Convert from_type to parent logical type before attempting a cast.

[GPSnoopy]

This is part of larger PR for polars pola-rs/polars#9373.

Though it does seem to be the right thing when doing a cast and dealing with extension types.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Patch coverage: 100.00% and no project coverage change.

Comparison is base (2d2e705) 83.47% compared to head (2078857) 83.47%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #1508   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   83.47%   83.47%           
=======================================
  Files         388      388           
  Lines       41996    41997    +1     
=======================================
+ Hits        35057    35058    +1     
  Misses       6939     6939           

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/compute/cast/mod.rs	90.67% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️

... and 6 files with indirect coverage changes

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[GPSnoopy]

Closing PR as per pola-rs/polars#9373 (comment)