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<html>
<head>
<!---
Prepared by Barry Conn, November 1996;
Modified by Barry Conn, 12 May 1998
Modified by Ricardo Pereira, 11 May 2007
--->
<title>HISPID 3 - The Full Document</title>
<meta NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Microsoft FrontPage 3.0">
<body bgcolor="#ffffff">
<p align="center"><b><font face="Calisto MT" size="7" color="#008000">HISPID3</font><font SIZE="6"><br>
</font></b></p>
<p align="center"><b><font face="Calisto MT" size="3" color="#008000">Herbarium
Information Standards and Protocols for Interchange of Data<br>
</font></b></p>
<p align="center"><font face="Calisto MT" size="3" color="#008000"><b>Version 3<br>
</b></font></p>
<p align="center"><font face="Calisto MT" size="3" color="#008000"><b>Editor</b> <br>
<b>Barry J. Conn</font><br>
<br>
</b></p>
<p align="center"><b>Internet URL</b><br>
<a href="http://www.tdwg.org/standards/110/">http://www.tdwg.org/standards/110/</a><font SIZE="2"> <br>
</font></p>
<p align="center"><font SIZE="2">� Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria <br>
<br>
</font></p>
<p align="center"><b>Previous Versions of HISPID</b> </p>
<p><b><font SIZE="1">Version 1:</font></b> </p>
<p><font SIZE="1">Croft, J.R. (ed.) (1989). HISPID - Herbarium Information Standards and
Protocols for Interchange of Data (Australian National Botanic Gardens: Canberra).<br>
</font></p>
<p><b><font SIZE="1">Version 2:</font></b> </p>
<p><font SIZE="1">Whalen, A. (ed.) (1993). HISPID - Herbarium Information Standards and
Protocols for Interchange of Data (National Herbarium of New South Wales: Sydney).<br>
<br>
<br>
</font>
<menu>
<li><font SIZE="1">As with all previous versions of HISPID, the preparation of the HISPID3
interchange standard is being coordinated by a committee of representatives from all major
Australian herbaria. Since 1995, the development of this standard has been coordinated by
the 'Herbarium Information Systems Committee' (HISCOM) (refer Internet URL
http://www.rbgsyd.gov.au/HISCOM).</font> </li>
</menu>
<p align="center"><b>TABLE OF CONTENTS<br>
</b></p>
<table border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998600">INTRODUCTION</a></td>
<td width="1%">5</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998626">RECORD IDENTIFICATION GROUP </a></td>
<td width="8%">29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998601">Format of HISPID3</a></td>
<td width="1%">5</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998627">'Full' Scientific Name </a></td>
<td width="8%">29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998602">Definitions</a></td>
<td width="1%">6</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998628">'Limited' Scientific Name </a></td>
<td width="8%">29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998603">Italics</a></td>
<td width="1%">6</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998629">Hybrids, Intergrades </a></td>
<td width="8%">29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998604">Nulls</a></td>
<td width="1%">7</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998630">Vernacular Names </a></td>
<td width="8%">30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998605">Single character fields</a></td>
<td width="1%">7</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998631">Higher Group Names </a></td>
<td width="8%">30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998606">Codes</a></td>
<td width="1%">7</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998632">Plant Name Authorities </a></td>
<td width="8%">30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998607">Relevant Standards</a></td>
<td width="1%">7</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998633">Other Comments </a></td>
<td width="8%">30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998608">Summary of the important features of a HISPID3
file</a></td>
<td width="1%">8</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998634">HYBRIDS, GRAFTS, CHIMAERA AND INTERGRADES </a></td>
<td width="8%">32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998609">Example of the start and end of a HISPID3 file</a></td>
<td width="1%">8</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998635">CULTIVATED PLANT NAMES </a></td>
<td width="8%">45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998610">An example of a filled HISPID3 interchange file</a></td>
<td width="1%">9</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998636">TYPIFICATION GROUP </a></td>
<td width="8%">50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998611">FORMAT OF THE TEXT IN THIS DESCRIPTION OF A
HISPID3 FILE</a></td>
<td width="1%">11</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998637">VERIFICATION GROUP</a></td>
<td width="8%">55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998612">The full field name</a></td>
<td width="1%">11</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998638">Identification Qualifiers </a></td>
<td width="8%">55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998613">The transfer identifier code</a></td>
<td width="1%">11</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998639">LOCATION GROUP </a></td>
<td width="8%">63</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998614">TDWG Short name</a></td>
<td width="1%">11</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998640">Subsequent Location Fields </a></td>
<td width="8%">63</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998615">The field description</a></td>
<td width="1%">11</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc363917741">Geocode Information </a></td>
<td width="8%">63</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998616">Relevant standards</a></td>
<td width="1%">11</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998642">Spatial Data Interchange </a></td>
<td width="8%">64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998617">Domain/Range/Values</a></td>
<td width="1%">11</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998643">HABITAT GROUP </a></td>
<td width="8%">79</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998618">Comments</a></td>
<td width="1%">11</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998644">COLLECTION GROUP </a></td>
<td width="8%">85</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998619">Rules</a></td>
<td width="1%">11</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998645">Subsequent Collection Fields </a></td>
<td width="8%">85</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998620">Notes</a></td>
<td width="1%">11</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998646">KIND OF COLLECTION, ADDITIONAL COMPONENTS and
VOUCHER COLLECTIONS</a> </td>
<td width="8%">93</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998621">FILE IDENTIFICATION FIELDS</a></td>
<td width="1%">13</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998647">ADDITIONAL DATA GROUP </a></td>
<td width="8%">103</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998622">FILE IDENTIFIER GROUP</a></td>
<td width="1%">13</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998648">LOAN GROUP </a></td>
<td width="8%">111</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998623">ACCESSION INFORMATION Fields</a></td>
<td width="1%">21</td>
<td width="65%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998649">DATA ENTRY AND EDIT GROUP </a></td>
<td width="8%">117</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="62%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998624">ACCESSION IDENTIFIER GROUP</a></td>
<td width="10%">21</td>
<td width="65%">INDEX</td>
<td width="8%">121</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="62%"><a href="h3.html#_Toc366998625">BASIS OF RECORD GROUP </a></td>
<td width="10%">25</td>
<td width="65%"></td>
<td width="8%"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>: </p>
<h1><a NAME="_Toc366998600">INTRODUCTION</a><br>
</h1>
<p><font SIZE="2">The 'Herbarium Information Standards and Protocols for Interchange of
Data' (HISPID) is a standard format for the interchange of electronic herbarium specimen
information. HISPID has been developed by a committee of representatives from all major
Australian herbaria. This interchange standard was first published in 1989, with a revised
version published in 1993.<br>
</font></p>
<p><font SIZE="2">HISPID3 is an accession-based interchange standard. Although many fields
refer to attributes of the taxon they should be construed as applying to the specimen
represented by the record, not to the taxon <i>per se</i>. The interchange of taxonomic,
nomenclatural, bibliographic, typification, rare and endangered plant conservation, and
other related information is not dealt with in this standard, unless it specifically
refers to a particular accession (record).<br>
</font></p>
<p><font SIZE="2">This data dictionary is concerned primarily with data interchange
standards but has considerable relevance to database structure since the task of preparing
interchange files is simplified if the data fields of the despatching and receiving
databases match, as far as possible, the interchange standard. If differences do exist
then, generally, it is easier to combine data fields than it is to dissect them in a
reliable manner. Fields that are concatenated are frequently heterogeneous in their nature
and many preclude the possibility of rearranging the data contained within such fields.<br>
</font></p>
<p><font SIZE="2">The fields discussed in this data dictionary cover most of the herbarium
and botanic gardens sphere of activity and have been arranged in groups of similar types
of information. In many cases these groups may coincide with separate well�defined tables
(or databases) of structurally similar records.<br>
</font></p>
<p><font SIZE="2">The challenge for herbarium data managers is to decide whether the data
are to be efficiently exchanged as discrete but related tables (databases) or as a larger
single flat file that may have to be appropriately dismembered by the receiving
institution. Some database packages are able to stack multiple values in a single field.
This useful data structure complicates the interchange format and will not be used at this
stage.<br>
</font></p>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998601">Format of HISPID3</a> </h2>
<p><font SIZE="2">The 'Herbarium Information Systems Committee' (HISCOM) considered
several format options for HISPID3. It was agreed that the interchange format of HISPID3
would be a flat�file. This flat�file format was chosen because it was relatively simple
and required minimal computer programming to enable the importing and exporting of data.
Furthermore, this format was in agreement with that chosen for the 'International Transfer
Format for Botanic Garden Plant Records (Version 2.00)(ITF2). Although, it was recognised
that it was difficult to transfer relational (hierarchical) data in flat�file formats, it
was decided to proceed with the publication of this version of HISPID so that electronic
data interchange could be actively encouraged. It is hoped that future versions of HISPID
will include the capability of transferring data such that the relational structure is
maintained. <br>
</font></p>
<p><font SIZE="2">There have been several major changes incorporated into this version of
the HISPID transfer format, namely: <br>
</font></p>
<p><font SIZE="2">(1) HISPID3 allows for the interchange of variable length fields. It is
no longer restricted to a fixed length format.</font> </p>
<p><font SIZE="2">(2) HISPID3 allows missing data to be omitted from the transfer file</font>
</p>
<p><font SIZE="2">(3) HISPID3 provides a protocol for interchanging (non-standard) data
that are either not defined within this document or are in a form different to that define
here.</font> </p>
<p><font SIZE="2">(4) Apart from a few exceptions, HISPID3 does not evaluate the relevance
of interchanging any of the specific fields described in this document</font> </p>
<p><font SIZE="2">(5) The references to how data are stored in the major Australian
herbarium databases has been deleted from this document</font> </p>
<p><font SIZE="2">(6) HISPID3 has been developed in conjunction with ITF2 (International
Transfer Format for Botanic Gardens Plant Records version 2.00) so that the two
interchange standards are as compatible as possible.<br>
</font></p>
<p><font SIZE="2">The transfer format of HISPID3 is based on 'Information technology -
Open Systems Interconnection - Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) '.
International Standard ISO/IEC 8824, 2nd ed. (1990)(ISO/IEC: Gen�ve). <br>
</font></p>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998602">Definitions</a><font SIZE="2"> <br>
</font></h2>
<ul>
<li><font SIZE="2">A <b>HISPID3 file</b> is the total contents of the information
transferred. Each file begins with the file identifier '<b>startfile</b>' and ends with
the file identifier<b> 'endfile</b>' . Additional<b> </b>file header information is
provided before any of the record data.</font> </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><font SIZE="2">A <b>HISPID3 Record </b>includes all data associated with a single <b>Accession
Identifier</b> included in the overall file. Each record begins with the opened brace
character '<b>{</b>' and ends with the closed brace character '}'<b>.</b></font> </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><font SIZE="2">A <b>HISPID3 field</b> is the basic unit of information. The data of any
record are grouped into several separate fields of information. Each field is prefaced by
a unique field identifier. If the information pertaining to a certain field is to be
interchanged, then the appropriate unique field identifier must be interchanged with this
information. Each field is one line long and is always terminated by a comma (<b>,</b>).
The data within alphanumeric (text) fields are enclosed (delimited) by double quotation
marks ("), whereas numeric fields are <i>not </i>enclosed by double quotation marks.
Fields are either 'required' for transfer in a HISPID3 Record (in which case a HISPID3
record is incomplete if one of these fields are excluded) or are 'optional'. For example,
the '<b>Institution Code'</b> field and the '<b>Accession Identifier'</b> are <i>always</i>
required in any valid HISPID3 record.</font> </li>
</ul>
<p><font SIZE="2">As far as practicable, raw data should be used. Interpretations or
corrections in free text fields should be enclosed in square brackets: '[' and ']'.
Omitted data should be represented by the ellipsis: '...'.<br>
</font></p>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998603">Italics</a><font SIZE="4">:</font><font SIZE="5"> </font></h2>
<p><font SIZE="2">Since the printable ASCII (EBDIC or UNICODE) character set does not
include <i>italicised</i> characters, these are not included in the interchange file.<br>
</font></p>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998604">Nulls:</a> </h2>
<p><font SIZE="2">If information is not known for a field, then the field need not be
included in the interchange file or else the field identifier may be interchanged
unfilled. However, if the value of the <b>Collector's Identifier</b> field is unknown,
then the default value should be 's.n.'.<br>
</font></p>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998605">Single character fields</a><font SIZE="4">:</font><font SIZE="5"> </font></h2>
<p><font SIZE="2">In general, single character (flag) fields have not been included in
this standard because of the difficulty of detecting data entry errors.<br>
</font></p>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998606">Codes</a><font SIZE="4">:</font><font SIZE="5"> </font></h2>
<p><font SIZE="2">As for the 'single character' fields (above), codes are mostly not
included in this standard because of the difficulty of detecting data entry errors.<br>
</font></p>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998607">Relevant Standards</a><font SIZE="2"> </font></h2>
<p><font SIZE="2">The fields included in this interchange standard are a compilation from
the following sources: <br>
</font></p>
<p>ABIS <font SIZE="2">Australian Biotaxonomic/Biogeographic Information System</font> </p>
<p>(Australian Biological Resources Study � ABRS)<font SIZE="2"> <br>
</font></p>
<p><font SIZE="2">ICBN International Code of Botanical Nomenclature</font> </p>
<p>(International Association of Plant Taxonomists � IAPT)<br>
</p>
<p>ITF<font SIZE="2"> International Transfer Format for Botanic Gardens Plant Records <br>
</font></p>
<p><font SIZE="2">ITFBGPR (Botanic Gardens Conservation International � BGCI) <br>
</font></p>
<p>ITRF International Earth Rotation Service Terrestrial Reference Frame <br>
</p>
<p>MFN<font SIZE="2"> Minimal Functional Nomenclator, also known as:</font> </p>
<p>DSTI<font SIZE="2"> Database Standards for Taxonomic Information</font> </p>
<p>(Taxonomic Database Working Group � TDWG)<br>
</p>
<p>PECS <font SIZE="2">Plant Existence and Categorisation Scheme, also known as:</font> </p>
<p>POSS <font SIZE="2">Plant Occurrence and Status Scheme</font> </p>
<p>(World Conservation Monitoring Centre � WCMC Threatened Plants Unit - TPU<font SIZE="2">) <br>
</font></p>
<p>SDTS Spatial Data Transfer Standard<br>
</p>
<p><font SIZE="2">TDWG Taxonomic Database Working Group<br>
</font></p>
<p>TLR<font SIZE="2"> Type and Lectotypification Registers</font> </p>
<p>(Taxonomic Database Working Group � TDWG)<br>
</p>
<p>WGSUB<font SIZE="2"> World Geographical System for Use in Botany</font> </p>
<p>(Taxonomic Database Working Group � TDWG)<br>
</p>
<p>XDF<font SIZE="2"> Language for the Definition and Exchange of Biological Data Sets </font></p>
<p><font SIZE="2">(Taxonomic Database Working Group � TDWG)<br>
</font></p>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998608">Summary of the important features of a HISPID3 file</a><font SIZE="2">: <br>
</font></h2>
<p><font SIZE="2"><b>a) Each field is prefaced by an unique identifier</b> <b>this refers
to the fields which describe the contents of the file, as well as to those which describe
the information contained in each record);</b></font> </p>
<p><b><font SIZE="2">b) Each unique identifier must begin with a lowercase letter (a-z)
and cannot contain any spaces;</font></b> </p>
<p><b><font SIZE="2">c) A transfer file begins with the file identifier 'startfile';</font></b>
<ol>
<li><b><font SIZE="2">Each record begins with the opened brace character '{';</font></b> </li>
<li><b><font SIZE="2">Each record ends with the closed brace character '}';</font></b> </li>
</ol>
<p><b><font SIZE="2">f) Variable length fields are allowed;</font></b> </p>
<p><b><font SIZE="2">g) Fields can be omitted from the transfer file if there is no
information available for that field;</font></b> </p>
<p><b><font SIZE="2">h) Alphanumeric data are enclosed by double quotation marks (");</font></b>
</p>
<p><b><font SIZE="2">i) Numeric data are not enclosed by double quotation marks;</font></b>
</p>
<p><b><font SIZE="2">j) Each field and each file information is one line long and is
terminated by a comma (,);</font></b> </p>
<p><b><font SIZE="2">k) Each transfer file ends with the file identifier 'endfile'. <br>
<br>
</font></b></p>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998609">Example of the start and end of a HISPID3</a> file<font SIZE="2">: <br>
</font></h2>
<table>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">startfile</font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">version </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">HISPID version</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">numrecords </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">number of records in this file</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">datefile </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">date to which the file refers</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">institute </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">full name of institution supplying information</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">contact </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">contact name</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">address </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">postal address</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">phone </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">telephone number</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">fax </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">fax number</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">email </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">email address</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">nonstandard </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">optional field to describe any non-standard fields added to
the HISPID3 transfer file</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">fileaction </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">descriptor flag indicating how records of file should be
processed</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">filedescriptor </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">descriptor flag indicating the nature of the records
included in file</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">content </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">contents of the file and other comments</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">{ </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">start of a record</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">insid </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">the standard 'Index Herbariorum' code for the herbarium to
which the plant record refers</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">accid </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">accession number</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">...</font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">...</font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">|</font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">|</font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">...</font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">} </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">end of record</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">{ </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">start of next record</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">insid</font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">accid</font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">...</font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">|</font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">|</font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">...</font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">} </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">end of next record</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">endfile </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">end of file</font> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998610">An example of a filled HISPID3 interchange file</a><font SIZE="2"> <br>
</font></h2>
<table>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">startfile</font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">version </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">"HISPID3",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">numrec </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">2,</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">datefile </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">19951202,</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">institute </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">"National Herbarium of New South Wales (NSW)",</font>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">contact </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">"Gary Chapple",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">address </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">"Royal Botanic Gardens, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney
NSW 2000, Australia",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">phone </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">612 92318164,</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">fax </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">612 92517231,</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">email </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">"gary@rbgsyd.gov.au",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">fileaction </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">"insert",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">filedescriptor </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">"exchange",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">content </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="2">"Herbarium exchange data of various species from NSW
to CANB",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">{</font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">insid </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"NSW",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">accid </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"390839",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">fam </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"Loranthaceae",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">gen </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"Amyema",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">sp </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"pendulum",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">isprk </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"subsp.",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">isp </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"longifolium",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">vnam </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"Wiecek, B.M.",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">vdat </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">1995,</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">prot </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"Wild",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">cou </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"AUSTRALIA",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">pru </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"NSW",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">sru </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"Central W. Slopes",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">loc </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"Mount Bolton, Moura",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">latdeg </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">33,</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">latmin </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">15,</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">latdir </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"S",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">londeg </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">148,</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">lonmin </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">24,</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">londir </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"E",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">cnam </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"Baeuerlen, W.",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">cdat </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">190103,</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">hab </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"On Eucalyptus macrorrhyncha.",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">misc </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"Donated by Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences,
1979.",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">}</font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">{</font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">insid </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"NSW",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">accid </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"248836",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">fam </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"Asclepiadaceae",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">gen </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"Cynanchum",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">sp </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"pedunculatum",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">vnam </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"Hill, K.D.",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">vdat </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">1992,</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">prot </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"Wild",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">cou </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"AUSTRALIA",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">pru </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"WA",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">sru </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"Fortescue",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">loc </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"Mount Lois.",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">alt </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">800,</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">latdeg </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">22,</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">latmin </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">06,</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">latdir </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"S",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">londeg </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">117,</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">lonmin </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">44,</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">londir </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"E",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">geoacy </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">0.05,</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">hab </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"Summit of mountain. Red loam derived from iron-rich
shale.",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">cnam </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"Wilson, Peter G.",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">cid </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"1031",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">cnam2 </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"Rowe, R.",</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">cdat </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">19910911,</font> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">cnot </font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"><font SIZE="1">"Rare. Scrambler. Flowers white; fruit green.",</font>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="1">}</font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td WIDTH="121"><font SIZE="2">endfile</font></td>
<td WIDTH="470"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<h1><a NAME="_Toc366998611"><font SIZE="5">FORMAT OF THE TEXT IN THIS DESCRIPTION OF A
HISPID3 FILE</font></a><font SIZE="1"> <br>
</font></h1>
<p><font SIZE="2">The herbarium data fields for information interchange are listed below
in the following format:<br>
</font></p>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998612">The full field name:</a> </h2>
<p><font SIZE="2">The name of the discrete piece of information within the file or within
each record.<br>
</font></p>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998613">The transfer identifier code<font SIZE="2">:</a> </font></h2>
<p><font SIZE="2">The standard codes used as file or field identifiers in the transfer
file.<br>
</font></p>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998614">TDWG Short name:</a> </h2>
<p><font SIZE="2">A short, meaningful�sounding single�word name for the field, proposed
by TDWG.<br>
</font></p>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998615">The field description:</a> </h2>
<p><font SIZE="2">A general elaboration of the field name.<br>
</font></p>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998616">Relevant standards:</a> </h2>
<p><font SIZE="2">The existence of this type of data in any other published or proposed
biological standards. <br>
</font></p>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998617">Domain/Range/Values:</a> </h2>
<p><font SIZE="2">The type of data allowed in this field, the range of values, or
individual allowable values, and capitalisation. <br>
</font></p>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998618">Comments:</a> </h2>
<p><font SIZE="2">Any other remarks on the use or application of these data and its
relationships to other data. Any conflicts or problems in the application of these data
types.<br>
</font></p>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998619">Rules:</a> </h2>
<p><font SIZE="2">Additional information to that provided in <i>Comments</i> explaining
the rules applying to these data.<br>
</font></p>
<h2><a NAME="_Toc366998620">Notes:</a> </h2>
<p><font SIZE="2">Additional comments to those provided in <i>Comments</i> and <i>Rules</i>.<br>
</font></p>
<h1><a NAME="_Toc366998621"><font SIZE="5">FILE IDENTIFICATION FIELDS</font></a><font SIZE="6"> <br>
</font></h1>
<h3><a NAME="_Toc366998622">FILE IDENTIFIER GROUP:</a><br>
</h3>
<p>This group of fields provides information about the file. These fields are required so
that the receiving institution knows what to do with the incoming data.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</p>
<hr>
<h4><font SIZE="2">Start of HISPID3 File</font> </h4>
<h6><font SIZE="2">Transfer code: </font><font SIZE="4">startfile <br>
</font></h6>
<p><font SIZE="2"><i>Description</i>: The beginning of the transfer file has the file
identifier 'startfile' only. <br>
</font></p>
<p><font SIZE="2"><i>Domain/Range/Values</i>: This field has the value 'startfile' only
(all in lowercase). <br>
<br>
</font></p>
<hr>
<h4><font SIZE="2"><a NAME="_Toc363917592">End of HISPID3</a> File</font> </h4>
<h6><font SIZE="2">Transfer code: </font><font SIZE="4">endfile <br>
</font></h6>
<p><font SIZE="2"><i>Description</i>: The end of the transfer file has the file identifier
'endfile' only.<br>
</font></p>
<p><font SIZE="2"><i>Domain/Range/Values</i>: This field has the value 'endfile' only (all
in lowercase).<br>
</font></p>
<p><font SIZE="2"><i>Comments</i>: To be found at the very end of a HISPID3 file