diff --git a/lib/vobject/component.rb b/lib/vobject/component.rb
index 637ef7d..0d3a06b 100644
--- a/lib/vobject/component.rb
+++ b/lib/vobject/component.rb
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def initialize(key, cs, err)
         end
       end
     end
-    self.errors = err
+    self.errors = err.select { |e| !e.nil? }
     self.norm = nil
   end
 
diff --git a/lib/vobject/propertyvalue.rb b/lib/vobject/propertyvalue.rb
index d3b47d3..b82e668 100644
--- a/lib/vobject/propertyvalue.rb
+++ b/lib/vobject/propertyvalue.rb
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ def <=>(another)
 
     def initialize(val)
       self.value = val
-      self.type = "property"
+      self.type = "text" # safe default
       self.norm = nil
     end
 
diff --git a/lib/vobject/vcard/v4_0/property.rb b/lib/vobject/vcard/v4_0/property.rb
index a92d797..f321f94 100644
--- a/lib/vobject/vcard/v4_0/property.rb
+++ b/lib/vobject/vcard/v4_0/property.rb
@@ -1,38 +1,63 @@
 require "vobject/property"
+require "vobject/parameter"
+require "pp"
 
 module Vcard::V4_0
   class Property < Vobject::Property
-  end
-
-  def parameter_base_class
-    version_class.const_get(:Parameter)
-  end
+=begin
+    def parameter_base_class
+      version_class.const_get(:Parameter)
+    end
+=end
 
-  def property_base_class
-    version_class.const_get(:Property)
-  end
+    def property_base_class
+      version_class.const_get(:Property)
+    end
 
+=begin
+    def to_norm
+      puts "XXX"
+      if norm.nil?
+        if multiple.nil? || multiple.empty?
+          ret = to_norm_line
+        else
+          arr = []
+          multiple.sort.each do |x|
+            arr << x.to_norm_line
+          end
+          ret = arr.join("")
+        end
+        norm = ret
+      end
+      norm
+    end
+=end
 
-  def to_norm_line
-    line = group ? "#{group}." : ""
-    line << name.to_s.tr("_", "-").upcase
+    def to_norm_line
+      line = group ? "#{group}." : ""
+      line << name.to_s.tr("_", "-").upcase
 
-    # add mandatory VALUE param
-    outparams = params
-    outparams[:VALUE] = value.type
+      # add mandatory VALUE param
+      outparams = params
+      if outparams.nil?
+        outparams = []
+      end
+      outparams = outparams.select { |p| p.param_name != :VALUE }
+      outparams << Vobject::Parameter.new(:VALUE, value.type)
 
-    (outparams || {}).sort.each do |p|
-      line << ";#{p.to_norm}"
-    end
+      (outparams || {}).sort.each do |p|
+        line << ";#{p.to_norm}"
+      end
 
-    line << ":#{value.to_norm}"
+      line << ":#{value.to_norm}"
 
-    line = Vobject::fold_line(line) << "\n"
+      line = Vobject::fold_line(line) << "\n"
 
-    line
-  end
+      line
+    end
 
-  def version_class
-    Vcard::V4_0
+    def version_class
+      Vcard::V4_0
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/vobject/vcard/v4_0/propertyvalue.rb b/lib/vobject/vcard/v4_0/propertyvalue.rb
index fc5a6be..c765ab4 100644
--- a/lib/vobject/vcard/v4_0/propertyvalue.rb
+++ b/lib/vobject/vcard/v4_0/propertyvalue.rb
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ def to_s
     class Clientpidmap < Text
       def initialize(val)
         self.value = val
+        # not explicitly specified in spec
         self.type = "text"
       end
 
@@ -381,7 +382,7 @@ def to_hash
     class Address < Vobject::PropertyValue
       def initialize(val)
         self.value = val
-        self.type = "address"
+        self.type = "text"
       end
 
       def to_s
diff --git a/lib/vobject/vcard/v4_0/typegrammars.rb b/lib/vobject/vcard/v4_0/typegrammars.rb
index a7f729b..2e9884b 100644
--- a/lib/vobject/vcard/v4_0/typegrammars.rb
+++ b/lib/vobject/vcard/v4_0/typegrammars.rb
@@ -213,7 +213,9 @@ def timestamp
           h
         end
         timestamp = seq(date_complete << "T".r, time_complete) do |d, t|
-          PropertyValue::DateTimeLocal.new(d.merge(t))
+          ret = PropertyValue::DateTimeLocal.new(d.merge(t))
+          ret.type = 'timestamp'
+          ret
         end
         timestamp.eof
       end
@@ -279,9 +281,19 @@ def date_and_or_time
         end | seq("-", "-", second) do |_, _, s|
           { sec: s }
         end
-        date_and_or_time = date_time.map { |d| PropertyValue::DateTimeLocal.new d } |
-          date.map { |d| PropertyValue::Date.new d } |
-          seq("T".r >> time).map { |t| PropertyValue::Time.new t }
+        date_and_or_time = date_time.map do |d| 
+          ret = PropertyValue::DateTimeLocal.new d 
+          ret.type = "date-and-or-time"
+          ret
+        end | date.map do |d| 
+          ret = PropertyValue::Date.new d 
+          ret.type = "date-and-or-time"
+          ret
+        end | seq("T".r >> time).map do |t| 
+          ret = PropertyValue::Time.new t 
+          ret.type = "date-and-or-time"
+          ret
+        end
         date_and_or_time.eof
       end
 
diff --git a/spec/examples/vcard/apple5.norm.vcf b/spec/examples/vcard/apple5.norm.vcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b03ea61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/examples/vcard/apple5.norm.vcf
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+BEGIN:VCARD
+VERSION;VALUE="text":4.0
+FN;VALUE="text":Apple Inc.
+IMPP;TYPE="HOME","PREF";VALUE="uri";X-SERVICE-TYPE="AIM":aim:aimuser
+IMPP;TYPE="WORK";VALUE="uri";X-SERVICE-TYPE="AIM":aim:workaimuser
+item10.IMPP;VALUE="uri";X-SERVICE-TYPE="ICQ":aim:i%20seek%20you
+item11.IMPP;VALUE="uri";X-SERVICE-TYPE="QQ":x-apple:QQmoar
+item12.IMPP;VALUE="uri";X-SERVICE-TYPE="SKYPE":skype:skypie
+item13.IMPP;VALUE="uri";X-SERVICE-TYPE="MSN":msnim:msnisnomore
+item7.IMPP;VALUE="uri";X-SERVICE-TYPE="FACEBOOK":xmpp:facebookuser
+item8.IMPP;VALUE="uri";X-SERVICE-TYPE="GADUGADU":x-apple:gadugaduser
+item9.IMPP;VALUE="uri";X-SERVICE-TYPE="GOOGLETALK":xmpp:googleuser
+N;VALUE="text":Surnom;Nom;;;
+ORG;VALUE="text":Apple Inc.;
+PRODID;VALUE="text":-//Apple Inc.//Mac OS X 10.8.4//EN
+X-ABSHOWAS;VALUE="text":COMPANY
+X-ABUID;VALUE="text":904132B1-9C20-4D38-A1B9-32DE9A621DB8:ABPerson
+item10.X-ABLABEL;VALUE="text":other tag
+item11.X-ABLABEL;VALUE="text":other tag
+item12.X-ABLABEL;VALUE="text":other tag
+item13.X-ABLABEL;VALUE="text":other tag
+item7.X-ABLABEL;VALUE="text":other tag
+item8.X-ABLABEL;VALUE="text":_$!<Other>!$_
+item9.X-ABLABEL;VALUE="text":other tag
+END:VCARD
diff --git a/spec/examples/vcard/bubba4.norm.vcf b/spec/examples/vcard/bubba4.norm.vcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d2240d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/examples/vcard/bubba4.norm.vcf
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+BEGIN:VCARD
+VERSION;VALUE="text":4.0
+ADR;TYPE="HOME";VALUE="text":;;42 Plantation St.;Baytown;LA;30314;United St
+ ates of America
+ADR;TYPE="PREF","WORK";VALUE="text":;;100 Waters Edge;Baytown;LA;30314;Unit
+ ed States of America
+EMAIL;VALUE="text":forrestgump@example.com
+FN;VALUE="text":Forrest Gump
+N;VALUE="text":Forrest;Gump;;Mr.;
+ORG;VALUE="text":Bubba Gump Shrimp Co.
+PHOTO;MEDIATYPE="image/gif";VALUE="uri":http://www.example.com/dir_photos/m
+ y_photo.gif
+REV;VALUE="timestamp":20080424T195243Z
+TEL;TYPE="HOME","VOICE";VALUE="uri":tel:+1-404-555-1212
+TEL;TYPE="VOICE","WORK";VALUE="uri":tel:+1-111-555-1212
+TITLE;VALUE="text":Shrimp Man
+X-QQ;VALUE="text":21588891
+END:VCARD
diff --git a/spec/examples/vcard/example1.norm.vcf b/spec/examples/vcard/example1.norm.vcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..382872b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/examples/vcard/example1.norm.vcf
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+BEGIN:VCARD
+VERSION;VALUE="text":4.0
+CLIENTPIDMAP;VALUE="text":1;urn:uuid:53e374d9-337e-4727-8803-a1e9c14e0556
+CLIENTPIDMAP;VALUE="text":2;urn:uuid:1f762d2b-03c4-4a83-9a03-75ff658a6eee
+EMAIL;PID="1.1";VALUE="text":jdoe@example.com
+EMAIL;PID="2.1";VALUE="text":boss@example.com
+EMAIL;PID="2.2";VALUE="text":ceo@example.com
+FN;VALUE="text":J. Doe
+N;VALUE="text":Doe;J.;;;
+TEL;PID="1.1";VALUE="uri":tel:+1-555-555-5555
+TEL;PID="2.1","2.2";VALUE="uri":tel:+1-666-666-6666
+UID;VALUE="uri":urn:uuid:4fbe8971-0bc3-424c-9c26-36c3e1eff6b1
+END:VCARD
diff --git a/spec/examples/vcard/example2.norm.vcf b/spec/examples/vcard/example2.norm.vcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b15a31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/examples/vcard/example2.norm.vcf
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+BEGIN:VCARD
+VERSION;VALUE="text":4.0
+FN;VALUE="text":Testing Vcard
+END:VCARD
diff --git a/spec/examples/vcard/fullcontact.norm.vcf b/spec/examples/vcard/fullcontact.norm.vcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37b4e40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/examples/vcard/fullcontact.norm.vcf
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+BEGIN:VCARD
+VERSION;VALUE="text":4.0
+ADR;TYPE="CUSTOMTYPE";VALUE="text":;CustomExtended;CustomStreet;CustomCity;
+ CustomState;CustomPostal;CustomCountry
+ADR;TYPE="HOME";VALUE="text":;HomeExtended;HomeStreet;HomeCity;HomeState;Ho
+ mePostal;HomeCountry
+ADR;TYPE="OTHER";VALUE="text":;OtherExtended;OtherStreet;OtherCity;OtherSta
+ te;OtherPostal;OtherCountry
+ADR;TYPE="WORK";VALUE="text":;WorkExtended;WorkStreet;WorkCity;WorkState;Wo
+ rkPostal;WorkCountry
+BDAY;ALTID="1";VALUE="date-and-or-time":20160801
+BDAY;ALTID="1";VALUE="text":2016-08-01
+CATEGORIES;VALUE="text":Tag
+EMAIL;TYPE="CUSTOMTYPE";VALUE="text":custom@example.com
+EMAIL;TYPE="HOME";VALUE="text":home@example.com
+EMAIL;TYPE="OTHER";VALUE="text":other@example.com
+EMAIL;TYPE="SCHOOL";VALUE="text":school@example.com
+EMAIL;TYPE="WORK";VALUE="text":work@example.com
+FN;VALUE="text":Prefix FirstName MiddleName LastName Suffix
+GENDER;VALUE="text":M
+IMPP;VALUE="uri";X-SERVICE-TYPE="AIM":aim:aim
+IMPP;VALUE="uri";X-SERVICE-TYPE="CUSTOMTYPE":customtype:custom
+IMPP;VALUE="uri";X-SERVICE-TYPE="GTALK":xmpp:gtalk
+IMPP;VALUE="uri";X-SERVICE-TYPE="JABBER":xmpp:jabber
+IMPP;VALUE="uri";X-SERVICE-TYPE="OTHER":other:other
+IMPP;VALUE="uri";X-SERVICE-TYPE="SKYPE":skype:skype
+IMPP;VALUE="uri";X-SERVICE-TYPE="YAHOO":ymsgr:yahoo
+N;VALUE="text":LastName;FirstName;MiddleName;Prefix;Suffix
+NICKNAME;VALUE="text":NickName
+NOTE;VALUE="text":Notes line 1\nNotes line 2
+ORG;VALUE="text":Organization1;Department1
+ORG;VALUE="text":Organization2;Department2
+PHOTO;VALUE="uri":https://d2ojpxxtu63wzl.cloudfront.net/static/aa915d1f29f1
+ 9baf560e5491decdd30a_67c95da9133249fde8b0da7ceebc298bf680117e6f52054f7f5f7
+ a95e8377238
+PHOTO;VALUE="uri":https://d3m0kzytmr41b1.cloudfront.net/c335e945d1b60edd9d7
+ 5eb4837c432f637e95c8a
+PHOTO;VALUE="uri":https://d3m0kzytmr41b1.cloudfront.net/c335e945d1b60edd9d7
+ 5eb4837c432f637e95c8a
+PRODID;VALUE="text":ez-vcard 0.9.14-fc
+TEL;TYPE="CELL","VOICE";VALUE="text":555-555-1113
+TEL;TYPE="CELL","VOICE";VALUE="text":555-555-1114
+TEL;TYPE="FAX","HOME";VALUE="text":555-555-1116
+TEL;TYPE="FAX","WORK";VALUE="text":555-555-1117
+TEL;TYPE="HOME","VOICE";VALUE="text":555-555-1111
+TEL;TYPE="VOICE","WORK";VALUE="text":555-555-1112
+TEL;TYPE="VOICE";VALUE="text":555-555-1115
+TEL;TYPE="VOICE";VALUE="text":555-555-1118
+TEL;TYPE="VOICE";VALUE="text":555-555-1119
+TITLE;VALUE="text":Title1
+TITLE;VALUE="text":Title2
+URL;VALUE="uri":http://www.blog.com
+URL;VALUE="uri":http://www.custom.com
+URL;VALUE="uri":http://www.homepage.com
+URL;VALUE="uri":http://www.other.com
+X-ETAG;VALUE="text":fffffea9056d8166e2b7a427977e570c87dd51279d11d9b137c593e
+ b
+X-FC-LIST-ID;VALUE="text":8ad23200aa3e1984736b11e688dc0add41994b95
+X-FC-TAGS;VALUE="text":579c773f-736d-11e6-8dff-0ac8448704fb
+X-FCENCODED-582D46432D4F7468657244617465733A416E6E6976657273617279;VALUE="t
+ ext":2016-08-02
+X-FCENCODED-582D46432D4F7468657244617465733A437573746F6D54595045;VALUE="tex
+ t":2016-08-04
+X-FCENCODED-582D46432D4F7468657244617465733A4F74686572;VALUE="text":2016-08
+ -03
+X-FCENCODED-582D46432D52656C617465644E616D65733A417373697374616E74;VALUE="t
+ ext":Assistant
+X-FCENCODED-582D46432D52656C617465644E616D65733A42726F74686572;VALUE="text"
+ :Brother
+X-FCENCODED-582D46432D52656C617465644E616D65733A4368696C64;VALUE="text":Chi
+ ld
+X-FCENCODED-582D46432D52656C617465644E616D65733A437573746F6D54595045;VALUE=
+ "text":Custom
+X-FCENCODED-582D46432D52656C617465644E616D65733A466174686572;VALUE="text":F
+ ather
+X-FCENCODED-582D46432D52656C617465644E616D65733A4669616E63C3A9;VALUE="text"
+ :Fiance
+X-FCENCODED-582D46432D52656C617465644E616D65733A467269656E64;VALUE="text":F
+ riend
+X-FCENCODED-582D46432D52656C617465644E616D65733A4D616E61676572;VALUE="text"
+ :Manager
+X-FCENCODED-582D46432D52656C617465644E616D65733A4D6F74686572;VALUE="text":M
+ other
+X-FCENCODED-582D46432D52656C617465644E616D65733A4F74686572;VALUE="text":Oth
+ er
+X-FCENCODED-582D46432D52656C617465644E616D65733A506172656E74;VALUE="text":P
+ arent
+X-FCENCODED-582D46432D52656C617465644E616D65733A506172746E6572;VALUE="text"
+ :Partner
+X-FCENCODED-582D46432D52656C617465644E616D65733A536973746572;VALUE="text":S
+ ister
+X-FCENCODED-582D46432D52656C617465644E616D65733A53706F757365;VALUE="text":S
+ pouse
+X-GENDER;VALUE="text":male
+X-ID;VALUE="text":14f9aba0c9422da9ae376fe28bd89c2a.0
+END:VCARD
diff --git a/spec/examples/vcard/rfc6473.norm.vcf b/spec/examples/vcard/rfc6473.norm.vcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27f0973
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/examples/vcard/rfc6473.norm.vcf
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+BEGIN:VCARD
+VERSION;VALUE="text":4.0
+EMAIL;VALUE="text":xmpp@jabber.org
+FN;VALUE="text":jabber.org IM service
+GEO;VALUE="uri":geo:42.25\,-91.05
+IMPP;VALUE="uri":xmpp:jabber.org
+KIND;VALUE="text":application
+LANG;PREF="1";VALUE="language-tag":en
+LOGO;VALUE="uri":http://www.jabber.org/images/logo.png
+REV;VALUE="timestamp":19990104T122100Z
+SOURCE;VALUE="uri":xmpp:jabber.org?vcard
+TZ;VALUE="text":America/Chicago
+URL;VALUE="uri":http://www.jabber.org/
+END:VCARD
diff --git a/spec/examples/vcard/rfc6474.1.norm.vcf b/spec/examples/vcard/rfc6474.1.norm.vcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d541bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/examples/vcard/rfc6474.1.norm.vcf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+BEGIN:VCARD
+VERSION;VALUE="text":4.0
+BIRTHPLACE;VALUE="text":Babies'R'Us Hospital
+DEATHDATE;VALUE="date-and-or-time":--0415
+DEATHPLACE;VALUE="text":Aboard the Titanic\, near Newfoundland
+FN;VALUE="text":Simon Perreault
+N;VALUE="text":Perreault;Simon;;;ing. jr,M.Sc.
+END:VCARD
diff --git a/spec/examples/vcard/rfc6474.2.norm.vcf b/spec/examples/vcard/rfc6474.2.norm.vcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9850bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/examples/vcard/rfc6474.2.norm.vcf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+BEGIN:VCARD
+VERSION;VALUE="text":4.0
+BIRTHPLACE;VALUE="uri":http://example.com/hospitals/babiesrus.vcf
+DEATHDATE;VALUE="date-and-or-time":19531015T231000Z
+DEATHPLACE;VALUE="uri":http://example.com/ships/titanic.vcf
+FN;VALUE="text":Simon Perreault
+N;VALUE="text":Perreault;Simon;;;ing. jr,M.Sc.
+END:VCARD
diff --git a/spec/examples/vcard/rfc6474.3.norm.vcf b/spec/examples/vcard/rfc6474.3.norm.vcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e48eb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/examples/vcard/rfc6474.3.norm.vcf
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+BEGIN:VCARD
+VERSION;VALUE="text":4.0
+BIRTHPLACE;VALUE="uri":geo:46.769307\,-71.283079
+DEATHDATE;VALUE="text":circa 1800
+DEATHPLACE;VALUE="uri":geo:41.731944\,-49.945833
+FN;VALUE="text":Simon Perreault
+N;VALUE="text":Perreault;Simon;;;ing. jr,M.Sc.
+END:VCARD
diff --git a/spec/examples/vcard/rfc6715.1.norm.vcf b/spec/examples/vcard/rfc6715.1.norm.vcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2661ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/examples/vcard/rfc6715.1.norm.vcf
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+BEGIN:VCARD
+VERSION;VALUE="text":4.0
+EXPERTISE;INDEX="1";LEVEL="EXPERT";VALUE="text":chemistry
+EXPERTISE;INDEX="2";LEVEL="BEGINNER";VALUE="text":chinese literature
+FN;VALUE="text":Simon Perreault
+HOBBY;INDEX="1";LEVEL="HIGH";VALUE="text":reading
+HOBBY;INDEX="2";LEVEL="HIGH";VALUE="text":sewing
+INTEREST;INDEX="1";LEVEL="MEDIUM";VALUE="text":r&b music
+INTEREST;INDEX="2";LEVEL="HIGH";VALUE="text":rock 'n' roll music
+N;VALUE="text":Perreault;Simon;;;ing. jr,M.Sc.
+ORG-DIRECTORY;INDEX="1";VALUE="uri":http://directory.mycompany.example.com
+ORG-DIRECTORY;PREF="1";VALUE="uri":ldap://ldap.tech.example/o=Example%20Tec
+ h,ou=Engineering
+END:VCARD
diff --git a/spec/examples/vcard/trafalgar.norm.vcf b/spec/examples/vcard/trafalgar.norm.vcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4b9607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/examples/vcard/trafalgar.norm.vcf
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+BEGIN:VCARD
+VERSION;VALUE="text":4.0
+ADR;PREF="1";TYPE="HOME";VALUE="text":;;1 Trafalgar Square;London;;WC2N;Uni
+ ted Kingdom
+EMAIL;PREF="1";TYPE="HOME";VALUE="text":me@joebloggs.com
+FN;VALUE="text":Joe Bloggs
+IMPP;PREF="1";TYPE="HOME";VALUE="uri":skype:joe.bloggs
+N;VALUE="text":Bloggs;Joe;;;
+TEL;PREF="1";TYPE="CELL","HOME";VALUE="text":tel:+44 20 1234 5678
+URL;PREF="1";TYPE="HOME";VALUE="uri":http://joebloggs.com
+X-SOCIALPROFILE;PREF="1";TYPE="HOME";VALUE="text":twitter:https://twitter.c
+ om/joebloggs
+END:VCARD
diff --git a/spec/examples/vcard/ujb3.norm.vcf b/spec/examples/vcard/ujb3.norm.vcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b8819a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/examples/vcard/ujb3.norm.vcf
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+BEGIN:VCARD
+VERSION;VALUE="text":4.0
+ADR;TYPE="PREF","WORK";VALUE="text":;;aweg223;323;;;223
+EMAIL;TYPE="INTERNET","PREF","WORK";VALUE="text":hahahahahaahhajaneqblogg@a
+ sdf.example.com
+FN;VALUE="text":Jane Q Blogg
+N;VALUE="text":Q Blogg;Jane;;;
+OFFICE;VALUE="text":aowi
+ORG;VALUE="text":oi;oiwgo
+PRODID;VALUE="text":Microsoft-MacOutlook/14.10.0.110310
+TEL;TYPE="CELL";VALUE="text":aweg
+TEL;TYPE="WORK";VALUE="text":23g23
+TITLE;VALUE="text":messiah
+X-MS-IMADDRESS;TYPE="PREF";VALUE="text":mehemehehe@asdf.example.com
+END:VCARD
diff --git a/spec/examples/vcard/vcard4.norm.vcf b/spec/examples/vcard/vcard4.norm.vcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d12133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/examples/vcard/vcard4.norm.vcf
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+BEGIN:VCARD
+VERSION;VALUE="text":4.0
+ADR;TYPE="WORK";VALUE="text":pobox;apt;street;city;state;zipcode;country
+ANNIVERSARY;VALUE="date-and-or-time":19960415
+BDAY;VALUE="date-and-or-time":--0203
+CALADRURI;VALUE="uri":http://example.com/calendar/jdoe
+CALURI;MEDIATYPE="text/calendar";VALUE="uri":ftp://ftp.example.com/calA.ics
+CLIENTPIDMAP;VALUE="text":1;urn:uuid:3df403f4-5924-4bb7-b077-3c711d9eb34b
+EMAIL;TYPE="WORK";VALUE="text":jqpublic@xyz.example.com
+FBURL;MEDIATYPE="text/calendar";VALUE="uri":ftp://example.com/busy/project-
+ a.ifb
+FN;VALUE="text":J. Doe
+GENDER;VALUE="text":M;Fellow;Fellow;Fellow;Fellow
+GEO;VALUE="uri":geo:37.386013\,-122.082932
+IMPP;PREF="1";VALUE="uri":xmpp:alice@example.com
+KEY;VALUE="uri":http://www.example.com/keys/jdoe.cer
+KIND;VALUE="text":individual
+LANG;PREF="1";VALUE="language-tag":fr
+LOGO;VALUE="uri":http://www.example.com/pub/logos/abccorp.jpg
+MEMBER;VALUE="uri":urn:uuid:03a0e51f-d1aa-4385-8a53-e29025acd8af
+N;VALUE="text":Stevenson;John;Philip,Paul;Dr.;Jr.,M.D.,A.C.P.
+NICKNAME;TYPE="WORK";VALUE="text":Boss
+NOTE;VALUE="text":This fax number is operational 0800 to 1715 EST\, Mon-Fri
+ORG;VALUE="text":ABC\, Inc.;North American Division;Marketing
+PHOTO;VALUE="uri":http://www.example.com/pub/photos/jqpublic.gif
+RELATED;TYPE="FRIEND";VALUE="text":urn:uuid:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91
+ e6bf6
+REV;VALUE="timestamp":19951031T222710Z
+ROLE;VALUE="text":Project Leader
+SOUND;VALUE="uri":CID:JOHNQPUBLIC.part8.19960229T080000.xyzMail@example.com
+SOURCE;VALUE="uri":ldap://ldap.example.com/cn=Babs%20Jensen\,%20o=Babsco\,%
+ 20c=US
+TEL;TYPE="HOME";VALUE="uri":tel:+33-01-23-45-67
+TITLE;VALUE="text":Research Scientist
+TZ;VALUE="text":-0500
+XML;VALUE="text":<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></html>
+END:VCARD
diff --git a/spec/examples/vcard/vcard4author.norm.vcf b/spec/examples/vcard/vcard4author.norm.vcf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32d3eec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/examples/vcard/vcard4author.norm.vcf
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+BEGIN:VCARD
+VERSION;VALUE="text":4.0
+ADR;TYPE="WORK";VALUE="text":;Suite D2-630;2875 Laurier;Quebec;QC;G1V 2M2;C
+ anada
+ANNIVERSARY;VALUE="date-and-or-time":20090808T1430-0500
+BDAY;VALUE="date-and-or-time":--0203
+EMAIL;TYPE="WORK";VALUE="text":simon.perreault@viagenie.ca
+FN;VALUE="text":Simon Perreault
+GENDER;VALUE="text":M
+GEO;TYPE="WORK";VALUE="uri":geo:46.772673\,-71.282945
+KEY;TYPE="WORK";VALUE="uri":http://www.viagenie.ca/simon.perreault/simon.as
+ c
+LANG;PREF="1";VALUE="language-tag":fr
+LANG;PREF="2";VALUE="language-tag":en
+N;VALUE="text":Perreault;Simon;;;ing. jr,M.Sc.
+ORG;TYPE="WORK";VALUE="text":Viagenie
+TEL;PREF="1";TYPE="VOICE","WORK";VALUE="uri":tel:+1-418-656-9254;ext=102
+TEL;TYPE="CELL","TEXT","VIDEO","VOICE","WORK";VALUE="uri":tel:+1-418-262-65
+ 01
+TZ;VALUE="text":-0500
+URL;TYPE="HOME";VALUE="uri":http://nomis80.org
+END:VCARD
diff --git a/spec/vobject_spec.rb b/spec/vobject_spec.rb
index dcc2069..d3a7b56 100644
--- a/spec/vobject_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/vobject_spec.rb
@@ -938,6 +938,12 @@ def norm_vcard(ics)
     roundtrip = Vcard.parse(ics, "4.0", true).to_s
     expect(norm_vcard(roundtrip)).to eql(norm_vcard(ics))
   end
+  it "should normalise VCF" do
+    ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/example1.vcf"
+    vobj_json = Vcard.parse(ics, "4.0", true).to_norm
+    ics2 = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/example1.norm.vcf"
+    expect(vobj_json).to eql(ics2)
+  end
 
   it "should parse VCF properly" do
     ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/example2.vcf"
@@ -950,6 +956,12 @@ def norm_vcard(ics)
     roundtrip = Vcard.parse(ics, "4.0", true).to_s
     expect(norm_vcard(roundtrip)).to eql(norm_vcard(ics))
   end
+  it "should normalise VCF" do
+    ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/example2.vcf"
+    vobj_json = Vcard.parse(ics, "4.0", true).to_norm
+    ics2 = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/example2.norm.vcf"
+    expect(vobj_json).to eql(ics2)
+  end
 
   it "should parse VCF with binary photo properly" do
     ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/example3.vcf"
@@ -1018,6 +1030,12 @@ def norm_vcard(ics)
     roundtrip = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_s
     expect(norm_vcard(roundtrip)).to eql(norm_vcard(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n")))
   end
+  it "should normalise VCF that does not reject X-parameters on IMPP in v4" do
+    ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/apple5.vcf"
+    vobj_json = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_norm
+    ics2 = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/apple5.norm.vcf"
+    expect(vobj_json).to eql(ics2)
+  end
 
   it "should process VCF from Apple" do
     ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/ujb.vcf"
@@ -1052,6 +1070,12 @@ def norm_vcard(ics)
     roundtrip = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_s
     expect(norm_vcard(roundtrip)).to eql(norm_vcard(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n")))
   end
+  it "should normalise VCF that does not reject TYPE parameter on X-property in v4" do
+    ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/ujb3.vcf"
+    vobj_json = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_norm
+    ics2 = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/ujb3.norm.vcf"
+    expect(vobj_json).to eql(ics2)
+  end
 
   it "should reject VCF with FN but no N in v3" do
     ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/example51.vcf"
@@ -1098,6 +1122,12 @@ def norm_vcard(ics)
     roundtrip = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_s
     expect(norm_vcard(roundtrip)).to eql(norm_vcard(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n")))
   end
+  it "should normalise VCF v4" do
+    ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/vcard4.vcf"
+    vobj_json = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_norm
+    ics2 = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/vcard4.norm.vcf"
+    expect(vobj_json).to eql(ics2)
+  end
 
   it "should process VCF v4" do
     ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/vcard4author.vcf"
@@ -1110,6 +1140,12 @@ def norm_vcard(ics)
     roundtrip = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_s
     expect(norm_vcard(roundtrip)).to eql(norm_vcard(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n")))
   end
+  it "should normalise VCF v4" do
+    ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/vcard4author.vcf"
+    vobj_json = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_norm
+    ics2 = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/vcard4author.norm.vcf"
+    expect(vobj_json).to eql(ics2)
+  end
 
   it "should process VCF v3" do
     ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/vcard3.vcf"
@@ -1146,6 +1182,12 @@ def norm_vcard(ics)
     roundtrip = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_s
     expect(norm_vcard(roundtrip)).to eql(norm_vcard(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n")))
   end
+  it "should normalise VCF v4" do
+    ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/bubba4.vcf"
+    vobj_json = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_norm
+    ics2 = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/bubba4.norm.vcf"
+    expect(vobj_json).to eql(ics2)
+  end
 
   it "should reject VCF4 with LABEL property" do
     ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/example61.vcf"
@@ -1244,6 +1286,12 @@ def norm_vcard(ics)
     roundtrip = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_s
     expect(norm_vcard(roundtrip)).to eql(norm_vcard(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n")))
   end
+  it "should normalise VCF v4" do
+    ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/fullcontact.vcf"
+    vobj_json = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_norm
+    ics2 = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/fullcontact.norm.vcf"
+    expect(vobj_json).to eql(ics2)
+  end
 
   it "should process GMAIL VCF v3" do
     ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/gmail-single.vcf"
@@ -1309,6 +1357,12 @@ def norm_vcard(ics)
     exp_json = JSON.parse(File.read("spec/examples/vcard/trafalgar.json"))
     expect(vobj_json).to include_json(exp_json)
   end
+  it "should normalise VCF v4" do
+    ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/trafalgar.vcf"
+    vobj_json = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_norm
+    ics2 = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/trafalgar.norm.vcf"
+    expect(vobj_json).to eql(ics2)
+  end
 
   it "should process VCF v4 additions from RFC 6474" do
     ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/rfc6474.1.vcf"
@@ -1321,6 +1375,12 @@ def norm_vcard(ics)
     roundtrip = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_s
     expect(norm_vcard(roundtrip)).to eql(norm_vcard(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n")))
   end
+  it "should normalise VCF v4 additions from RFC 6474" do
+    ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/rfc6474.1.vcf"
+    vobj_json = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_norm
+    ics2 = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/rfc6474.1.norm.vcf"
+    expect(vobj_json).to eql(ics2)
+  end
 
   it "should process VCF v4 additions from RFC 6474" do
     ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/rfc6474.2.vcf"
@@ -1333,6 +1393,12 @@ def norm_vcard(ics)
     roundtrip = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_s
     expect(norm_vcard(roundtrip)).to eql(norm_vcard(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n")))
   end
+  it "should normalise VCF v4 additions from RFC 6474" do
+    ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/rfc6474.2.vcf"
+    vobj_json = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_norm
+    ics2 = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/rfc6474.2.norm.vcf"
+    expect(vobj_json).to eql(ics2)
+  end
 
   it "should process VCF v4 additions from RFC 6474" do
     ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/rfc6474.3.vcf"
@@ -1345,6 +1411,12 @@ def norm_vcard(ics)
     roundtrip = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_s
     expect(norm_vcard(roundtrip)).to eql(norm_vcard(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n")))
   end
+  it "should normalise VCF v4 additions from RFC 6474" do
+    ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/rfc6474.3.vcf"
+    vobj_json = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_norm
+    ics2 = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/rfc6474.3.norm.vcf"
+    expect(vobj_json).to eql(ics2)
+  end
 
   it "should process VCF v4 additions from RFC 6715" do
     ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/rfc6715.1.vcf"
@@ -1357,6 +1429,12 @@ def norm_vcard(ics)
     roundtrip = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_s
     expect(norm_vcard(roundtrip)).to eql(norm_vcard(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n")))
   end
+  it "should normalise VCF v4 additions from RFC 6715" do
+    ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/rfc6715.1.vcf"
+    vobj_json = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_norm
+    ics2 = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/rfc6715.1.norm.vcf"
+    expect(vobj_json).to eql(ics2)
+  end
 
   it "should process VCF v4 additions from RFC 6473" do
     ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/rfc6473.vcf"
@@ -1369,5 +1447,11 @@ def norm_vcard(ics)
     roundtrip = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_s
     expect(norm_vcard(roundtrip)).to eql(norm_vcard(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n")))
   end
+  it "should normalise VCF v4 additions from RFC 6715" do
+    ics = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/rfc6473.vcf"
+    vobj_json = Vcard.parse(ics.gsub(/\r\n?/, "\n"), "4.0", true).to_norm
+    ics2 = File.read "spec/examples/vcard/rfc6473.norm.vcf"
+    expect(vobj_json).to eql(ics2)
+  end
 end
 # rubocop:enable LineLength