diff --git a/e2e/cases/externals/node/rslib.config.ts b/e2e/cases/externals/node/rslib.config.ts
index eb27eb423..1adc696cf 100644
--- a/e2e/cases/externals/node/rslib.config.ts
+++ b/e2e/cases/externals/node/rslib.config.ts
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ import { generateBundleCjsConfig, generateBundleEsmConfig } from '#shared';
 
 export default defineConfig({
   lib: [
-    generateBundleEsmConfig(__dirname, { platform: 'node' }),
-    generateBundleCjsConfig(__dirname, { platform: 'node' }),
+    generateBundleEsmConfig(__dirname, { output: { target: 'node' } }),
+    generateBundleCjsConfig(__dirname, { output: { target: 'node' } }),
   ],
   source: {
     entry: {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/config.ts b/packages/core/src/config.ts
index 1cf200d24..2b3e1d2f1 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/config.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/config.ts
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ import { DEFAULT_CONFIG_NAME, DEFAULT_EXTENSIONS } from './constant';
 import type {
   Format,
   LibConfig,
-  Platform,
   RslibConfig,
   RslibConfigAsyncFn,
   RslibConfigExport,
   RslibConfigSyncFn,
+  Syntax,
 } from './types/config';
 import { getDefaultExtension } from './utils/extension';
 import { color } from './utils/helper';
@@ -155,27 +155,6 @@ const getDefaultFormatConfig = (format: Format): RsbuildConfig => {
   }
 };
 
-const getDefaultPlatformConfig = (platform: Platform): RsbuildConfig => {
-  switch (platform) {
-    case 'browser':
-      return {};
-    case 'node':
-      return {
-        output: {
-          // When output.target is 'node', Node.js's built-in will be treated as externals of type `node-commonjs`.
-          // Simply override the built-in modules to make them external.
-          // https://github.com/webpack/webpack/blob/dd44b206a9c50f4b4cb4d134e1a0bd0387b159a3/lib/node/NodeTargetPlugin.js#L81
-          externals: nodeBuiltInModules,
-          target: 'node',
-        },
-      };
-    case 'neutral':
-      return {};
-    default:
-      throw new Error(`Unsupported platform: ${platform}`);
-  }
-};
-
 const getDefaultAutoExtensionConfig = (
   format: Format,
   root: string,
@@ -196,33 +175,77 @@ const getDefaultAutoExtensionConfig = (
   };
 };
 
-export function convertLibConfigToRsbuildConfig(
+export function convertLibConfigToRsbuildConfig_legacy(
   libConfig: LibConfig,
   rsbuildConfig: RsbuildConfig,
 ): RsbuildConfig {
-  const { format, platform = 'browser', autoExtension = false } = libConfig;
+  const { format, autoExtension = false } = libConfig;
 
   const formatConfig = getDefaultFormatConfig(format!);
-  const platformConfig = getDefaultPlatformConfig(platform);
   const autoExtensionConfig = getDefaultAutoExtensionConfig(
     format!,
     dirname(rsbuildConfig._privateMeta?.configFilePath ?? process.cwd()),
     autoExtension,
   );
 
-  return mergeRsbuildConfig(
-    rsbuildConfig,
-    formatConfig,
-    platformConfig,
-    autoExtensionConfig,
+  return mergeRsbuildConfig(rsbuildConfig, formatConfig, autoExtensionConfig);
+}
+
+const getDefaultSyntax = (_syntax?: Syntax): RsbuildConfig => {
+  return {};
+};
+
+export function convertLibConfigToRsbuildConfig(
+  libConfig: LibConfig,
+  configPath: string,
+): RsbuildConfig {
+  const { format, autoExtension = false } = libConfig;
+
+  const formatConfig = getDefaultFormatConfig(format!);
+  const autoExtensionConfig = getDefaultAutoExtensionConfig(
+    format!,
+    dirname(configPath),
+    autoExtension,
+  );
+  const syntaxConfig = getDefaultSyntax(libConfig.output?.syntax);
+
+  return mergeRsbuildConfig(formatConfig, autoExtensionConfig, syntaxConfig);
+}
+
+function postUpdateRsbuildConfig(rsbuildConfig: RsbuildConfig) {
+  const defaultTargetConfig = getDefaultTargetConfig(
+    rsbuildConfig.output?.target ?? 'web',
   );
+
+  return mergeRsbuildConfig(defaultTargetConfig);
 }
 
+const getDefaultTargetConfig = (target: string): RsbuildConfig => {
+  switch (target) {
+    case 'web':
+      return {};
+    case 'node':
+      return {
+        output: {
+          // When output.target is 'node', Node.js's built-in will be treated as externals of type `node-commonjs`.
+          // Simply override the built-in modules to make them external.
+          // https://github.com/webpack/webpack/blob/dd44b206a9c50f4b4cb4d134e1a0bd0387b159a3/lib/node/NodeTargetPlugin.js#L81
+          externals: nodeBuiltInModules,
+          target: 'node',
+        },
+      };
+    case 'neutral':
+      return {};
+    default:
+      throw new Error(`Unsupported platform: ${target}`);
+  }
+};
+
 export async function composeCreateRsbuildConfig(
   rslibConfig: RslibConfig,
 ): Promise<Partial<Record<Format, RsbuildConfig>>> {
   const internalRsbuildConfig = await createInternalRsbuildConfig();
-
+  const configPath = rslibConfig._privateMeta?.configFilePath ?? process.cwd();
   const { lib: libConfigsArray, ...sharedRsbuildConfig } = rslibConfig;
 
   if (!libConfigsArray) {
@@ -234,19 +257,29 @@ export async function composeCreateRsbuildConfig(
   const composedRsbuildConfig: Partial<Record<Format, RsbuildConfig>> = {};
 
   for (const libConfig of libConfigsArray) {
-    const { format, platform, ...overrideRsbuildConfig } = libConfig;
+    const { format, ...overrideRsbuildConfig } = libConfig;
+
+    const libConvertedRsbuildConfig = convertLibConfigToRsbuildConfig(
+      libConfig,
+      configPath,
+    );
 
-    // Merge order matters, keep `internalRsbuildConfig` at the last position
-    // to ensure that the internal config is not overridden by the user's config.
     const mergedRsbuildConfig = mergeRsbuildConfig(
       sharedRsbuildConfig,
       overrideRsbuildConfig,
-      internalRsbuildConfig,
+      libConvertedRsbuildConfig,
     );
 
-    composedRsbuildConfig[format!] = convertLibConfigToRsbuildConfig(
-      libConfig,
+    // Some configurations can be defined both in the shared config and the lib config.
+    // So we need to do the post process after lib config is converted and merged.
+    const postUpdatedConfig = postUpdateRsbuildConfig(mergedRsbuildConfig);
+
+    composedRsbuildConfig[format!] = mergeRsbuildConfig(
       mergedRsbuildConfig,
+      postUpdatedConfig,
+      // Merge order matters, keep `internalRsbuildConfig` at the last position
+      // to ensure that the internal config is not overridden by user's config.
+      internalRsbuildConfig,
     );
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/types/config/index.ts b/packages/core/src/types/config/index.ts
index b3dad7b31..38ffc1781 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/types/config/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/types/config/index.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,38 @@
 import type { RsbuildConfig } from '@rsbuild/core';
 
 export type Format = 'esm' | 'cjs' | 'umd';
-export type Platform = 'node' | 'browser' | 'neutral';
+
+export type EcmaScriptVersion =
+  | 'esnext'
+  | 'es5'
+  | 'es6'
+  | 'es2015'
+  | 'es2016'
+  | 'es2017'
+  | 'es2018'
+  | 'es2019'
+  | 'es2020'
+  | 'es2021'
+  | 'es2022'
+  | 'es2023'
+  | 'es2024';
+
+export type Syntax =
+  // Use browserslist config file
+  | 'browserslist'
+  // ECMAScript versions as an common used addition to browserslist query
+  | EcmaScriptVersion
+  | EcmaScriptVersion[]
+  // Support inline browserslist query, like defined in package.json
+  | string[];
 
 export interface LibConfig extends RsbuildConfig {
   format?: Format;
-  platform?: Platform;
   autoExtension?: boolean;
+  output?: RsbuildConfig['output'] & {
+    /** Support esX and browserslist query */
+    syntax?: Syntax;
+  };
 }
 
 export interface RslibConfig extends RsbuildConfig {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/utils/browserslist.ts b/packages/core/src/utils/browserslist.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a84928860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/utils/browserslist.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import type { EcmaScriptVersion } from '../types/config';
+
+export const esVersionToBrowserList = (
+  _esVersion: EcmaScriptVersion,
+): string[] => {
+  // TODO: transform esX to browserslist
+  return [];
+};