(feat): Support for `pandas` `ExtensionArray` #11371

Job	Run time
detect ci trigger	6s
Event File	2s
ubuntu-latest py3.9	44s
ubuntu-latest py3.11	35s
ubuntu-latest py3.12	37s
macos-latest py3.9	1m 25s
macos-latest py3.11	1m 23s
macos-latest py3.12	1m 12s
windows-latest py3.9	10m 57s
windows-latest py3.11	10m 23s
windows-latest py3.12	10m 57s
ubuntu-latest py3.9 bare-minimum	23s
ubuntu-latest py3.9 min-all-deps	45s
ubuntu-latest py3.10 all-but-dask	29s
ubuntu-latest py3.10 flaky	55s
	40m 53s

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