[11.x] Add fluent URL validation class rule

[shaedrich]

Similar to #54488, #53465, #54425, and #54517

Based on #54488 (comment)

Examples

Simplest case: Without constraints

use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;

public function rules()
{
    return [
        'foo' => [
            'required',
            Rule::url(), // results in 'url'
        ],
    ];
}

Active URL

use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;

public function rules()
{
    return [
        'foo' => [
            'required',
            Rule::url()->active(), // results in 'active_url'
        ],
    ];
}

With protocols

use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;

public function rules()
{
    return [
        'foo' => [
            'required',
            Rule::url('http', 'https'), // results in 'url:http,https'
            // or: Rule::url(['http', 'https'])
            // or: Rule::url(collect(['http', 'https']))
            // or: Rule::url()->protocols('http', 'https')
        ],
    ];
}

Modify protocols

use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;

public function rules()
{
    $rule = Rule::url('http', 'https');
    $rule->protocol('ftp');
    return [
        'foo' => [
            'required',
            $rule, // results in 'url:http,https,ftp'
        ],
    ];
}