Added solution for Day 5: Implement Terraform Modules with Reusable Infrastructure and Modular Composition" #25
Conversation
WalkthroughThis pull request introduces a comprehensive Terraform module for creating an EC2 instance, focusing on modular infrastructure deployment. The changes include creating a new solution guide for Terraform, defining an EC2 instance resource, and setting up the necessary configuration files. The implementation covers installation instructions, variable definitions, output configurations, and provider setup, enhancing the overall understanding and usability of Terraform for managing infrastructure as code. Changes
Sequence DiagramsequenceDiagram
participant Dev as Developer
participant Terraform as Terraform Module
participant AWS as AWS Cloud
Dev->>Terraform: Define module variables
Dev->>Terraform: Initialize configuration
Terraform->>AWS: Provision EC2 Instance
AWS-->>Terraform: Return Instance Details
Terraform-->>Dev: Output Instance ID, Public IP
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Actionable comments posted: 7
🧹 Nitpick comments (4)
day05/terraform-infra/output.tf (1)
1-3: Add descriptions to output values for better documentation.While the outputs are correctly defined, adding descriptions would improve module documentation and usability.
output "instance_id" { + description = "The ID of the created EC2 instance" value = aws_instance.web_server.id } output "public_ip" { + description = "The public IP address of the EC2 instance" value = aws_instance.web_server.public_ip }Also applies to: 5-7
day05/terraform-infra/variable.tf (1)
11-14: Add validation for instance nameThe
instance_namevariable should include validation for AWS tag naming conventions.variable "instance_name" { description = "Name tag for the EC2 instance" type = string + validation { + condition = length(var.instance_name) <= 128 && can(regex("^[a-zA-Z0-9-_]+$", var.instance_name)) + error_message = "The instance_name must be alphanumeric with hyphens and underscores only, and no longer than 128 characters." + } }day05/solution.md (2)
93-95: Specify least privilege principle for AMI ID referenceThe example shows referencing AMI ID from another module instance, which is good for consistency but should mention security implications.
Add a note about using AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store or Secrets Manager for managing AMI IDs in production environments.
141-144: Update version constraint exampleThe version constraint shown is too specific. Consider showing a range of version constraint options.
- version = "3.0.0" + version = "~> 3.0.0" # Allows only patch updates + # Or use other constraints: + # version = ">= 3.0.0, < 4.0.0" # Allows minor updates + # version = "3.0.0" # Pins to exact version
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day05/images/task2.1.pngis excluded by!**/*.pngday05/images/task2.2.1.pngis excluded by!**/*.pngday05/images/task2.2.2.pngis excluded by!**/*.pngday05/images/task2.3.1.pngis excluded by!**/*.pngday05/images/task2.3.2.pngis excluded by!**/*.pngday05/images/task2.4.pngis excluded by!**/*.pngday05/images/task3.1.pngis excluded by!**/*.png
📒 Files selected for processing (7)
day01/solution.md(1 hunks)day05/main.tf(1 hunks)day05/solution.md(1 hunks)day05/terraform-infra/ec2.tf(1 hunks)day05/terraform-infra/output.tf(1 hunks)day05/terraform-infra/variable.tf(1 hunks)day05/terraform.tf(1 hunks)
✅ Files skipped from review due to trivial changes (1)
- day05/terraform.tf
🧰 Additional context used
🪛 checkov (3.2.334)
day05/terraform-infra/ec2.tf
[HIGH] 1-8: Ensure Instance Metadata Service Version 1 is not enabled
(CKV_AWS_79)
🪛 Markdownlint (0.37.0)
day01/solution.md
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day05/solution.md
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🪛 LanguageTool
day05/solution.md
[uncategorized] ~5-~5: Use a comma before ‘and’ if it connects two independent clauses (unless they are closely connected and short).
Context: ...1: - What are modules in Terraform and why do we need modules in Terraform? ...
(COMMA_COMPOUND_SENTENCE_2)
[style] ~26-~26: The phrase ‘for e.g.’ is an tautology (‘e.g.’ means ‘for example’). Consider using just “e.g.” or “for example”.
Context: ...ation in a modular and scalable manner. For e.g. $\textcolor{yellow}{\textsf{EC2 instanc...
(FOR_EG_REDUNDANCY)
[typographical] ~28-~28: Use a comma after an introductory phrase.
Context: ...{Cloud Storage bucket in GCP}}$. - for this you can use main.tf and `terraform.tf...
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[uncategorized] ~44-~44: Loose punctuation mark.
Context: ...ay05 path) 1. terraform init : Initialize Terraform ![tas...
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Context: ...sk2.1.png) 2. terraform plan : Review the Terraform plan ...
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Context: ... 3. terraform apply --auto-approve : Apply the changes ![task2....
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🔇 Additional comments (1)
day05/main.tf (1)
3-3: Verify AMI ID compatibility and region.
The hardcoded AMI ID ami-0e9085e60087ce171 needs verification:
- Ensure it exists in the target region
- Verify it's the correct OS/version for your needs
| resource "aws_instance" "web_server" { | ||
| ami = var.ami_id | ||
| instance_type = var.instance_type | ||
|
|
||
| tags = { | ||
| Name = var.instance_name | ||
| } | ||
| } |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Address security configurations for EC2 instance.
The EC2 instance configuration is missing several important security settings:
- IMDSv2 should be enforced (current security best practice)
- Security group configuration is missing
- VPC/subnet specification is not defined
- EBS encryption settings are not specified
Apply these security improvements:
resource "aws_instance" "web_server" {
ami = var.ami_id
instance_type = var.instance_type
+ metadata_options {
+ http_tokens = "required" # Enforce IMDSv2
+ }
+ vpc_security_group_ids = [var.security_group_id]
+ subnet_id = var.subnet_id
+ root_block_device {
+ encrypted = true
+ }
tags = {
Name = var.instance_name
}
}Don't forget to add the corresponding variable declarations in your variables.tf file:
variable "security_group_id" {
description = "ID of the security group for the EC2 instance"
type = string
}
variable "subnet_id" {
description = "ID of the subnet where the EC2 instance will be launched"
type = string
}🧰 Tools
🪛 checkov (3.2.334)
[HIGH] 1-8: Ensure Instance Metadata Service Version 1 is not enabled
(CKV_AWS_79)
| module "ec2_instance" { | ||
| source = "./terraform-infra" | ||
| ami_id = "ami-0e9085e60087ce171" | ||
| instance_type = "t2.micro" | ||
| instance_name = "MyWebServer" | ||
| } |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
🛠️ Refactor suggestion
Improve module configuration and add required Terraform blocks.
Several important configurations are missing or could be improved:
- Hardcoded values should be moved to variables
- Provider and Terraform configuration blocks are missing
- Module version constraints should be specified if using remote source
Here's the recommended structure:
+terraform {
+ required_version = ">= 1.0.0"
+ required_providers {
+ aws = {
+ source = "hashicorp/aws"
+ version = "~> 4.0"
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+provider "aws" {
+ region = var.aws_region
+}
+
+variable "aws_region" {
+ description = "AWS region to deploy resources"
+ type = string
+ default = "us-west-2" # adjust as needed
+}
+
+variable "instance_config" {
+ description = "EC2 instance configuration"
+ type = object({
+ ami_id = string
+ instance_type = string
+ name = string
+ })
+ default = {
+ ami_id = "ami-0e9085e60087ce171"
+ instance_type = "t2.micro"
+ name = "MyWebServer"
+ }
+}
+
module "ec2_instance" {
source = "./terraform-infra"
- ami_id = "ami-0e9085e60087ce171"
- instance_type = "t2.micro"
- instance_name = "MyWebServer"
+ ami_id = var.instance_config.ami_id
+ instance_type = var.instance_config.instance_type
+ instance_name = var.instance_config.name
}📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| module "ec2_instance" { | |
| source = "./terraform-infra" | |
| ami_id = "ami-0e9085e60087ce171" | |
| instance_type = "t2.micro" | |
| instance_name = "MyWebServer" | |
| } | |
| terraform { | |
| required_version = ">= 1.0.0" | |
| required_providers { | |
| aws = { | |
| source = "hashicorp/aws" | |
| version = "~> 4.0" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| provider "aws" { | |
| region = var.aws_region | |
| } | |
| variable "aws_region" { | |
| description = "AWS region to deploy resources" | |
| type = string | |
| default = "us-west-2" # adjust as needed | |
| } | |
| variable "instance_config" { | |
| description = "EC2 instance configuration" | |
| type = object({ | |
| ami_id = string | |
| instance_type = string | |
| name = string | |
| }) | |
| default = { | |
| ami_id = "ami-0e9085e60087ce171" | |
| instance_type = "t2.micro" | |
| name = "MyWebServer" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| module "ec2_instance" { | |
| source = "./terraform-infra" | |
| ami_id = var.instance_config.ami_id | |
| instance_type = var.instance_config.instance_type | |
| instance_name = var.instance_config.name | |
| } |
| variable "ami_id" { | ||
| description = "AMI ID of the EC2 instance" | ||
| type = string | ||
| } |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
🛠️ Refactor suggestion
Add validation for AMI ID format
The ami_id variable should include a validation block to ensure it follows AWS AMI ID format.
variable "ami_id" {
description = "AMI ID of the EC2 instance"
type = string
+ validation {
+ condition = can(regex("^ami-[a-f0-9]{17}$", var.ami_id))
+ error_message = "The ami_id value must be a valid AMI ID, starting with 'ami-' followed by 17 hexadecimal characters."
+ }
}📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| variable "ami_id" { | |
| description = "AMI ID of the EC2 instance" | |
| type = string | |
| } | |
| variable "ami_id" { | |
| description = "AMI ID of the EC2 instance" | |
| type = string | |
| validation { | |
| condition = can(regex("^ami-[a-f0-9]{17}$", var.ami_id)) | |
| error_message = "The ami_id value must be a valid AMI ID, starting with 'ami-' followed by 17 hexadecimal characters." | |
| } | |
| } |
| variable "instance_type" { | ||
| description = "Instance type for the EC2" | ||
| type = string | ||
| } |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
🛠️ Refactor suggestion
Add validation and default value for instance type
The instance_type variable should include validation for valid AWS instance types and a default value.
variable "instance_type" {
description = "Instance type for the EC2"
type = string
+ default = "t2.micro"
+ validation {
+ condition = can(regex("^[a-z][1-9][.][a-z0-9]+$", var.instance_type))
+ error_message = "The instance_type value must be a valid AWS instance type format (e.g., t2.micro, m5.large)."
+ }
}📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| variable "instance_type" { | |
| description = "Instance type for the EC2" | |
| type = string | |
| } | |
| variable "instance_type" { | |
| description = "Instance type for the EC2" | |
| type = string | |
| default = "t2.micro" | |
| validation { | |
| condition = can(regex("^[a-z][1-9][.][a-z0-9]+$", var.instance_type)) | |
| error_message = "The instance_type value must be a valid AWS instance type format (e.g., t2.micro, m5.large)." | |
| } | |
| } |
| ```hcl | ||
| # Root module | ||
| module "ec2_instance1" { | ||
| source = "./terraform-infra" | ||
| ami_id = "ami-0e9085e60087ce171" | ||
| instance_type = "t2.micro" | ||
| instance_name = "WebServer1" | ||
| } |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
🛠️ Refactor suggestion
Add security considerations for module source
When using modules, it's important to mention security best practices for module sources.
Add the following security note before the module examples:
> **Security Note:** When using external modules, always:
> - Verify the module source and author
> - Use version constraints to prevent supply chain attacks
> - Consider using private module registries for sensitive environments
> - Use checksums or Git commit hashes for additional security| - Create a new IAM user with **programmatic access**. | ||
| - Attach the necessary policies (e.g., `AdministratorAccess` or policies tailored to your use case). | ||
| - Note down the **Access Key ID** and **Secret Access Key**. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
🛠️ Refactor suggestion
Enhance IAM user security recommendations
The IAM user setup section should emphasize security best practices.
Add the following security recommendations:
- Create a dedicated IAM user for Terraform with minimal required permissions
- Use IAM roles and instance profiles instead of access keys when possible
- Implement MFA for the IAM user
- Regularly rotate access keys
- Use AWS Organizations for production environments to separate resources| terraform { | ||
| required_providers { | ||
| aws = { | ||
| source = "hashicorp/aws" | ||
| version = "5.65.0" | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
|
|
||
| provider "aws" { | ||
| region = "us-east-1" | ||
| } | ||
| ``` |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
🛠️ Refactor suggestion
Update provider configuration with backend configuration
The provider configuration example should include backend configuration for state management.
terraform {
required_providers {
aws = {
source = "hashicorp/aws"
version = "5.65.0"
}
}
+ backend "s3" {
+ bucket = "terraform-state-bucket"
+ key = "terraform.tfstate"
+ region = "us-east-1"
+ encrypt = true
+ dynamodb_table = "terraform-state-lock"
+ }
}Committable suggestion skipped: line range outside the PR's diff.
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Actionable comments posted: 2
🧹 Nitpick comments (2)
day05/solution.md (2)
11-14: Improve list formatting consistencyThe benefits list uses asterisks (*) while other lists in the document use dashes (-). Consider using consistent list markers throughout the document for better maintainability.
🧰 Tools
🪛 Markdownlint (0.37.0)
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1-193: Consider adding architecture diagram and testing strategyThe documentation would benefit from:
- A high-level architecture diagram showing the module composition
- Testing strategy for the modules (using tools like kitchen-terraform or terratest)
- Examples of module integration testing
Would you like me to provide an example of the architecture diagram and testing strategy section?
🧰 Tools
🪛 LanguageTool
[uncategorized] ~5-~5: Use a comma before ‘and’ if it connects two independent clauses (unless they are closely connected and short).
Context: ...1: - What are modules in Terraform and why do we need modules in Terraform? ...(COMMA_COMPOUND_SENTENCE_2)
[style] ~26-~26: The phrase ‘for e.g.’ is an tautology (‘e.g.’ means ‘for example’). Consider using just “e.g.” or “for example”.
Context: ...ation in a modular and scalable manner. For e.g. $\textcolor{yellow}{\textsf{EC2 instanc...(FOR_EG_REDUNDANCY)
[typographical] ~28-~28: Use a comma after an introductory phrase.
Context: ...{Cloud Storage bucket in GCP}}$. - for this you can usemain.tfand `terraform.tf...(COMMA_INTRODUCTORY_WORDS_PHRASES)
[uncategorized] ~44-~44: Loose punctuation mark.
Context: ...ay05 path) 1.terraform init: Initialize Terraform ![tas...(UNLIKELY_OPENING_PUNCTUATION)
[uncategorized] ~48-~48: Loose punctuation mark.
Context: ...sk2.1.png) 2.terraform plan: Review the Terraform plan ...(UNLIKELY_OPENING_PUNCTUATION)
[uncategorized] ~54-~54: Loose punctuation mark.
Context: ... 3.terraform apply --auto-approve: Apply the changes ![task2....(UNLIKELY_OPENING_PUNCTUATION)
🪛 Markdownlint (0.37.0)
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day05/solution.md(1 hunks)
🧰 Additional context used
🪛 LanguageTool
day05/solution.md
[uncategorized] ~5-~5: Use a comma before ‘and’ if it connects two independent clauses (unless they are closely connected and short).
Context: ...1: - What are modules in Terraform and why do we need modules in Terraform? ...
(COMMA_COMPOUND_SENTENCE_2)
[style] ~26-~26: The phrase ‘for e.g.’ is an tautology (‘e.g.’ means ‘for example’). Consider using just “e.g.” or “for example”.
Context: ...ation in a modular and scalable manner. For e.g. $\textcolor{yellow}{\textsf{EC2 instanc...
(FOR_EG_REDUNDANCY)
[typographical] ~28-~28: Use a comma after an introductory phrase.
Context: ...{Cloud Storage bucket in GCP}}$. - for this you can use main.tf and `terraform.tf...
(COMMA_INTRODUCTORY_WORDS_PHRASES)
[uncategorized] ~44-~44: Loose punctuation mark.
Context: ...ay05 path) 1. terraform init : Initialize Terraform ![tas...
(UNLIKELY_OPENING_PUNCTUATION)
[uncategorized] ~48-~48: Loose punctuation mark.
Context: ...sk2.1.png) 2. terraform plan : Review the Terraform plan ...
(UNLIKELY_OPENING_PUNCTUATION)
[uncategorized] ~54-~54: Loose punctuation mark.
Context: ... 3. terraform apply --auto-approve : Apply the changes ![task2....
(UNLIKELY_OPENING_PUNCTUATION)
🪛 Markdownlint (0.37.0)
day05/solution.md
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🔇 Additional comments (1)
day05/solution.md (1)
156-185: Add security considerations for module sources
The existing security note from previous reviews is still relevant. Please add it before the version locking examples.
| ```hcl | ||
| # Root module | ||
| module "ec2_instance1" { | ||
| source = "./terraform-infra" | ||
| ami_id = "ami-0e9085e60087ce171" | ||
| instance_type = "t2.micro" | ||
| instance_name = "WebServer1" | ||
| } | ||
|
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| module "ec2_instance2" { | ||
| source = "./terraform-infra" | ||
| ami_id = module.ec2_instance1.ami_id | ||
| instance_type = module.ec2_instance1.instance_type | ||
| instance_name = "WebServer2" # Different name to distinguish instances | ||
| } |
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Add security configurations and best practices
The EC2 instance configuration has several areas for improvement:
- Hard-coded AMI ID without validation
- Missing security group configuration
- No tags for resource management
- No provider version constraints
Consider updating the module configuration:
terraform {
required_providers {
aws = {
source = "hashicorp/aws"
version = "~> 4.0"
}
}
}
module "ec2_instance1" {
source = "./terraform-infra"
ami_id = data.aws_ami.amazon_linux_2.id # Use data source instead of hard-coding
instance_type = "t2.micro"
instance_name = "WebServer1"
vpc_security_group_ids = [aws_security_group.web_server.id]
tags = {
Environment = "Development"
Project = "TerraWeek"
ManagedBy = "Terraform"
}
}
# Add AMI data source
data "aws_ami" "amazon_linux_2" {
most_recent = true
owners = ["amazon"]
filter {
name = "name"
values = ["amzn2-ami-hvm-*-x86_64-gp2"]
}
}| 4. Faster Development: Modules save time when deploying similar infrastructure repeatedly | ||
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| ## Task 2: | ||
| - Create/Define a module in Terraform to encapsulate reusable infrastructure configuration in a modular and scalable manner. For e.g. $\textcolor{yellow}{\textsf{EC2 instance in AWS}}$, $\textcolor{lightblue}{\textsf{Resource Group in Azure}}$, $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{Cloud Storage bucket in GCP}}$. |
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🛠️ Refactor suggestion
Add prerequisites and improve wording
- Replace "For e.g." with "e.g." or "for example"
- Add prerequisites section before the setup instructions:
- Create/Define a module in Terraform to encapsulate reusable infrastructure configuration in a modular and scalable manner. For e.g. $\textcolor{yellow}{\textsf{EC2 instance in AWS}}$
+ Create/Define a module in Terraform to encapsulate reusable infrastructure configuration in a modular and scalable manner. For example: $\textcolor{yellow}{\textsf{EC2 instance in AWS}}$
+
+ ### Prerequisites
+ - AWS account with appropriate permissions
+ - Terraform installed (version >= 0.12)
+ - AWS CLI configured with credentials📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| - Create/Define a module in Terraform to encapsulate reusable infrastructure configuration in a modular and scalable manner. For e.g. $\textcolor{yellow}{\textsf{EC2 instance in AWS}}$, $\textcolor{lightblue}{\textsf{Resource Group in Azure}}$, $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{Cloud Storage bucket in GCP}}$. | |
| Create/Define a module in Terraform to encapsulate reusable infrastructure configuration in a modular and scalable manner. For example: $\textcolor{yellow}{\textsf{EC2 instance in AWS}}$, $\textcolor{lightblue}{\textsf{Resource Group in Azure}}$, $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{Cloud Storage bucket in GCP}}$. | |
| ### Prerequisites | |
| - AWS account with appropriate permissions | |
| - Terraform installed (version >= 0.12) | |
| - AWS CLI configured with credentials |
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🪛 LanguageTool
[style] ~26-~26: The phrase ‘for e.g.’ is an tautology (‘e.g.’ means ‘for example’). Consider using just “e.g.” or “for example”.
Context: ...ation in a modular and scalable manner. For e.g. $\textcolor{yellow}{\textsf{EC2 instanc...
(FOR_EG_REDUNDANCY)
This pull request introduces the following updates for Terraform infrastructure management:
Terraform EC2 Module: A reusable module for deploying an EC2 instance in AWS has been defined under the
terraform-infradirectory. The module encapsulates the necessary configuration to deploy and manage an EC2 instance, including the instance type, AMI ID, and instance name. This module is invoked multiple times in themain.tffile for deploying two distinct EC2 instances with shared configuration values.Modular Composition: The
main.tfhas been updated to demonstrate modular composition by calling the EC2 instance module multiple times, each with its own unique configuration. This composition allows for the creation of scalable infrastructure while maintaining code reusability.Module Versioning: Implemented version control for modules by specifying fixed versions for external modules, ensuring stability and avoiding unwanted breaking changes.
Terraform Locking: Code snippets for locking Terraform module versions have been provided to ensure consistent deployments and prevent issues caused by module updates. Versions are locked either by specifying a fixed version, using a version range, or by referencing a specific Git commit hash or tag.
These improvements aim to enhance the modularity, reusability, and stability of infrastructure code, promoting consistent and scalable infrastructure deployments.
Summary by CodeRabbit