Skip to content

Commit

Permalink
overview
Browse files Browse the repository at this point in the history
  • Loading branch information
@crescentheaded
crescentheaded committed Apr 2, 2024
1 parent 7ee6681 commit a7de6a5
Show file tree
Hide file tree
Showing 10 changed files with 77 additions and 112 deletions.
15 changes: 8 additions & 7 deletions ...yHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Adaption/AccessibilityAdaption.md
View file
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# Accessibility of Mobile Applications

Start working with **Accessibility API**
Working with **Accessibility API**

@Metadata {
@PageColor(blue)
Expand All @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Start working with **Accessibility API**

## First Things First: Why Support Accessibility

Perceive it as a *disclaimer* of some kind.
Perceive this part as a *disclaimer* of some kind.
@Image(source: "placeholder", alt: "")

### The Clientele Exists and Is Visible
Expand All @@ -37,21 +37,22 @@ Moreover, accessibility is essentially an engine of **people with disabilities i


### Compliance and Conformance
The answer to "Why support accessibility?" question is different for every person working *around* accessibility. Some people believe that [**accessible design**](<doc:AccessibleDesign>) is an *immanent* part of **universal design** and conforming to accessibility makes the product better for everyone. Other chase the **auditory expansion** by PR stunts to attract good will. A few countries oblige organisations to make accessible products by **civil rights law** and such developers are **dodging lawsuits** by complying to the standards.
The answer to "Why support accessibility?" question is different for every person working *around* accessibility. Some people believe that [**accessible design**](<doc:AccessibleDesign>) is an *immanent* part of **universal design** and conforming to **accessibility guidelines** makes the product better for everyone. Other chase the **auditory expansion** by PR stunts to attract good will. A few countries oblige organisations to make accessible products by **civil rights law** and such developers are **dodging lawsuits** by complying to the standards.
@Image(source: "placeholder", alt: "")

### Real Accessibility Is Intentional
The more the production is influenced by *external* pressure the less accessible the result will be. Complying to **extrinsic standards** has *nothing* in common with providing accessible experience: only **empathy** allows people to consider others. It is impossible to support accessibility properly without a *clear* realisation of the situation and *genuine* motivation to change it.
@Image(source: "placeholder", alt: "")
Moreover, **incorrect adoption** of accessibility guidelines leads to a dramatic **decrease of approachability** of the app. Integrating anything only increases **complexity** of applications so one has to be aware of the consequences of their actions. **The simpler interfaces are the more accessible they are.**

### Choice Is Yours
Only the person themself decides *why* they want to enable more people to use the product whose development is under their influence.
All in all, only the person themself decides *why* they want to enable more people to use the product whose development is under their influence.

### Accessibility Is a Privilege
It is a difficult journey for anyone to integrate accessibility into the project under their influence, regardless of their specialty and position. [**iOS Accessibility Handbook**](https://vodgroup.github.io/AccessibilityDocumentation/documentation/iosaccessibilityhandbook) project has no goal to *propagate* any values. We just support accessibility **the way it should be done** and share that experience.
Additionally, integrating accessibility into the project is a difficult journey for anyone, regardless of their specialty and position. [**iOS Accessibility Handbook**](https://vodgroup.github.io/AccessibilityDocumentation/documentation/iosaccessibilityhandbook) project has no goal to *propagate* any values. We just support accessibility **the way it should be done** and share that experience.
@Image(source: "placeholder", alt: "")

**So if you are here it means that you *too* have a reason to do the right thing.**
**So if you are here it means that you have a reason to do the thing.**

## Accessibility API

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ Constructing an interface out of **default elements** majorly covers the functio

@Image(source: "placeholder", alt: "")

Having **custom elements** designed *specifically* for your interface requires a little bit more work done on supporting [**Accessible Features**](<doc:AccessibilityFeatures>) but it's definitely not exhausting, too.
Having **custom elements** designed *specifically* for your interface requires a little bit more work done on supporting [**Accessible Features**](<doc:AccessibilityFeatures>) but it's definitely not exhausting too.

### UIKit and SwiftUI

Expand Down
12 changes: 6 additions & 6 deletions ...essibilityHandbook/iOSAccessibilityHandbook.docc/Pages/Adaption/AdaptionStrategy.tutorial
View file
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
Here is the **roadmap** of what one can do to make their application *accessible*.

### Essentiality
The *level of importance* — whether an accessibility adoption is **basic** or **advanced** — decided by its requirement for assistive technologies to *simply* function. To make the accessible experience more *delightful* some **additional tinkering** has to be done.
The *level of importance* — whether accessibility adoption is **basic** or **advanced** — decided by its requirement for assistive technologies to *simply* function. To make the accessible experience more *delightful* some **additional tinkering** has to be done.

### Familiarity
If you are not familiar with the **related terminology**, see the **introductory pages**.

@Links(visualStyle: detailedGrid) {
- <doc:AccessibilityFeatures>
- <doc:AdaptionStrategy>
- <doc:AccessibilityAdaption>
}

Otherwise you may start straight from the first guide or a tutorial of your particular interest — the separated materials are *self-sufficient*.
Expand All @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
@Chapter(name: "Expose Application's Data") {
@Image(source: chapter-placeholder.png, alt: "")

Provide a detailed description to everything in the interface so assistive technologies know how to deal with it.
Provide a **detailed description** to everything in the interface so assistive technologies know how to deal with it.

@TutorialReference(tutorial: "doc:AccessibilityAttributes")
@TutorialReference(tutorial: "doc:Traits")
Expand All @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
@Chapter(name: "Adapt User Scenarios") {
@Image(source: chapter-placeholder.png, alt: "")

Think over the goals users have to be able to achieve using your app to enable them to do it.
Think over the **goals** users have to be able to achieve using your app to enable them to do it.

@TutorialReference(tutorial: "doc:ControlHierarchy")
}
Expand All @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
@Chapter(name: "Accessible Description") {
@Image(source: chapter-placeholder.png, alt: "")

**Describe the interface** to that extent so accessibility API and its users has **no ambiguity in its interpretation**.
**Describe the interface** to that extent so accessibility API and its users has **less ambiguity in its interpretation**.

@TutorialReference(tutorial: "doc:AccessibleCharts")
@TutorialReference(tutorial: "doc:AccessibleListening")
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
@Chapter(name: "Accessible Appearance") {
@Image(source: chapter-placeholder.png, alt: "")

Follow specific guidelines to make your **GUI easier to be comprehended**.
Follow specific guidelines to make your **GUI easier to be visually comprehended**.

@TutorialReference(tutorial: "doc:ColorsAndShapes")
@TutorialReference(tutorial: "doc:DynamicType")
Expand Down
105 changes: 34 additions & 71 deletions ...ityHandbook.docc/Pages/Adaption/Advanced/AccessibleDescription/SensorySystem.md
View file
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# Human Perception

A quick dip back into primordial soup to understand why everyone experiences the same world differently.
A quick dip back into primordial soup to understand why everyone experiences the same world differently

@Metadata {
@PageColor(blue)
Expand All @@ -19,14 +19,15 @@ A quick dip back into primordial soup to understand why everyone experiences the
label: "General Knowledge")
}

## iPhone as a data transmitter
Operating a phone is essentially an exchange of data: the device provides information to be received and gets information from the user. Information transmitted by the device may take one of three forms of content types supported by the modern technology: visual, auidial and tactile. But the thing is the form of the content doesn't define the matter. The same message may be presented by various media types. A birthday postcard, balloons animation in iMessage and a voice call may represent the absolutely same experience of being congratulated. Why so?
Operating a computing device is essentially an exchange of data: the device provides information to be received and gets information from the user. Information transmitted by the device may take one of three forms of content types supported by the modern technology: visual, auidial and tactile. But the thing is the form of the content doesn't define the matter. The same message may be presented by various media types. A birthday postcard, balloons animation in iMessage and a voice call may represent the absolutely same experience of being congratulated.

## A deeper take on content reception
To understand why *different* **output forms** may have the same **meaning** let's research the mechanism of **perception** -- one's **ability to receive output from the outer world**.

Being a living creature means **continuous communication with *reality***. But what exactly *is* reality?
## Reality Is Singular

## Reality is a set of objects with stated properties
To start with, being a living creature means **continuous communication with *reality***. But what exactly *is* reality?

### Reality is a set of objects with stated properties

@Image(source: milky-way, alt: "") {
*"Reality"* often refers to the **observable universe*
Expand All @@ -35,30 +36,32 @@ Being a living creature means **continuous communication with *reality***. But w
**Reality** as a conceptional model consisting of facts that define everything embedded in the universe. A *worldview*, which is **knowledge of the world**, is built of **perception** of these facts.


## One world - many worldviews
### One world - many worldviews

@Image(source: earth, alt: "") {
All life lives on the same Earth
}


The complexity of reality made carbon-based lifeforms diverse that much so it's hard to believe that all inhabitants of Earth share the same nature. Bacteria, insects, fish, cats, humans, corals, pine trees and mushrooms - all living creatures are made of the same elements by the same rules and live in the same world.
The complexity of reality made carbon-based lifeforms diverse that much so it's hard to believe that all inhabitants of Earth **share the same nature**. Bacteria, insects, fish, cats, humans, corals, pine trees and mushrooms - all living creatures are made of the same elements by the same rules and live in the same world.

@Image(source: fish, alt: "") {
Lifeforms diversity is unmeasurable
}

Nevertheless those living creatures who are sentient, i.e. able to sense, perceive the world differently. Each species have their own knowledge of the world, their own *worldview*, defined by the set of perceptional abilities available for them. A model of **cognised environment** is called [**umwelt**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umwelt), and an umwelt is consistent of [**qualias**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualia) - instances of **subjective experience**.
## Perception Is Plural

Nevertheless those living creatures who are **sentient**, i.e. **able to sense**, perceive the world *differently*. Each species have their own **knowledge of the world** -- their own worldview, defined by the set of **perceptional abilities** available for them. A model of **cognised environment** is called [**umwelt**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umwelt), and an umwelt is consistent of [**qualias**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualia) - instances of **subjective experience**.

## Experience is composite
Subjectiveness of experience comes from the types of information species are able to recognise. A set of such abilities available for a specie is called a perceptional system.
### Experience Is Composite
**Subjectiveness of experience** comes from the **types of information** species are able to **recognise**. A set of such abilities available for a specie is called a **perceptional system**.

@Image(source: eyes, alt: "") {
Evolution made different eyes see what is needed
}


## Sensory systems of different species
### Sensory Systems of Similar Species
@Row {
@Column {
@Image(source: eye, alt: "") {
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -87,80 +90,40 @@ Subjectiveness of experience comes from the types of information species are abl
}
}

Creatures are differentiated by their evolutionary development: for example, humans and cats are of one biological class - mammals.
*Taxonomically* creatures are differentiated by their **evolutionary development**: for example, humans and cats are of one biological class - **mammals** -- because these species are similar in their development.

All mammals are capable of developing the same kinds of cells for particular receptional organs.
Members of a particular **biological class** are capable of developing the same kinds of **cells** for particular **receptive organs**. Even though humans and cats perceive the reality drastically differently, their perceptions have the same underlayment -- but implementation is different.

Levels of perception of a particular sense differ from a specie to specie - for example, dogs smell in a range thousands times wider than cats and moles are nearly completely blind, but in general all members within the taxon are able to see, hear, touch, smell and taste. It is decided by the sensory organs developed for mammals.

## Perceptional difference within a taxon
The situation is different for species of other classes, those with different sets of sensory organs.

@Image(source: color-blindness, alt: "")

For examples, insects are able to sense humidity by a completely different perception than humans. Humans decide whether they are wet or not based on the feeling of temperature difference between their skin and the environment. Insects just feel wetness by hygroreceptors - specific sensory cells.

@Image(source: butterfly, alt: "")

## Sensory organs impairments
So perceiving the world differently is natural and based on the abilities of sensory system. But what if there are difference between specimen?

@Image(source: vision-loss, alt: "")

It is possible to be born with a sensory system different from what is considered typic for the species as a result of disfunction of receptional cells due to prenatal pathologies. Sensory impairments obtained before birth are called congenital. People born with congenital impairments have no idea about types of information they are unable to perceive.

### Congenital
@Image(source: newborn-albino, alt: "")

Being born with fully functional sensory system does not guarantee the integrity of perception forever. Sensory organs may be impaired during the life as a result of injury or age-caused degradation.

### Acquired by injury
@Image(source: eye-injury, alt: "")
To conclude, levels of perception of a particular sense differ from a specie to specie. Dogs smell in a range thousands times wider than cats and moles are nearly completely blind, but as mammals they all are able to see, hear, touch, smell and taste -- just to different degrees.

### Acquired with age
It is natural for people to hear less in a narrower range of frequencies and experience vision loss from a particular age.
@Image(source: magnifying-glass, alt: "")



## Mental model of the perception

## Qualia

## Umwelt: a perceptional model of cognized environment

## Human senses and modern technology
### Visual
### Audial
### Tactile

## Media types
### Texts
### Images
### Videos
### Audios
### Haptics

## Adaption guides
### Alternative description
### Closed captioning
### Text-to-speech
@Image(source: color-blindness, alt: "")


As living creatures we exist in the world by interacting with environment around us. Everything we know about our surroundings is built from information we perceive through the senses we have: vision, hearing, touch, smell and taste.
## Sensory Organs Impairments
Now we know that **perceiving the world differently is natural** and based on the **capabilities** of one's **sensory system**. But what about difference unrelated to **biological diversity**? Why members of the **exact same species** may perceive the world *so* differently?

The combination of perceptional options available for particular species is called umwelt. Umwelt is a perceptional model of the world. Each species has their own umwelt regardless of the fact that the world is one and only for every living creature.
@Image(source: vision-loss, alt: "")

The perceptional model is built of qualia. Qualia is an instance of personalised experience. Experience is the information we recieve from the environment. Information about the world is a collection of inherent facts we are able to recognise with the set of senses we have.
### Congenital Impairments
It is possible to be born with a sensory system capabilities different from what is considered **typic** for the species as a result of **disfunction of receptive cells** due to *prenatal* pathologies. Such **sensory impairments** obtained *before* birth are called **congenital**.

People who are disabled of a particular sense from birth have a drastically different umwelt from those who have it. If a person was born blind or color-blind will never be able to comprehend concepts of colours in purely visual terms. For non-visual people colors may be a concept only in relation to associated to specific colors properties, such as temperature of an objects.
@Image(source: newborn-albino, alt: "")

So talking about adaption of different types of content we should consider the fact that there are some ways of perception that are completely inaccessible for people who are disabled of the related sense.
### Obtained Impairments
Being born with **fully functional sensory system does not guarantee the integrity of perception forever**. Typical perception may be changed temporary or permanently during the life as a result of changes within the receptive or processing organs.

Talking about the data that is available for retrieval from phones there are five types of content possible: visual, audial and tactile. As for now humanity is unable to convey smells and tastes by computing technology.
@Image(source: eye-injury, alt: "") {
An injured eye is a difunctional sensory organ thus affect the visual perception of a person
}

The types of content may be used exclusively or in combination with others when present in a particular media type. For example a book contains exclusively visual information, a video has both visual and audial information and a game may have all three if there is a haptic device that provides tactile output.
@Image(source: magnifying-glass, alt: "") {
It is natural for people to hear less in a narrower range of frequencies and experience vision loss from a particular age
}

So whenever we want to share experience with someone who is lacking the perception of the informational type included in this experience it is important to translate the information from the inaccessible channel to the one the person can understand.
## What To Do With All This Information

In this series of guides we are going to break down these three senses into ways how to tell the person who is out of its reach of the same message it consists of.
Loading

0 comments on commit a7de6a5

Please sign in to comment.