Added solution.md for Day 1 of TerraWeek: Introduction to Terraform Basics and AWS Setup

day01/solution.md

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+# TerraWeek Day 1
+
+### **Day 1: Introduction to Terraform and Terraform Basics**
+
+#### **What is Terraform, and how can it help you manage Infrastructure as Code?**
+Terraform is an open-source tool by HashiCorp that allows you to define, manage, and provision infrastructure as code (IaC). It uses a declarative configuration language, HCL (HashiCorp Configuration Language), to describe the desired state of infrastructure. By applying these configurations, Terraform ensures that the actual infrastructure matches the desired state.
+
+
+Key benefits of Terraform:
+
+- **Consistency:** The same configurations can be reused across environments (e.g., dev, staging, production).
+- **Version Control:** Infrastructure definitions are stored in source control systems like Git.
+- **Automation:** Removes the need for manual intervention during resource creation.
+- **Cloud-Agnostic:** Supports multiple cloud providers like AWS, Azure, GCP, and even on-prem solutions.
+
+---
+
+#### **Why do we need Terraform, and how does it simplify infrastructure provisioning?**
+1. **Eliminates Manual Effort:** Automates the provisioning, scaling, and configuration of resources.
+2. **Infrastructure as Code:** Maintains infrastructure as code for better tracking, auditing, and collaboration.
+3. **Cross-Cloud Compatibility:** Provides a unified approach to managing multi-cloud and hybrid environments.
+4. **Dependency Management:** Automatically understands and manages dependencies between resources.
+5. **Cost and Time Efficiency:** Reduces operational overhead and human error, enabling rapid infrastructure changes.
+
+---
+
+#### **How Can You Install Terraform and Set Up the Environment for AWS?**
+
+#### **Before You Begin: Create an EC2 Instance for Running Commands**
+
+To execute the following commands in an isolated environment, create an Ubuntu EC2 instance using AWS Management Console:
+
+##### **Launch an EC2 Instance:**
+
+1. Go to the **EC2 Dashboard** on AWS.
+2. Click **Launch Instance**.
+3. Configure:
+    - **Name:** Terraform-Setup
+    - **AMI:** Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS
+    - **Instance Type:** t2.micro (free tier eligible)
+    - **Key Pair:** Create or select an existing key pair.
+    - **Network Settings:** Allow SSH traffic (port 22) from your IP address.
+    - **Storage:** Keep the default 8 GiB or adjust as needed.
+
+##### **Connect to the Instance:**
+
+Use an SSH client or AWS CloudShell to connect:
+
+```bash
+ssh -i "your-key-pair.pem" ubuntu@<EC2-Public-IP>
+```
+
+##### **Update the Instance:**
+
+Run the following commands after connecting:
+
+```bash
+sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
+```
+
+Now proceed with the installation of Terraform and setting up AWS credentials.
+
+
+##### 1. **Install Terraform on Ubuntu:**
+
+To install Terraform on Ubuntu, follow these steps:
+
+- **Add the HashiCorp GPG Key and Repository:**
+
+  ```bash
+  wget -O - https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg
+  echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/hashicorp.list
+  ```
+
+- **Update the Package List and Install Terraform:**
+
+  ```bash
+  sudo apt update && sudo apt install terraform
+  ```
+
+- **Verify Installation:**
+
+  Confirm that Terraform is installed correctly by checking its version:
+
+  ```bash
+  terraform version
+  ```
+
+---
+
+##### 2. **Set Up Terraform for AWS:**
+
+- **Create an IAM User in AWS:**
+
+  - Go to the **IAM Management Console** in AWS.
+  - Create a new IAM user with **programmatic access**.
+  - Attach the necessary policies (e.g., `AdministratorAccess` or policies tailored to your use case).
+  - Note down the **Access Key ID** and **Secret Access Key**.
+
+- **Install the AWS CLI:**
+
+  Install the AWS CLI to configure credentials:
+  ```bash
+  sudo apt update && sudo apt install awscli
+  ```
+
+- **Configure AWS CLI Credentials:**
+
+  Run the following command and enter your IAM user details:
+  ```bash
+  aws configure
+  ```
+
+  Provide:
+  - **Access Key ID**
+  - **Secret Access Key**
+  - **Default region** (e.g., `us-east-1`)
+  - Output format (default: `json`)
+
+
+- **Verify AWS CLI Configuration:**
+
+  Check your AWS CLI configuration:
+  ```bash
+  aws sts get-caller-identity
+  ```
+
+- **Use AWS as a Provider in Terraform:**
+  Add the provider configuration to your Terraform `.tf` file:
+
+    ```hcl
+    terraform {
+      required_providers {
+        aws = {
+          source  = "hashicorp/aws"
+          version = "5.65.0"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    provider "aws" {
+      region = "us-east-1"
+    }
+    ```
+
+With these steps, your environment is ready to manage AWS infrastructure using Terraform.
+
+
+
+#### **Important Terminologies of Terraform**
+
+1. **Provider:**
+
+   - Defines the cloud service (e.g., AWS, Azure) or on-premises platform you are interacting with.
+
+   - Example:
+
+     ```hcl
+     provider "aws" {
+       region = "us-west-2"
+     }
+     ```
+
+2. **Resource:**
+
+   - A fundamental element (e.g., an EC2 instance, an S3 bucket) described in the Terraform configuration.
+
+   - Example:
+
+     ```hcl
+     resource "aws_s3_bucket" "example" {
+       bucket = "example-bucket"
+       tags = {
+            Name = "example-bucket"
+       }
+     }
+     ```
+
+3. **State:**
+
+   - A file that tracks the current state of your infrastructure. It helps Terraform understand the desired state versus the actual state.
+
+   - Example:
+
+     Terraform generates a `terraform.tfstate` file during execution.
+
+
+4. **Module:**
+
+   - A reusable and logical grouping of resources defined in separate files or directories.
+
+   - Example:
+
+     ```hcl
+     module "vpc" {
+       source = "./modules/vpc"
+       cidr   = "10.0.0.0/16"
+     }
+     ```
+
+5. **Data Source:**
+
+   - Allows fetching data from external sources (e.g., the details of an existing AWS AMI).
+
+   - Example:
+     ```hcl
+     data "aws_ami" "ubuntu" {
+       most_recent = true
+       filter {
+         name   = "name"
+         values = ["ubuntu/images/*"]
+       }
+     }
+     ```
+
+These terminologies form the backbone of understanding and working with Terraform effectively!
+
+
+
+Watch this [Reference Video](https://www.youtube.com/live/965CaSveIEI?feature=share)
+