Implement from_reader io::Read support

Add from_reader and use Read internally to improve the codegen of deku,
the performance of derived parsers. Internally, this is implemented
using the new src/reader.rs interface in deku parses. This has a waterfall
effect on DekuReader implementations and the deku-derive/deku_read Derived impl.
Previous usage with from_bytes and other API's are unchanged.
There is somewhat of a performance hit for bit-only parses,
but I find the major improvments in the bytes-wise parsing to be great enough
to warrent this change.

The following are some sample benchmarks:
> critcmp before after
group                  after                                  before
-----                  -----                                  ------
deku_read_bits         1.24   845.8±14.29ns        ? ?/sec    1.00   679.5±11.83ns        ? ?/sec
deku_read_byte         1.00     17.8±0.25ns        ? ?/sec    2.12     37.8±3.35ns        ? ?/sec
deku_read_enum         1.00     15.3±0.15ns        ? ?/sec    2.04     31.2±0.81ns        ? ?/sec
deku_read_vec          1.00    676.8±7.04ns        ? ?/sec    2.16  1459.5±40.22ns        ? ?/sec
deku_write_bits        1.00    125.3±3.10ns        ? ?/sec    1.04   130.2±11.12ns        ? ?/sec
deku_write_byte        1.00    161.6±4.86ns        ? ?/sec    1.02    165.0±5.91ns        ? ?/sec
deku_write_enum        1.00    105.6±1.06ns        ? ?/sec    1.03    109.0±7.20ns        ? ?/sec
deku_write_vec         1.00      4.6±0.04µs        ? ?/sec    1.06      4.9±0.07µs        ? ?/sec

The above change removes DekuRead, and replaces it with DekuReader. This contains
the from_reader_with_ctx. DekuContainerRead contains from_reader.

The crate no_std_io was picked to supply a Read impl
for the no_std feature. These are "re-export"ed.

Add "`Read` enabled" docs to lib.rs

Add tests/test_tuple.rs tests

Update CHANGELOG.md to reflect changes and help migration to this usage

Use llvm-cov in ci for the generation of more accurate coverage reports

Update benchmarks to test more complex parser speeds

Disable Miri CI

Update ensure_no_std to work with new Read usage. Remove wee-alloc in favour
of an updated crate for the allocator.

Add inline to small functions

Author: wcampbell0x2a

.github/workflows/coverage.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+name: Coverage
+
+on: [pull_request, push]
+
+jobs:
+  coverage:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Install Rust
+        run: rustup update stable
+      - name: Install cargo-llvm-cov
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-llvm-cov
+      - name: Generate code coverage
+        run: cargo llvm-cov --workspace --codecov --output-path codecov.json
+      - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
+        with:
+          files: codecov.json
+          fail_ci_if_error: true

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -33,30 +33,31 @@ jobs:
           command: test
           args: --all
 
-  test_miri:
-    name: Miri Test
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          toolchain: nightly
-          override: true
-          components: miri
-      - run: cargo miri test
-
-  test_miri_big_endian:
-    name: Miri Test Big Endian
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          toolchain: nightly
-          override: true
-          components: miri
-          target: mips64-unknown-linux-gnuabi64
-      - run: cargo miri test --target mips64-unknown-linux-gnuabi64
+# TODO: Enable Miri
+#  test_miri:
+#    name: Miri Test
+#    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+#    steps:
+#      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+#      - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
+#        with:
+#          toolchain: nightly
+#          override: true
+#          components: miri
+#      - run: cargo miri test
+#
+#  test_miri_big_endian:
+#    name: Miri Test Big Endian
+#    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+#    steps:
+#      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+#      - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
+#        with:
+#          toolchain: nightly
+#          override: true
+#          components: miri
+#          target: armebv7r-none-eabi
+#      - run: cargo miri test --target armebv7r-none-eabi
 
   examples:
     name: Examples
@@ -111,7 +112,8 @@ jobs:
         with:
           toolchain: nightly
           override: true
-      - run: cd ensure_no_std && cargo run --release
+          target: thumbv7em-none-eabihf
+      - run: cd ensure_no_std && cargo build --release --target thumbv7em-none-eabihf
 
   ensure_wasm:
     name: Ensure wasm
@@ -126,20 +128,3 @@ jobs:
         with:
           version: 'latest'
       - run: cd ensure_wasm && wasm-pack build --target web && wasm-pack test --node
-
-  coverage:
-    name: Coverage
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container:
-      image: xd009642/tarpaulin:develop
-      options: --security-opt seccomp=unconfined
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-      - name: Generate code coverage
-        run: |
-          cargo tarpaulin --verbose --all-features --workspace --timeout 120 --out Xml
-
-      - name: Upload to codecov.io
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v1

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,135 @@
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+## Changes
+[#352](https://github.com/sharksforarms/deku/pull/352) added a new function `from_reader` that uses `io::Read`.
+`io::Read` is also now used internally, bringing massive performance and usability improvements.
+
+### New `from_reader`
+```rust
+use std::io::{Seek, SeekFrom, Read};
+use std::fs::File;
+use deku::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Debug, DekuRead, DekuWrite, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Hash)]
+#[deku(endian = "big")]
+struct EcHdr {
+    magic: [u8; 4],
+    version: u8,
+    padding1: [u8; 3],
+}
+
+let mut file = File::options().read(true).open("file").unwrap();
+let ec = EcHdr::from_reader((&mut file, 0)).unwrap();
+```
+
+- The more internal (with context) `read(..)` was replaced with `from_reader_with_ctx(..)`.
+With the switch to internal streaming, the variables `deku::input`, `deku::input_bits`, and `deku::rest` are now not possible and were removed.
+`deku::reader` is a replacement for some of the functionality.
+See [examples/deku_input.rs](examples/deku_input.rs) for a new example of caching all reads.
+
+old:
+```rust
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, DekuRead, DekuWrite)]
+struct DekuTest {
+    field_a: u8,
+
+    #[deku(
+        reader = "bit_flipper_read(*field_a, deku::rest, BitSize(8))",
+    )]
+    field_b: u8,
+}
+
+fn custom_read(
+    field_a: u8,
+    rest: &BitSlice<u8, Msb0>,
+    bit_size: BitSize,
+) -> Result<(&BitSlice<u8, Msb0>, u8), DekuError> {
+
+    // read field_b, calling original func
+    let (rest, value) = u8::read(rest, bit_size)?;
+
+    Ok((rest, value))
+}
+```
+
+new:
+```rust
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, DekuRead, DekuWrite)]
+struct DekuTest {
+    field_a: u8,
+
+    #[deku(
+        reader = "bit_flipper_read(*field_a, deku::reader, BitSize(8))",
+    )]
+    field_b: u8,
+}
+
+fn custom_read<R: std::io::Read>(
+    field_a: u8,
+    reader: &mut Reader<R>,
+    bit_size: BitSize,
+) -> Result<u8, DekuError> {
+
+    // read field_b, calling original func
+    let value = u8::from_reader_with_ctx(reader, bit_size)?;
+
+    Ok(value)
+}
+```
+
+- With the addition of using `Read`, containing a byte slice with a reference is not supported:
+
+old
+```rust
+#[derive(PartialEq, Debug, DekuRead, DekuWrite)]
+struct TestStruct<'a> {
+    bytes: u8,
+
+    #[deku(bytes_read = "bytes")]
+    data: &'a [u8],
+}
+```
+
+new
+```rust
+#[derive(PartialEq, Debug, DekuRead, DekuWrite)]
+struct TestStruct {
+    bytes: u8,
+
+    #[deku(bytes_read = "bytes")]
+    data: Vec<u8>,
+}
+```
+
+- `id_pat` is now required to be the same type as stored id.
+This also disallows using tuples for storing the id:
+
+old:
+```rust
+#[derive(PartialEq, Debug, DekuRead, DekuWrite)]
+#[deku(type = "u8")]
+enum DekuTest {
+    #[deku(id_pat = "_")]
+    VariantC((u8, u8)),
+}
+```
+
+new:
+```rust
+#[derive(PartialEq, Debug, DekuRead, DekuWrite)]
+#[deku(type = "u8")]
+enum DekuTest {
+    #[deku(id_pat = "_")]
+    VariantC {
+        id: u8,
+        other: u8,
+    },
+}
+```
+
+- The feature `const_generics` was removed and is enabled by default.
+
 ## [0.16.0] - 2023-02-28
 
 ### Changes

Cargo.toml

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ keywords = ["deku", "bits", "serialization", "deserialization", "struct"]
 categories = ["encoding", "parsing", "no-std"]
 description = "bit level serialization/deserialization proc-macro for structs"
 readme = "README.md"
+rust-version = "1.65.0"
 
 [lib]
 bench = false
@@ -19,16 +20,16 @@ members = [
 ]
 
 [features]
-default = ["std", "const_generics"]
-std = ["deku_derive/std", "bitvec/std", "alloc"]
+default = ["std"]
+std = ["deku_derive/std", "bitvec/std", "alloc", "no_std_io/std"]
 alloc = ["bitvec/alloc"]
 logging = ["deku_derive/logging", "log"]
-const_generics = []
 
 [dependencies]
 deku_derive = { version = "^0.16.0", path = "deku-derive", default-features = false}
 bitvec = { version = "1.0.1", default-features = false }
 log = { version = "0.4.17", optional = true }
+no_std_io = { version = "0.5.0", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 rstest = "0.16.0"