feat: updates the emoji ID API to be more idiomatic (#6287)

Description
---
Updates the emoji ID public API to be more idiomatic.

Motivation and Context
---
The emoji ID public API includes functionality to convert to and from
types like `String` and `PublicKey`, but not idiomatically. This PR
updates the API to use `From` and `FromStr` trait implementations where
possible. It also makes some minor changes to checksum function
signatures to avoid unnecessary vector cloning, and improves a test.

How Has This Been Tested?
---
Existing tests pass.

What process can a PR reviewer use to test or verify this change?
---
Check that the new API is, in fact, more idiomatic :)

While this doesn't affect consensus or existing databases, this public
API change is technically breaking. For example, existing
[documentation](https://www.tari.com/lessons/05_emoji_id) needs to be
updated.

applications/minotari_app_utilities/src/utilities.rs

@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ pub fn setup_runtime() -> Result<Runtime, ExitError> {
 
 /// Returns a CommsPublicKey from either a emoji id or a public key
 pub fn parse_emoji_id_or_public_key(key: &str) -> Option<CommsPublicKey> {
-    EmojiId::from_emoji_string(&key.trim().replace('|', ""))
-        .map(|emoji_id| emoji_id.to_public_key())
+    EmojiId::from_str(&key.trim().replace('|', ""))
+        .map(|emoji_id| PublicKey::from(&emoji_id))
         .or_else(|_| CommsPublicKey::from_hex(key))
         .ok()
 }
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ impl FromStr for UniPublicKey {
     type Err = UniIdError;
 
     fn from_str(key: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
-        if let Ok(emoji_id) = EmojiId::from_emoji_string(&key.trim().replace('|', "")) {
-            Ok(Self(emoji_id.to_public_key()))
+        if let Ok(emoji_id) = EmojiId::from_str(&key.trim().replace('|', "")) {
+            Ok(Self(PublicKey::from(&emoji_id)))
         } else if let Ok(public_key) = PublicKey::from_hex(key) {
             Ok(Self(public_key))
         } else if let Ok(tari_address) = TariAddress::from_hex(key) {
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ impl FromStr for UniNodeId {
     type Err = UniIdError;
 
     fn from_str(key: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
-        if let Ok(emoji_id) = EmojiId::from_emoji_string(&key.trim().replace('|', "")) {
-            Ok(Self::PublicKey(emoji_id.to_public_key()))
+        if let Ok(emoji_id) = EmojiId::from_str(&key.trim().replace('|', "")) {
+            Ok(Self::PublicKey(PublicKey::from(&emoji_id)))
         } else if let Ok(public_key) = PublicKey::from_hex(key) {
             Ok(Self::PublicKey(public_key))
         } else if let Ok(node_id) = NodeId::from_hex(key) {

applications/minotari_console_wallet/src/automation/commands.rs

@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ pub async fn command_runner(
             },
             Whois(args) => {
                 let public_key = args.public_key.into();
-                let emoji_id = EmojiId::from_public_key(&public_key).to_emoji_string();
+                let emoji_id = EmojiId::from(&public_key).to_string();
 
                 println!("Public Key: {}", public_key.to_hex());
                 println!("Emoji ID  : {}", emoji_id);

applications/minotari_node/src/commands/command/get_peer.rs

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ impl CommandContext {
         };
 
         for peer in peers {
-            let eid = EmojiId::from_public_key(&peer.public_key).to_emoji_string();
+            let eid = EmojiId::from(&peer.public_key).to_string();
             println!("Emoji ID: {}", eid);
             println!("Public Key: {}", peer.public_key);
             println!("NodeId: {}", peer.node_id);

base_layer/common_types/src/dammsum.rs

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ pub enum ChecksumError {
 const COEFFICIENTS: [u8; 3] = [4, 3, 1];
 
 /// Compute the DammSum checksum for an array, each of whose elements are in the range `[0, 2^8)`
-pub fn compute_checksum(data: &Vec<u8>) -> u8 {
+pub fn compute_checksum(data: &[u8]) -> u8 {
     let mut mask = 1u8;
 
     // Compute the bitmask (if possible)
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ pub fn compute_checksum(data: &Vec<u8>) -> u8 {
 }
 
 /// Determine whether the array ends with a valid checksum
-pub fn validate_checksum(data: &Vec<u8>) -> Result<(), ChecksumError> {
+pub fn validate_checksum(data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), ChecksumError> {
     // Empty data is not allowed, nor data only consisting of a checksum
     if data.len() < 2 {
         return Err(ChecksumError::InputDataTooShort);

base_layer/common_types/src/emoji.rs

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ use std::{
     convert::TryFrom,
     fmt::{Display, Error, Formatter},
     iter,
+    str::FromStr,
 };
 
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
@@ -121,16 +122,24 @@ pub enum EmojiIdError {
 }
 
 impl EmojiId {
-    /// Construct an emoji ID from an emoji string with checksum
-    pub fn from_emoji_string(emoji: &str) -> Result<Self, EmojiIdError> {
+    /// Get the public key from an emoji ID
+    pub fn as_public_key(&self) -> &PublicKey {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for EmojiId {
+    type Err = EmojiIdError;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
         // The string must be the correct size, including the checksum
-        if emoji.chars().count() != INTERNAL_SIZE + CHECKSUM_SIZE {
+        if s.chars().count() != INTERNAL_SIZE + CHECKSUM_SIZE {
             return Err(EmojiIdError::InvalidSize);
         }
 
         // Convert the emoji string to a byte array
         let mut bytes = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(INTERNAL_SIZE + CHECKSUM_SIZE);
-        for c in emoji.chars() {
+        for c in s.chars() {
             if let Some(i) = REVERSE_EMOJI.get(&c) {
                 bytes.push(*i);
             } else {
@@ -152,40 +161,48 @@ impl EmojiId {
             Err(_) => Err(EmojiIdError::CannotRecoverPublicKey),
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /// Construct an emoji ID from a public key
-    pub fn from_public_key(public_key: &PublicKey) -> Self {
-        Self(public_key.clone())
+impl From<&PublicKey> for EmojiId {
+    fn from(value: &PublicKey) -> Self {
+        Self::from(value.clone())
     }
+}
 
-    /// Convert the emoji ID to an emoji string with checksum
-    pub fn to_emoji_string(&self) -> String {
-        // Convert the public key to bytes and compute the checksum
-        let bytes = self.0.as_bytes().to_vec();
-        bytes
-            .iter()
-            .chain(iter::once(&compute_checksum(&bytes)))
-            .map(|b| EMOJI[*b as usize])
-            .collect::<String>()
+impl From<PublicKey> for EmojiId {
+    fn from(value: PublicKey) -> Self {
+        Self(value)
     }
+}
 
-    /// Convert the emoji ID to a public key
-    pub fn to_public_key(&self) -> PublicKey {
-        self.0.clone()
+impl From<&EmojiId> for PublicKey {
+    fn from(value: &EmojiId) -> Self {
+        value.as_public_key().clone()
     }
 }
 
 impl Display for EmojiId {
     fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        fmt.write_str(&self.to_emoji_string())
+        // Convert the public key to bytes and compute the checksum
+        let bytes = self.as_public_key().as_bytes();
+        let emoji = bytes
+            .iter()
+            .chain(iter::once(&compute_checksum(bytes)))
+            .map(|b| EMOJI[*b as usize])
+            .collect::<String>();
+
+        fmt.write_str(&emoji)
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
-    use std::iter;
+    use std::{iter, str::FromStr};
 
-    use tari_crypto::keys::{PublicKey as PublicKeyTrait, SecretKey};
+    use tari_crypto::{
+        keys::{PublicKey as PublicKeyTrait, SecretKey},
+        tari_utilities::ByteArray,
+    };
 
     use crate::{
         dammsum::compute_checksum,
@@ -201,49 +218,43 @@ mod test {
         let public_key = PublicKey::from_secret_key(&PrivateKey::random(&mut rng));
 
         // Generate an emoji ID from the public key and ensure we recover it
-        let emoji_id_from_public_key = EmojiId::from_public_key(&public_key);
-        assert_eq!(emoji_id_from_public_key.to_public_key(), public_key);
+        let emoji_id_from_public_key = EmojiId::from(&public_key);
+        assert_eq!(emoji_id_from_public_key.as_public_key(), &public_key);
 
         // Check the size of the corresponding emoji string
-        let emoji_string = emoji_id_from_public_key.to_emoji_string();
+        let emoji_string = emoji_id_from_public_key.to_string();
         assert_eq!(emoji_string.chars().count(), INTERNAL_SIZE + CHECKSUM_SIZE);
 
         // Generate an emoji ID from the emoji string and ensure we recover it
-        let emoji_id_from_emoji_string = EmojiId::from_emoji_string(&emoji_string).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(emoji_id_from_emoji_string.to_emoji_string(), emoji_string);
+        let emoji_id_from_emoji_string = EmojiId::from_str(&emoji_string).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(emoji_id_from_emoji_string.to_string(), emoji_string);
 
         // Return to the original public key for good measure
-        assert_eq!(emoji_id_from_emoji_string.to_public_key(), public_key);
+        assert_eq!(emoji_id_from_emoji_string.as_public_key(), &public_key);
     }
 
     #[test]
     /// Test invalid size
     fn invalid_size() {
         // This emoji string is too short to be a valid emoji ID
         let emoji_string = "🌴🐩🔌📌🚑🌰🎓🌴🐊🐌💕💡🐜📉👛🍵👛🐽🎂🐻🌀🍓😿🐭🐼🏀🎪💔💸🍅🔋🎒";
-        assert_eq!(EmojiId::from_emoji_string(emoji_string), Err(EmojiIdError::InvalidSize));
+        assert_eq!(EmojiId::from_str(emoji_string), Err(EmojiIdError::InvalidSize));
     }
 
     #[test]
     /// Test invalid emoji
     fn invalid_emoji() {
         // This emoji string contains an invalid emoji character
         let emoji_string = "🌴🐩🔌📌🚑🌰🎓🌴🐊🐌💕💡🐜📉👛🍵👛🐽🎂🐻🌀🍓😿🐭🐼🏀🎪💔💸🍅🔋🎒🎅";
-        assert_eq!(
-            EmojiId::from_emoji_string(emoji_string),
-            Err(EmojiIdError::InvalidEmoji)
-        );
+        assert_eq!(EmojiId::from_str(emoji_string), Err(EmojiIdError::InvalidEmoji));
     }
 
     #[test]
     /// Test invalid checksum
     fn invalid_checksum() {
         // This emoji string contains an invalid checksum
         let emoji_string = "🌴🐩🔌📌🚑🌰🎓🌴🐊🐌💕💡🐜📉👛🍵👛🐽🎂🐻🌀🍓😿🐭🐼🏀🎪💔💸🍅🔋🎒🎒";
-        assert_eq!(
-            EmojiId::from_emoji_string(emoji_string),
-            Err(EmojiIdError::InvalidChecksum)
-        );
+        assert_eq!(EmojiId::from_str(emoji_string), Err(EmojiIdError::InvalidChecksum));
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -252,6 +263,7 @@ mod test {
         // This byte representation does not represent a valid public key
         let mut bytes = vec![0u8; INTERNAL_SIZE];
         bytes[0] = 1;
+        assert!(PublicKey::from_canonical_bytes(&bytes).is_err());
 
         // Convert to an emoji string and manually add a valid checksum
         let emoji_set = emoji_set();
@@ -262,7 +274,7 @@ mod test {
             .collect::<String>();
 
         assert_eq!(
-            EmojiId::from_emoji_string(&emoji_string),
+            EmojiId::from_str(&emoji_string),
             Err(EmojiIdError::CannotRecoverPublicKey)
         );
     }

base_layer/common_types/src/tari_address.rs

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ impl TariAddress {
         if bytes.len() != INTERNAL_SIZE {
             return Err(TariAddressError::InvalidSize);
         }
-        let checksum = compute_checksum(&bytes[0..32].to_vec());
+        let checksum = compute_checksum(&bytes[0..32]);
         // if the network is a valid network number, we can assume that the checksum as valid
         let network =
             Network::try_from(checksum ^ bytes[32]).map_err(|_| TariAddressError::InvalidNetworkOrChecksum)?;
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ impl TariAddress {
     pub fn to_bytes(&self) -> [u8; INTERNAL_SIZE] {
         let mut buf = [0u8; INTERNAL_SIZE];
         buf[0..32].copy_from_slice(self.public_key.as_bytes());
-        let checksum = compute_checksum(&buf[0..32].to_vec());
+        let checksum = compute_checksum(&buf[0..32]);
         buf[32] = self.network.as_byte() ^ checksum;
         buf
     }
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ mod test {
     fn invalid_public_key() {
         let mut bytes = [0; 33].to_vec();
         bytes[0] = 1;
-        let checksum = compute_checksum(&bytes[0..32].to_vec());
+        let checksum = compute_checksum(&bytes[0..32]);
         bytes[32] = Network::Esmeralda.as_byte() ^ checksum;
         let emoji_string = bytes.iter().map(|b| EMOJI[*b as usize]).collect::<String>();