is used).
* not sharing needles or other injection equipment.
* following universal precautions if working in a medical/dental/high risk
setting.
A sterile medical equipment kit may be helpful when travelling to resource poor
areas.
Hepatitis B vaccination
Vaccination could be considered for all travellers, and is recommended for
those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk including:
* those who may have unprotected sex.
* those who may be exposed to contaminated needles through injecting drug use.
* those who may be exposed to blood or body fluids through their work (e.g.
health workers).
* those who may be exposed to contaminated needles as a result of having
medical or dental care e.g. those with pre-existing medical conditions and
those travelling for medical care abroad including those intending to receive
renal dialysis overseas.
* long-stay travellers
* those who are participating in contact sports.
* families adopting children from this country.
Hepatitis_B_in_brief
Rabies (Bat Lyssavirus)
Although rare, bat lyssaviruses (bat rabies) can be transmitted to humans or
other animals following contact with the saliva of an infected bat most often
by a bite. The disease can also be transmitted if the saliva of an infected bat
gets into open wounds or mucous membranes (such as on the eye, nose or mouth).
Bat lyssaviruses can cause disease in humans that is indistinguishable from
rabies.
Symptoms can take some time to develop, but when they do the condition is
almost always fatal.
Bat Lyssavirus in Virgin Islands (British)
Rabies has not been reported in domestic or wild animals in this country;
therefore most travellers are considered to be at low risk. However, bats may
carry bat lyssavirus (bat rabies).
Prevention
* Travellers should avoid contact with bats. Bites from bats are frequently
unrecognised. Rabies-like disease caused by bat lyssaviruses is preventable
with prompt post-exposure rabies treatment.
* Following a possible exposure, wounds should be thoroughly cleansed and an
urgent local medical assessment sought, even if the wound appears trivial.
Although rabies has not been reported in other animals in this country, it is
sensible to seek prompt medical advice if bitten or scratched. It is
possible, although very rare for bats to pass rabies like viruses to other
animals including pets.
* Post-exposure treatment and advice should be in accordance with national
guidelines.
Rabies vaccination
* Pre-exposure rabies vaccinations are recommended for those who are at
increased risk due to their work (e.g. laboratory staff working with the
virus and those working with bats).
* Pre exposure vaccines could be considered for those whose activities put them
at increased risk of exposure to bats.
Rabies_in_brief
* Home
* Country_Information
* Virgin Islands (British)
Other risks
The risk below may be present in all or part of the country.
Dengue
Dengue is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes which predominantly feed
between dawn and dusk. It causes a flu-like illness, which can occasionally
develop into a more serious life-threatening form of the disease. Severe dengue
is rare in travellers.
The mosquitoes that transmit dengue are most abundant in towns, cities and
surrounding areas. All travellers to dengue areas are at risk.
Dengue in Virgin Islands (British)
Dengue is known or has the potential to occur in this country.
Prevention
* All travellers should avoid mosquito bites particularly between dawn and
dusk.
* There is no vaccination or medication to prevent dengue.
Dengue_in_brief
* Home
* Country_Information
* Virgin Islands (British)
Important News
_yellow-globe-Americas_
19 Jan 2016
Diseases_transmitted_by_insects_and_ticks_in_the_Americas
Depending on the destination, travellers may be at risk of a number of
different diseases Read_more
*
_Mosquito_
21 Jul 2015
Chikungunya_virus:_Caribbean_and_the_Americas
Ongoing surveillance on Chikungunya virus in Caribbean and the Americas Read
more
*
All_News
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* Virgin Islands (British)
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