ci: Update runners to ubuntu-24.04

[lforst]

Another try. Previous one #15219 reverted in #15367 due to us not having large runners available yet.

[codecov]

❌ 1 Tests Failed:

Tests completed	Failed	Passed	Skipped
4666	1	4665	330

View the top 1 failed test(s) by shortest run time

suites/tracing/tedious/test.ts > tedious auto instrumentation > should auto-instrument `tedious` package

Stack Traces | 21.6s run time

Error: Expected envelope item type 'transaction' but got 'event'
 ❯ newEnvelope utils/runner.ts:303:21
 ❯ tryParseEnvelopeFromStdoutLine utils/runner.ts:415:15
 ❯ Socket.<anonymous> utils/runner.ts:433:15

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