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voiceover materials
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crescentheaded committed Mar 15, 2024
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Expand Up @@ -23,12 +23,11 @@ An accessible mode of simplified iOS
## Meet Assistive Access
**Assistive Access** is a new [**Accessibility Feature**](<doc:AccessibilityFeatures>) presented at **WWDC23**.

[![Alternate Text](meet-assistive-access)](https://developer.apple.com/wwdc23/10032
"Meet Assistive Access")
[![Alternate Text](aa-wwdc)](https://developer.apple.com/wwdc23/10032)

The feature is purposed to provide a drastically **simplified UI of the whole system** with help of [**Dynamic Type**](<doc:DynamicType>) and fundamentally different layouts of **adapted apps** to lighten *cognitive load* for those in need.

@Image(source: aa-1, alt: "")
@Image(source: aa-promo-1, alt: "")

------------------------------------------------------

Expand All @@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ The feature is dedicated to enable anyone use their device **independently** reg

The technology's task is to **reduce applications functionality** to the point when the possibility that everyone can find app's interface understandable is *maximal*.

@Image(source: aa-2, alt: "")
@Image(source: aa-promo-2, alt: "")


So people who have **cognitive** or **learning impairments** could easily use iPhones *on their own*.
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# VoiceOver

VoiceOver is a **screen reader** built into iOS.
A **screen reader** native for iOS

@Comment {
https://www.apple.com/voiceover/info/guide/_1121.html
Expand All @@ -25,9 +25,38 @@ VoiceOver is a **screen reader** built into iOS.


## Screen-Reading Technology

A screen reader is a form of [**assistive technology**](<doc:AccessibilityFeatures>) — a program that conveys *visual* content into *non-visual* output. It allows people who cannot visually perceive information from the screen to be able to receive it in audial or tactile forms.

## Text-to-speech
@Video(source: voiceover-commercial, alt: "") {
Apple's VoiceOver commercial video
}


### Application
Screen readers are essential for users who...
1) have *visual disablements*, such as **blindness** or **poor eyesight**;
2) experience **dyslexia** or other *cognitive impairments*;
3) are simply in a *situation* that disables them from looking at the screen, such as driving.

In other words, screen reading technology serves people who are *unable* to **visually** perceive information displayed on the screen.

@Image(source: blind-surfer, alt: "") {
Longboard surfer Scott Leason reviews surf reports using the Surfline app on his iPhone
}

### Implementation
Not being able to perceive information **visually** is the hugest obstacle on the way to the access to technology. The reason is that approximately 90% of the environmental information received by humans comes through the visual channel. Which makes the visual perception the primary way to perceive reality.

@Image(source: ninety-percent, alt: "")

@Links(visualStyle: detailedGrid) {
- <doc:SensorySystem>
- <doc:AlternativeDescription>
}

Thanks to the natural order of things **information is formless** and humans have other senses to receive it. Thus screen readers transform the graphic interface into an audial or tactile form.

@Row {
@Column {
@Image(source: "speech-output", alt: "") {
Expand All @@ -40,19 +69,14 @@ A screen reader is a form of [**assistive technology**](<doc:AccessibilityFeatur
}
}
}
Screen readers are essential for users who...
1) have *visual disablements*, such as **blindness** or **poor eyesight**;
2) experience **dyslexia** or other *cognitive impairments*;
3) are simply in a *situation* that disables them from looking at the screen, such as driving.

In other words, screen reading technology serves people who are *unable* to **visually** perceive information displayed on the screen.

Not being able to perceive information visually is the hugest obstacle on the way to the access to technology. The reason is that approximately 90% of the environmental information received by humans comes through the visual channel. Which makes the visual perception the primary way to perceive reality.

Thanks to the natural order of things information is formless and humans have other senses to receive it. Thus screen readers transform the graphic interface into an audial or tactile form.

### VoiceOver enables alternative control
Visual impairments do not only disable the ability to perceive information but affect the control of things that are distinguishable visually solely. It results in being unable for a person who struggles to see to operate the touch screens. People with visual impairment don't see buttons, people with cognitive impairments that affect the visual perception don't recognise buttons. So there must be a way to access the controls without visual navigation.

@Image(source: service-dog, alt: "") {
Longboard surfer Scott Leason and his seeing dog wait for the ride
}

Talking about using screen readers on *mobile* devices it brings different controls in. Navigating an interface with a screen reader on requires usage of **special gestures** on touchscreen or an external controllers of non-direct touch.

## VoiceOver Gestures
Expand All @@ -62,4 +86,26 @@ In the case of VoiceOver there is [**a list of standard VoiceOver gestures**](ht
If the user uses VoiceOver combined with the use of an external physical keyboard the screen readers provide full control of the interface by using the keyboard. To learn more about using a keyboard instead of a touchscreen to operate the phone and its own nuances see <doc:FullKeyboardAccess> article.

## VoiceOver on other Apple devices
@Image(source: blind-evangelist, alt: "") {
Dean Hudson, Apple's accessibility technical evangelist uses VoiceOver
}
VoiceOver as Apple's variant of screen reader was introduced in 2009 for macOS. It was a huge success and didn't take much time for iPod Shuffle to support this feature. VoiceOver on iOS has been supported since iPhone 3GS release. To learn more about the accessibility of iOS visit <doc:iOSAccessibility> article.

@Image(source: steve, alt: "") {
Steve Jobs presents iPhone 3GS, the first iPhone with VoiceOver support
}

## Setting Up VoiceOver
@Image(source: vo-setup, alt: "")

## Additional esources
@Image(source: vo-resources-1, alt: "") {
[Apple, creatives, and disability rights activists reflect on 30 years of the Americans with Disabilities Act](https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/07/apple-creatives-and-disability-rights-activists-reflect-on-30-years-of-the-americans-with-disabilities-act/)
}

@Image(source: vo-resources-2, alt: "") {
[Blind veteran catches second wave with a surfboard and iPhone](https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2018/11/blind-veteran-catches-second-wave-with-a-surfboard-and-iphone/)
}

### A blind person checks whether the document is accessible
[![Alternate Text](screen-reader)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5kejy1z8x3I)
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