Added BGNPCGN Modern Syriac map 2011

maps/bgnpcgn-syr-Syrc-Latn-2011.yaml

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+---
+authority_id: bgnpcgn
+id: 2011
+language: syr
+source_script: Syrc
+destination_script: Latn
+name: ROMANIZATION OF MODERN SYRIAC SCRIPT -- BGN/PCGN 2011 System
+url: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/693736/ROMANIZATION_OF_MODERN_SYRIAC.pdf
+creation_date: 2011
+confirmation date: 2017-11
+description: |
+  The modern Syriac script is used today by Assyrian writers of the
+  neo-Aramaic language. This Romanization System may be applied to any
+  toponyms written in this script as may be encountered in parts of
+  northern Iraq, Syria, northern Iran and eastern Turkey. The Neo-Aramaic
+  language has a degree of locally official status within Iraq, and
+  accordingly some bilingual Arabic and modern Syriac signage may be
+  encountered.
+
+  The script is closely aligned to that of both Hebrew and Arabic, and,
+  as these, is written from right to left. In this Romanization System,
+  ‘strong’ consonants have been marked with a sub-dot so as not to give a
+  closer visual relation to either Arabic (which marks such consonants
+  with a cedilla) or Hebrew (which marks these with an underbar). The
+  equivalences where they exist in the Arabic and Hebrew scripts have
+  also been shown only for a guide to the cognate root.
+
+notes:
+  - Letters connect to the following letter (to the left) except those
+    referenced to this note.
+
+  - |
+    This is the form in independent or word-final position. The form
+    initially and medially differs but this is not included in a standalone
+    form in the Unicode Standard. The initial/medial form will however be
+    automatically generated in using the letter’s Unicode encoding
+    initially or medially in a word. To illustrate the different forms,
+    using the Unicode encoding twice gives: '\u071F'; '\u0721'; and '\u0722'
+
+  - |
+    Ālap (ܐ) has a number of functions in modern Syriac script:
+
+    * It appears word-initially to denote a vowel, and is sometimes
+      followed by yōd or wāw to denote ī or ū respectively.
+    * It appears word-medially to denote what historically was a
+      glottal stop. It is understood that this does not now function as a
+      ‘stop’ in speech, though the Ālap still appears in the written form.
+      This is romanized '.'.
+    * It appears word-medially to denote a long vowel ā or ē.
+    * It appears word-finally to denote the long vowel ā or ē.
+
+    Given the ambiguity in its function, it is recommended that a
+    reference source be consulted for further guidance as to the
+    appropriate romanization.
+
+  - Taw (ܬ) should be romanized t when unaspirated, and th when
+    aspirated. A reference source should be consulted for further guidance
+    as to the appropriate romanization.
+
+  - |
+    Numerals in modern Syriac script are represented by letters of the
+    alphabet: Ālap, Bēt, Gāmal = 1, 2, 3 etc.; Yōd = 10, Kāp = 20, Lāmad =
+    30 etc.; Qōp = 100, Rēsh = 200, Shīn = 300 and finally Taw = 400.
+    Unlike Arabic, composite numerals are written from right-toleft, so for
+    instance 12 is written ܒ ܝ . Given the limited number of
+    single-character numerals, other numbers are naturally quite
+    elaborately composed: for instance, 999 may be written as (90×10)+90+9
+    or as 400+400+100+90+9. Arabic numerals are also used.
+
+  - |
+    An inventory of letter-diacritic combinations, with their Unicode
+    encoding, in addition to the unmodified letters of the basic Roman
+    script is:
+
+    ’ (U+2019) , ‘ (U+2018)
+    Ā (U+0100) , ā (U+0101)
+    Ē (U+0112) , ē (U+0113)
+    Ū (U+016A) , ū (U+016B)
+    Ḥ (U+0048+0323) , ḥ (U+0068+0323)
+    Ṭ (U+0054+0323) , ṭ (U+0074+0323)
+    Ī (U+012A) , ī (U+012B)
+    Ṣ (U+0053+0323) , ṣ (U+0073+0323)
+
+  - The Romanization column shows only lowercase forms but, when
+    romanizing, uppercase and lowercase Roman letters as appropriate should
+    be used.
+
+tests:
+  - source: ""
+    expected: ""
+
+map:
+  characters:
+
+    "\u0710": ''  # Ālap. See note 1
+    "\u0712": 'b'  # Bēt
+    "\u0713": 'g'  # Gāmal
+    "\u0715": 'd'  # Dālat. See note 1
+    "\u0717": 'h'  # Hēt. See note 1
+    "\u0718": # Wāw. See note 1
+      - 'w'
+      - 'ū'
+    "\u0719": 'z'  # Zayn. See note 1
+    "\u071A": 'ḥ'  # Ḥēt
+    "\u071B": 'ṭ'  # Tēt
+    "\u071D": # Yōd
+      - 'y'
+      - 'ī'
+    "\u071F": 'k'  # Kāp. See note 2
+    "\u0720": 'l'  # Lāmad
+    "\u0721": 'm'  # Mīm. See note 2
+    "\u0722": 'n'  # Nūn. See note 2
+    "\u0723": 's'  # Semkat
+    "\u0724": 's'  # Semkat
+    "\u0725": '‘'  # ‘Ē
+    "\u0726": 'p'  # Pē
+    "\u0728": 'ṣ'  # Ṣādē. See note 1
+    "\u0729": 'q'  # Qōp
+    "\u072A": 'r'  # Rēsh
+    "\u072B": 'sh'  # Shīn
+    "\u072C": # Taw. See note 1
+      - 't'
+      - 'th'
+
+    # Vowel pointing marks
+
+    # Vowels are represented either by the ‘matres lectionis’ (‘mothers
+    # of reading’) ālap(ܐ), yōd (ܝ) a nd w āw (ܘ), that function both as
+    # consonants and vowels, or by pointingmarks appearing above or below
+    # other letters. The pointing marks are, however, frequently omitted.
+
+    '\u0732': 'a'
+    '\u0733': 'o'
+    '\u0734': 'u'
+    '\u0735': 'ā'
+    '\u0738': 'i'
+    '\u0739': 'ē'
+    '\u073C': 'ī'
+