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# Accessibility Features

A brief overview of **assistive technology** supported by iOS
In-built software **assistive technology** of iOS

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Expand All @@ -19,7 +19,48 @@ A brief overview of **assistive technology** supported by iOS
label: "General Knowledge")
}

**Accessibility Features** is a collection of *software* aimed to **help people use their devices**.
**Accessibility Features** are specialised system software purposed to customise user experience of Apple devices.

Every person has a unique set of sensory, physical and cognitive features. There are people that encounter certain barriers while using information and communication technology (ICT).

It is impossible to consider the whole diversity of users, which would be designing specifically for each member of world population.

Nonetheless, there are practices that are aimed to enable more people to access technology. When designing with accessibility in mind is not enough, assistive technology enter the game.

Assistive technology are software, hardware and combined solutions. In this particular article, we are going to discuss Accessibility Features -- in-built system software purpose to customise user experience of Apple devices.

Accessibility features let people adjust system settings that way so using a device becomes more comfortable or even simply possible for people in particular conditions.

It may be achieved with means out-of-the-box or by letting a user extend the device's functionality by connecting external devices.

Some accessibility features are fully autonomous and are supported automatically. Others require explicit consideration of developers.

For example, classic Invert Colours perfectly works on its own, because this technology simply inverts every colour of the interface.

On the other hand, there is Smart Invert that does the same but is considerate of images, videos and media with already sufficient colour scheme. Smart Invert will work as intended only if supported explicitly -- if everything that shouldn't be inverted is marked inside of the application.

On this page we are going to discuss accessibility features from a distance. It is essential to understand what can be done to an interface in order to provide accessible experience.

But there are accessibility features that require more of attention, because to enable them additional work has been done. Such features are discussed in greater detailed in next articles, one by one.

But before diving deep into details, let's get familiar with accessibility features and their functionality in general.


## Speech
Speech accessibility features are aimed to adjust user experience for people in circumstances affecting their ability to speak.

## Vision
Vision accessibility features work with the visual modality of an interface.

## Hearing
Hearing accessibility feature are purposed to customise user experience for people with hearing disabilities.

## Mobility


## Cognitive

There are various features that adjust or extend the functionality of iPhone to enable different people have an equitable experience.

You can find **Accessibility Features** available for your device in **Settings**, under **Accessibility** category.

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Talking about barriers in **digital products**, they happen on the scope of **user interfaces**. A **user interface** is *everything* that happens between a **product** and its **user**, the *communication* between these two subjects.

### Computer interfaces
### Informational exchange
User interfaces are essentially means of **informational exchange**: providing **input** and receiving **output**.

### Accessibility of user interfaces
Expand All @@ -57,19 +57,26 @@ These are **principles of accessible design**. [**iOS Accessibility Handbook**](

We will study accessibility by these principles **in general** and inspect each of them in detail later at the [**Accessible Design**](<doc:AccessibleDesign>) page.

> Note: Yes, there is **W** in WCAG, WAI and W3C, and we are talking **mobile**.
### -- W is for Web. We're talking Mobile.
That's right, excuse me. But the absence of widely-recognised standards for mobile accessibility should not be an obstacle on our way.

Interface theory is shared between various technology, accessibility principles are widely applicable. We just have to make sure that we understand what we're doing to get it right. And that's why this handbook exist.

## Assistive technology
But there are situations where *design means* are **not enough** for an interface to be accessible. Here comes **assistive technology**: software, hardware and combined solutions that *allow* users to be able to have **equitable interaction experience**.
There are situations where *design means* are **not enough** for an interface to be accessible. Here comes **assistive technology**: software, hardware and combined solutions that *allow* users to be able to have **equitable interaction experience**.

### Equity vs. equality
Notice that the word *equitable* is used instead of *equal*. It is done because **demanding equal access is delusional**: there is **no equation between people**, everyone is **unique** and their experiences are too.
Notice that the word *equitable* is used instead of *equal*. It is done because **demanding equal outcome is delusional**. There is **no equality between people**, everyone is **unique**. Treating *different* people the *same* way won't lead to the same results.

Equality ensures that everyone gets the same -- *equal* -- treatment. Equity treats everyone differently, in accordance with their diversity, to achieve similar -- *equitable* -- results.

### Users of assistive technology
Most commonly, assistive technology is used by people for whom **otherwise* user interfaces would be inaccessible**.
Most commonly, assistive technology is used by people for whom ***otherwise* user interfaces would be inaccessible**.

### -- ... most commonly?
Yep. **Assistive technology *are* for people with disabilities**. But there is no requirement to have a disability to use assistive technology.
Yep. **Assistive technology *are* for people with disabilities**. But there is no requirement to have a disability to use assistive technology.

Many things used in everyday life of people who do not identify themselves as having a disabilities were *indeed designed* for people with disabilities. For example, ergonomic handles and speech recognition. Sometimes assistive technology

**Users of assistive technology** is the term we're going to use when discussing appropriate **technical implementation**.

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---|---|---
**visual** | **Visual perception** impairments | *Blindness*, *low sight*, *colour blindness*
**hearing** | Audial *perception* impairments | *Deafness*, *decreased hearing*
cognitive | **Neural impairments**, both **processing and producing** abilities | *Dyslexia*, *dementia*, *learning disorders*, *epilepsy*
motor | Impairments of both **gross and fine motor skills** | *Cerebral palsy*, *injury*, *stroke*, *deformity*
**cognitive** | **Neural impairments**, both **processing and producing** abilities | *Dyslexia*, *dementia*, *learning disorders*, *epilepsy*
**motor** | Impairments of both **gross and fine motor skills** | *Cerebral palsy*, *injury*, *stroke*, *deformity*

> Important: Notice that we chose not to segregate **speech disabilities**. Remember that ability to speak can be compromised by **both motor and cognitive impairments**.
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