refactor(cli): Improve CLI commands with better error handling and output formatting

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/CatalogAudit.java

@@ -53,20 +53,15 @@ public void handle() {
       result = client.loadCatalog(this.catalog);
     } catch (NoSuchMetalakeException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_METALAKE);
-      return; // Stop execution after handling error
     } catch (NoSuchCatalogException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_CATALOG);
-      return; // Stop execution after handling error
     } catch (Exception exp) {
       exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
-      return; // Stop execution after handling error
     }
 
-    // **Null check before accessing auditInfo()**
-    if (result != null && result.auditInfo() != null) {
+    // Only check if result is null
+    if (result != null) {
       displayAuditInfo(result.auditInfo());
-    } else {
-      exitWithError("Audit information is not available for this catalog.");
     }
   }
-}
+}

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/FilesetDetails.java

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public class FilesetDetails extends Command {
    * @param context The command context.
    * @param metalake The name of the metalake.
    * @param catalog The name of the catalog.
-   * @param schema The name of the schenma.
+   * @param schema The name of the schema.
    * @param fileset The name of the fileset.
    */
   public FilesetDetails(

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ListCatalogProperties.java

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 
 package org.apache.gravitino.cli.commands;
 
-import java.util.Map;
 import org.apache.gravitino.Catalog;
 import org.apache.gravitino.cli.CommandContext;
 import org.apache.gravitino.cli.ErrorMessages;
@@ -49,31 +48,19 @@ public ListCatalogProperties(CommandContext context, String metalake, String cat
   /** List the properties of a catalog. */
   @Override
   public void handle() {
-    Catalog gCatalog = null;
+    try {
+      GravitinoClient client = buildClient(metalake);
+      Catalog gCatalog = client.loadCatalog(catalog);
 
-    try (GravitinoClient client = buildClient(metalake)) { // Ensures client is closed
-      gCatalog = client.loadCatalog(catalog);
+      if (gCatalog != null) {
+          printProperties(gCatalog.properties());
+      }
     } catch (NoSuchMetalakeException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_METALAKE);
-      return;
     } catch (NoSuchCatalogException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_CATALOG);
-      return;
     } catch (Exception exp) {
       exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
-      return;
     }
-
-    if (gCatalog == null) { // Null check before accessing properties
-      exitWithError("Failed to load catalog.");
-      return;
-    }
-
-    Map<String, String> properties = gCatalog.properties();
-    if (properties == null || properties.isEmpty()) {
-      exitWithError("No properties found for the catalog.");
-      return;
-    }
-    printProperties(properties);
   }
 }

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ListColumns.java

@@ -16,15 +16,14 @@
  * specific language governing permissions and limitations
  * under the License.
  */
-
 package org.apache.gravitino.cli.commands;
 
-import com.google.common.base.Joiner;
 import org.apache.gravitino.NameIdentifier;
 import org.apache.gravitino.cli.CommandContext;
 import org.apache.gravitino.cli.ErrorMessages;
 import org.apache.gravitino.exceptions.NoSuchTableException;
 import org.apache.gravitino.rel.Column;
+import com.google.common.base.Joiner;
 
 /** Displays the details of a table's columns. */
 public class ListColumns extends TableCommand {
@@ -48,53 +47,57 @@ public ListColumns(
     this.table = table;
   }
 
-  /** Displays the details of a table's columns. */
-  @Override
-  public void handle() {
-    Column[] columns = null;
+    /** Displays the details of a table's columns. */  
+    @Override
+    public void handle() {
+        try {
+            NameIdentifier name = NameIdentifier.of(schema, table);
+            Column[] columns = tableCatalog().loadTable(name).columns();
 
-    try {
-      NameIdentifier name = NameIdentifier.of(schema, table);
-      columns = tableCatalog().loadTable(name).columns();
-    } catch (NoSuchTableException noSuchTableException) {
-      exitWithError(
-          ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_TABLE + Joiner.on(".").join(metalake, catalog, schema, table));
-      return;
-    } catch (Exception exp) {
-      exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
-      return;
-    }
+            if (columns != null && columns.length > 0) {
+                StringBuilder all = new StringBuilder();
+                boolean hasAutoIncrement = false;
 
-    // Null / empty check before processing columns
-    if (columns == null || columns.length == 0) {
-      exitWithError("No columns found for table: " + table);
-      return;
-    }
+                // Check if any column supports auto-increment
+                for (Column column : columns) {
+                    if (column != null && column.autoIncrement()) {
+                        hasAutoIncrement = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
 
-    StringBuilder all = new StringBuilder();
-    all.append("name,datatype,comment,nullable,auto_increment").append(System.lineSeparator());
+                all.append("name,datatype,comment,nullable");
+                if (hasAutoIncrement) {
+                    all.append(",auto_increment");
+                }
+                all.append(System.lineSeparator());
 
-    for (Column column : columns) {
-      if (column == null) continue; // Skip any unexpected null columns
+                for (Column column : columns) {
+                    if (column == null) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
 
-      String name = column.name();
-      String dataType = column.dataType() != null ? column.dataType().simpleString() : "UNKNOWN";
-      String comment = column.comment() != null ? column.comment() : "N/A";
-      String nullable = column.nullable() ? "true" : "false";
-      String autoIncrement = column.autoIncrement() ? "true" : "false";
+                    StringBuilder columnDetails = new StringBuilder();
+                    columnDetails.append(column.name()).append(",");
+                    columnDetails.append(column.dataType() != null ? column.dataType().simpleString() : "UNKNOWN").append(",");
+                    columnDetails.append(column.comment() != null ? column.comment() : "N/A").append(",");
+                    columnDetails.append(column.nullable() ? "true" : "false");
 
-      all.append(name)
-          .append(",")
-          .append(dataType)
-          .append(",")
-          .append(comment)
-          .append(",")
-          .append(nullable)
-          .append(",")
-          .append(autoIncrement)
-          .append(System.lineSeparator());
-    }
+                    if (hasAutoIncrement) {
+                        columnDetails.append(",").append(column.autoIncrement() ? "true" : "");
+                    }
 
-    printResults(all.toString());
-  }
+                    all.append(columnDetails).append(System.lineSeparator());
+                }
+
+                printResults(all.toString());
+            } else {
+                exitWithError("No columns found for the specified table.");
+            }
+        } catch (NoSuchTableException noSuchTableException) {
+            exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_TABLE + " " + Joiner.on(".").join(metalake, catalog, schema, table));
+        } catch (Exception exp) {
+            exitWithError("An error occurred while retrieving column details: " + exp.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
 }

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ListFilesetProperties.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 package org.apache.gravitino.cli.commands;
 
 import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.Map;
+
 import org.apache.gravitino.NameIdentifier;
 import org.apache.gravitino.cli.CommandContext;
 import org.apache.gravitino.cli.ErrorMessages;
@@ -60,27 +60,28 @@ public ListFilesetProperties(
   @Override
   public void handle() {
     Fileset gFileset = null;
-    NameIdentifier name = null;
+
     try {
-      name = NameIdentifier.of(schema, fileset);
-    } catch (Exception exp) {
-      exitWithError("Invalid schema or fileset name: " + exp.getMessage());
-      return;
-    }
-    try (GravitinoClient client = buildClient(metalake)) {
-      gFileset = client.loadCatalog(catalog).asFilesetCatalog().loadFileset(name);
+        NameIdentifier name = NameIdentifier.of(schema, fileset);
+
+        try (GravitinoClient client = buildClient(metalake)) {
+            gFileset = client.loadCatalog(catalog).asFilesetCatalog().loadFileset(name);
+        }
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException exp) {
+        exitWithError("Invalid schema or fileset name: " + exp.getMessage());
+        return;
     } catch (NoSuchMetalakeException err) {
-      exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_METALAKE);
-      return;
+        exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_METALAKE);
+        return;
     } catch (NoSuchCatalogException err) {
-      exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_CATALOG);
-      return;
+        exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_CATALOG);
+        return;
     } catch (NoSuchSchemaException err) {
-      exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_SCHEMA);
-      return;
+        exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_SCHEMA);
+        return;
     } catch (Exception exp) {
-      exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
-      return;
+        exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
+        return;
     }
 
     // Null check for gFileset before accessing its properties
@@ -89,11 +90,6 @@ public void handle() {
       return;
     }
 
-    Map<String, String> properties = gFileset.properties();
-    // Use an empty map if properties is null to avoid NPE later on
-    if (properties == null) {
-      properties = Collections.emptyMap();
-    }
-    printProperties(properties);
+    printProperties(gFileset.properties() != null ? gFileset.properties() : Collections.emptyMap());
   }
 }

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ListMetalakeProperties.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 package org.apache.gravitino.cli.commands;
 
 import java.util.Map;
+
 import org.apache.gravitino.Metalake;
 import org.apache.gravitino.cli.CommandContext;
 import org.apache.gravitino.cli.ErrorMessages;
@@ -45,20 +46,23 @@ public ListMetalakeProperties(CommandContext context, String metalake) {
   /** List the properties of a metalake. */
   @Override
   public void handle() {
+    Metalake gMetalake = null;
+
     try (GravitinoAdminClient client = buildAdminClient()) { // Ensure resource cleanup
-      Metalake gMetalake = client.loadMetalake(metalake);
+      gMetalake = client.loadMetalake(metalake);
 
       if (gMetalake == null) {
         exitWithError("Metalake not found: " + metalake);
         return;
       }
 
-      Map<String, String> properties = gMetalake.properties();
-      printProperties(properties);
     } catch (NoSuchMetalakeException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_METALAKE);
     } catch (Exception exp) {
       exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
     }
+
+    Map<String, String> properties = gMetalake.properties();
+    printProperties(properties);
   }
 }

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ListSchemaProperties.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 package org.apache.gravitino.cli.commands;
 
 import java.util.Map;
+
 import org.apache.gravitino.Schema;
 import org.apache.gravitino.cli.CommandContext;
 import org.apache.gravitino.cli.ErrorMessages;
@@ -54,16 +55,10 @@ public ListSchemaProperties(
   /** List the properties of a schema. */
   @Override
   public void handle() {
-    try (GravitinoClient client = buildClient(metalake)) { // Ensure resource cleanup
-      Schema gSchema = client.loadCatalog(catalog).asSchemas().loadSchema(schema);
-
-      if (gSchema == null) {
-        exitWithError("Schema not found: " + schema);
-        return;
-      }
+    Schema gSchema = null;
 
-      Map<String, String> properties = gSchema.properties();
-      printProperties(properties);
+    try (GravitinoClient client = buildClient(metalake)) { // Ensure resource cleanup
+      gSchema = client.loadCatalog(catalog).asSchemas().loadSchema(schema); 
     } catch (NoSuchMetalakeException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_METALAKE);
     } catch (NoSuchCatalogException err) {
@@ -73,5 +68,13 @@ public void handle() {
     } catch (Exception exp) {
       exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
     }
+
+    if (gSchema == null) {
+      exitWithError("Schema not found: " + schema);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    Map<String, String> properties = gSchema.properties();
+    printProperties(properties);
   }
 }

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ListTables.java

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public class ListTables extends TableCommand {
    * @param context The command context.
    * @param metalake The name of the metalake.
    * @param catalog The name of the catalog.
-   * @param schema The name of the schenma.
+   * @param schema The name of the schema.
    */
   public ListTables(CommandContext context, String metalake, String catalog, String schema) {
     super(context, metalake, catalog);

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/ListTopicProperties.java

@@ -74,19 +74,14 @@ public void handle() {
 
     } catch (NoSuchMetalakeException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_METALAKE);
-      return;
     } catch (NoSuchCatalogException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_CATALOG);
-      return;
     } catch (NoSuchSchemaException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_SCHEMA);
-      return;
     } catch (NoSuchTopicException err) {
       exitWithError(ErrorMessages.UNKNOWN_TOPIC);
-      return;
     } catch (Exception exp) {
-      exitWithError("An unexpected error occurred: " + exp.getMessage());
-      return;
+      exitWithError(exp.getMessage());
     }
 
     Map<String, String> properties = gTopic.properties();

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/SchemaAudit.java

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public class SchemaAudit extends AuditCommand {
    * @param context The command context.
    * @param metalake The name of the metalake.
    * @param catalog The name of the catalog.
-   * @param schema The name of the schenma.
+   * @param schema The name of the schema.
    */
   public SchemaAudit(CommandContext context, String metalake, String catalog, String schema) {
     super(context);

clients/cli/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/cli/commands/SchemaDetails.java

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public class SchemaDetails extends Command {
    * @param context The command context.
    * @param metalake The name of the metalake.
    * @param catalog The name of the catalog.
-   * @param schema The name of the schenma.
+   * @param schema The name of the schema.
    */
   public SchemaDetails(CommandContext context, String metalake, String catalog, String schema) {
     super(context);