diff --git a/src/api-wrappers/bluesky.test.ts b/src/api-wrappers/bluesky.test.ts
index 4e71ba1..4903441 100644
--- a/src/api-wrappers/bluesky.test.ts
+++ b/src/api-wrappers/bluesky.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from "vitest";
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from "vitest";
 import { BlueSky } from "./bluesky";
 import { AtpAgent, ComAtprotoServerCreateSession } from "@atproto/api";
 import { mockEnv } from "../../tests/fixtures/env";
+import { RateLimitError } from "../errors/rate-limit-error";
 
 type CreateSessionResponse = ComAtprotoServerCreateSession.Response;
 
@@ -103,6 +104,42 @@ describe("BlueSky", () => {
 
       expect(bluesky).toBeInstanceOf(BlueSky);
     });
+
+    it("should handle rate limiting during login", async () => {
+      vi.mocked(mockEnv.BLUESKY_SESSION_STORAGE.get).mockResolvedValueOnce(
+        null,
+      );
+
+      const mockRateLimitError = {
+        error: "RateLimitExceeded",
+        headers: {
+          "ratelimit-limit": "100",
+          "ratelimit-policy": "100;w=86400",
+          "ratelimit-remaining": "0",
+          "ratelimit-reset": "1733077560",
+        },
+      };
+
+      vi.mocked(agent.login).mockRejectedValueOnce(mockRateLimitError);
+
+      const promise = BlueSky.retrieveAgent(mockEnv);
+
+      await expect(promise).rejects.toThrow(RateLimitError);
+      await expect(promise).rejects.toThrow("Rate limited until 1733077560");
+    });
+
+    it("should pass through other errors during login", async () => {
+      vi.mocked(mockEnv.BLUESKY_SESSION_STORAGE.get).mockResolvedValueOnce(
+        null,
+      );
+
+      const originalError = new Error("Some other error");
+      vi.mocked(agent.login).mockRejectedValueOnce(originalError);
+
+      const promise = BlueSky.retrieveAgent(mockEnv);
+
+      await expect(promise).rejects.toThrow(originalError);
+    });
   });
 
   describe("postMessage", () => {
diff --git a/src/api-wrappers/bluesky.ts b/src/api-wrappers/bluesky.ts
index 9c1d121..9baaa5a 100644
--- a/src/api-wrappers/bluesky.ts
+++ b/src/api-wrappers/bluesky.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import {
 } from "@atproto/api";
 
 import { Env } from "../types";
+import { RateLimitError } from "../errors/rate-limit-error";
+import { BlueskyRateLimitExceededError } from "../types/bluesky";
 
 const SESSION_KEY = "session";
 
@@ -28,20 +30,30 @@ export class BlueSky {
   }
 
   static async retrieveAgent(env: Env): Promise<BlueSky> {
-    const bluesky = new BlueSky(env);
+    try {
+      const bluesky = new BlueSky(env);
 
-    const existingSessionData =
-      await env.BLUESKY_SESSION_STORAGE.get(SESSION_KEY);
+      const existingSessionData =
+        await env.BLUESKY_SESSION_STORAGE.get(SESSION_KEY);
 
-    if (existingSessionData) {
-      const sessionData = JSON.parse(existingSessionData);
+      if (existingSessionData) {
+        const sessionData = JSON.parse(existingSessionData);
 
-      await bluesky.agent.resumeSession(sessionData);
-    } else {
-      await bluesky.login(env.BSKY_USERNAME, env.BSKY_PASSWORD);
-    }
+        await bluesky.agent.resumeSession(sessionData);
+      } else {
+        await bluesky.login(env.BSKY_USERNAME, env.BSKY_PASSWORD);
+      }
 
-    return bluesky;
+      return bluesky;
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      if (isRateLimitError(error)) {
+        throw new RateLimitError(
+          `Rate limited until ${error.headers["ratelimit-reset"]}`,
+        );
+      }
+
+      throw error;
+    }
   }
 
   async getProfile(): Promise<
@@ -94,3 +106,15 @@ export class BlueSky {
     });
   }
 }
+
+const isRateLimitError = (
+  error: unknown,
+): error is BlueskyRateLimitExceededError => {
+  return (
+    typeof error === "object" &&
+    error !== null &&
+    "error" in error &&
+    error.error === "RateLimitExceeded" &&
+    "headers" in error
+  );
+};
diff --git a/src/errors/rate-limit-error.ts b/src/errors/rate-limit-error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16010e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/errors/rate-limit-error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+export class RateLimitError extends Error {
+  constructor(message: string) {
+    super(message);
+    this.name = "RateLimitError";
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/types/bluesky.ts b/src/types/bluesky.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6900318
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/types/bluesky.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+export interface BlueskyRateLimitExceededError {
+  name: "RateLimitExceeded";
+  headers: {
+    "ratelimit-limit": string;
+    "ratelimit-policy": string;
+    "ratelimit-remaining": string;
+    "ratelimit-reset": string;
+  };
+  statusText: string;
+}